Abstract: A fast on-line data flow allocation method efficiently determines the allocation of data flow among data paths, particularly when a parameter that influences data flow allocation is changed dynamically. In an illustrative embodiment, at least one commodity flow sample point is determined and a continuous boundary is constructed through the sample points. The continuous boundary (characterized as Maximum Flow Frontier) can be constructed off-line and may be used to determine new data flow allocations when a data flow allocation parameter changes. By developing a continuous boundary data flow, allocation parameters can be determined using a limited number of sample points. This can reduce the allocation complexity, and permit efficient data flow allocation.

Abstract: A new progressive compression scheme for arbitrary topology, highly detailed and densely sampled meshes arising from geometry scanning. Meshes may have three distinct components: geometry, parameter, and connectivity information. The latter two do not contribute to the reduction of error in a compression setting. Using semi-regular meshes, parameter and connectivity information can be virtually eliminated. The semiregular meshes may be used with semi-regular wavelet transforms, zerotree coding, and subdivision based reconstruction.

Abstract: A packet network of interconnected nodes employing dynamic backup routing of a Network Tunnel Path (NTP) allocates an active and backup path to the NTP based upon detection of a network failure. Dynamic backup routing employs local restoration to determine the allocation of, and, in operation, to switch between, a primary/active path and a secondary/backup path. Switching from the active path is based on a backup path determined with iterative shortest-path computations with link weights assigned based on the cost of using a link to backup a given link. Costs may be assigned based on single-link failure or single element (node or link) failure. Link weights are derived by assigning usage costs to links for inclusion in a backup path, and minimizing the costs with respect to a predefined criterion.

Abstract: A variable bandwidth hierarchical OADM apparatus and method handles different data rates, based on a waveband OADM and one or more wavelength OADMs in parallel. The wavelength OADM combines multiple adjacent channels with fine granularity up to the bandwidth of the waveband OADM. The wavebands and wavelengths to be passed, dropped, and added by the hierarchical OADM apparatus are all electronically selectable, hence no hardware modification is needed when the data rate is changed. The use of a coarse granularity waveband OADM and variable-bandwidth wavelength OADM with fine granularity enables our hierarchical OADM apparatus and method to provide a variable-bandwidth multi-granularity add/drop capability.

Abstract: The system, apparatus and method of the present invention provide telecommunication conferencing services in a multiple leg telecommunication session. One of the system embodiments includes a database and a switching center. The database has stored in a memory a plurality of secondary directory numbers and a conference parameter associated with a primary directory number. The switching center has an interface for receiving an incoming call leg designating the primary directory number and for determining whether the primary directory number and its associated plurality of secondary directory numbers are configured for a conference mode.

Abstract: A mirror of known type comprises a stack of pairs of dielectric material layers of alternating high and low refractive indices and a metal layer, preferably gold, capping one end of the stack. For improvising the adherence of the metal layer to the stack, the metal is directly contiguous with a layer of tin oxide. In different mirror structures, the tin oxide can be an extra layer added between the end-most pair of layers and the metal layer; or the tin oxide layer can comprise one layer of only the end-most pair of dielectric layers in the stack; or all of the pairs of dielectric layers in the stack can comprise a layer of tin oxide as one of the pair layers.

Abstract: A MEMS device having a spring structure formed by two flexible beams attached between a substrate and a movable bar. When non-end sections of the beams are pulled in opposite directions, the beam ends attached to the movable bar pull that bar toward the substrate, thereby transforming in-plane motion of the non-end sections into out-of-plane motion of the movable bar. When the non-end sections are displaced symmetrically, the movable bar translates toward the substrate. Alternatively, when the non-end sections are displaced non-symmetrically, the movable bar rotates with respect to the substrate. In one embodiment, each flexible beam is attached to a comb-shaped portion of a motion actuator, which has two such portions, each portion interleaved with the other portion and adapted to move with respect to the substrate and that other portion.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing delay in wireless communications by use of a burst based access and assignment system. The method for setting up a communication channel uses short burst(s) (essentially a slot of a time frame). Time is saved by keeping the uplink and downlink channels flexible and independent of each other. Thus less time is used trying to fit all requests and responses into constrained choices as in previous protocols. The result is less delay to the mobile user and greater usage density for the wireless service provider.

Abstract: A communication system includes User Equipment (111), Radio Access Network (RAN) (121), a packet-switched domain (131), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (141), a circuit-switched domain (151), a Domain Name System (DNS) (165), a Charging Gateway Function (CGF) (134), an EIR (135), a Transport Signaling Gateway (T-SGW) (146), and a Roaming Signaling Gateway (R-SGW) (147). The CS domain (151) includes an interworking Mobile Switching Center (iMSC) (201). The iMSC (201) translates the CS domain registration, call control, feature control, and feature invocation procedures associated with the access technology to standard SIP procedures. The media gateway (MGW) (173) under the control of the iMSC (201) converts the air interface media flow into a packet stream that is managed by SIP procedures within the IMS (141). The iMSC (201) thereby allows for interworking between circuit-switched and packet-switched domains for call terminations.

Abstract: A dispersion compensator having relatively uniform transmission characteristics over the bandwidth of a communication channel. The compensator is designed to process an optical signal corresponding to the communication channel by decomposing that signal into spectral components, routing different components along different optical paths that impart relative delays between the components, and recombining the delayed components spatially and directionally to generate a processed optical signal with reduced chromatic dispersion. In one embodiment, the compensator includes a diffraction grating optically coupled to a mirror array, in which different mirrors receive light corresponding to different communication channels. For each channel, a desired group delay value is produced by selecting the curvature of the corresponding mirror. A compensator employing independently addressable, variable-curvature mirrors enables generation of variable, channel-specific group delays.

Abstract: A resampler, method of resampling a signal and a bit pump and transceiver employing the same. In one embodiment, the resampler includes an interpolation stage, coupled to an input of the resampler, that receives a one-bit input signal representing at least a portion of a receive signal propagating along a receive path of the bit pump and generates a plurality of intermediate samples from at least two input samples associated with the one-bit input signal. The resampler also includes a selection stage, coupled to the interpolation stage, that receives the plurality of intermediate samples via one delay line of single bits and select one thereof, thereby providing an output sample that corresponds to a phase of the oscillator.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes at least one repeater antenna assembly for providing adequate RF coverage within a building, such as a home. An example repeater antenna assembly has an automatically adjustable gain that is controlled responsive to a pathloss associated with a received signal to avoid base station transceiver desensitization and positive feedback. A disclosed assembly avoids base station desensitization and positive feedback. Another disclosed technique maintains a selected minimum link budget within the building.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: A signal processing device utilizes a stochastic approximation of a gradient descent algorithm for updating a transform. The signal processing device is configured to implement the transform for producing a desired transformed output signal, and the transform is updated using the stochastic approximation of the gradient algorithm based on received data associated with the signal being processed. The transform is represented in a reduced-parameter form, such as a Givens parameterized form or a Householder form, such that the reduced-parameter form for an N×N transform comprises fewer than N2 parameters. The updating process is implemented using computations involving the reduced-parameter form, and an adaptation of the transform is represented directly as one or more changes in the reduced-parameter form. The gradient algorithm may be configured to minimize a negative gradient of a pairwise energy compaction property of the transform.

Abstract: A waveguide/MEMS switch adapted to redirect optical signals between output ports based on a phase shift change generated by motion of one or more movable MEMS mirrors incorporated therein. Advantageously, such a switch has a relatively high switching speed and low power consumption. A switch according to one embodiment of the invention includes a planar waveguide device and a planar MEMS device. The MEMS device implements in-plane (i.e., parallel to the plane of that device) translation of the mirrors. As a result, in certain embodiments of the switch, the waveguide and MEMS devices are connected into a compact planar assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for prefetching Internet resources based on the estimated round trip time of the resources. Whenever a user clicks on an embedded hyperlink, the prefetching strategy aims to ensure that the corresponding document has been prefetched or can be fetched very quickly from its origin server. Web access time as perceived by the user is reduced, while also minimizing the network, server and local resource overhead due to prefetching. The estimated round trip time is obtained or approximated for all referenced documents. The “round trip” time or access time of a resource is the time interval between the sending of the first byte of an HTTP request for the resource until the last byte of the server response has arrived at the requesting Web client. Documents with the longest access times are prefetched first and prefetching generally continues until the estimated round trip time falls below a predefined threshold.

Abstract: A network element maintains failure information for a packet-based network and usage information for a backup path. Upon receipt of a new demand, with an associated bandwidth, d, the network element determines if the backup path can be shared as a function of the failure information and the usage information associated with the backup path.

Abstract: A fibre channel (FC) signal representing block encoded data is applied to a block decoder, which removes the block encoding from the data. The data is then applied to a simplified data link (SDL) protocol encoder, which maps the data into an SDL protocol packet for transmission over a SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)-based transport medium.

Abstract: Internal communication signals in a stored program controlled system comprising a plurality of units configured to process signals are provided by a free space optical beam line which is proximal to all of the plurality of units. The free space beam line is configured to contain optically encoded signals which comprises signals transmitted between and/or among the plurality of units. Each unit includes a probe for injecting optically encoded signals in the free space beam line and/or and for receiving optically encoded signals from the free space beam line. Advantageously, there may be a first terminal at a first end of the beam line to configure to transmit and terminate the optically encoded signals and a second terminal unit at the second end of the free space beam line configured to transmit and terminate the optically encoded signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) type system of mobile radio telecommunications that is robust with respect to radio network controller failures: According to the invention, following a temporary interruption in operation of a radio network controller of the UTRAN network of the system and after the reinitialization of this radio network controller, the UTRAN network sends a piece of information to all the cells controlled by the reinitialized radio network controller or by its neighboring radio network controllers. This piece of information prompts the user equipment devices that are in these cells to make their presence known to the UTRAN network. According to the invention, the user equipment devices in connected mode are capable of processing said piece of information.