Abstract: A method of lowering graphite electrodes which are supported vertically displaceable electrode holders and extend through the cover of an electric arc furnace is disclosed. In accordance with the disclosed method, the furnace cover is completely laterally swung away from the furnace vessel and then the free lengths of the electrodes below the electrode clamps are adjusted to a position insuring a stable electric arc.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for securing a plate-type cooler in metallurgical furnaces is disclosed. The cooler comprises a cast body including embedded cooling pipes provided with protective tubes which are run into the cooler body and secured to the outlets of the cooling pipes. At a first level, at least one of the protective tubes is designed as a fixed support and the other tubes at the same level are designed as horizontally displaceable supports to allow for a thermal expansion. At a vertically opposite level, at least one of the protective tubes is designed as a vertically displaceable support and the other tubes extending at the same level are designed as movable supports.

Abstract: A noise-reducing casing member for oil-containing elements of interval combustion engines. The walls of the casing member are converging stepped plates containing inward depressions and/or grooves for frequency detuning.

Abstract: An improved rotor compressor, particularly a screw-type compressor, for compressing a gas is disclosed. The compressor is provided with a housing having an annular drain space surrounding rotor shafts at a location between each shaft bearing and the working space for removing escaping lubricant and gas. The drain space is connected through a drain passage to a closed collecting chamber which is substantially under the intake pressure of the compressor. A return passage is provided for returning gas to at least one of the intake and the working space of the compressor and for returning lubricant to a lubrication circuit.

Abstract: An electrode holder is disclosed particularly for smelting furnaces which comprises an electrode arm, a fixed contact to the arm and a movable contact movably mounted to the arm. A biasing spring is connected in the mounting of the movable contact on the electrode arm to bias the movable contact toward the fixed contact to hold an electrode between the two contacts. A fluid pressure cylinder is provided in the electrode arm which acts on the movable contact to counteract the force of the spring to release the electrode from between the contacts. The fluid pressure cylinder is supplied by a fluid motor, fluid pump and fluid reservoir combination which is mounted as a constructional unit within the electrode arm. The fluid may be hydraulic or pneumatic. Electrical power is supplied to the motor by an electric line and air is supplied to a compartment containing the motor pump and reservoir combination. Flexible pressure fluid lines are therefore not required.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines, especially for high-performance internal combustion engines. The piston has several ring grooves for piston rings, and an oil control groove which is provided below the top ring groove, is separated therefrom, and opens only towards the cylinder bore. The land between the topmost ring groove and the oil control groove, seen in cross section, is designed as a support having constant bending stress and has a finite height at its outer surface. The inner confine of the oil control groove has a finite radius or rounded-off section to avoid an increased stress concentration factor.

Abstract: A gas seal for a rotatable shaft of a housing which comprises, a first rotatable dimensionally stable seal ring connected to the shaft. A diaphragm is connected to the housing which exerts an axial bias on a second rotatable seal ring. The bias of the diaphragm provides a gap space between the rotatable and fixed seal ring which is supplied with a sealing gas. The material of the fixed ring is different from that of the diaphragm. A compensating ring is connected unilaterally to the fixed ring and of a material at least partly the same as the fixed ring. A slide seat is defined between the compensating ring and the fixed ring to permit axial movement of at least a part of the compensating ring. This part is connected in turn to the diaphragm so that stress free transmission of axial thrust is provided between the seal ring and the diaphragm.

Abstract: A fluid-locked shaft seal comprises a housing with a shaft rotating therein having a seal ring affixed thereto for rotation therewith. A packing ring is disposed in the housing around the shaft and is fixed radially in respect to the shaft but is held by flexible means which permits its axial movement to some extent. A slide ring in the housing around the shaft is located between the seal ring and the packing ring and connected to the shaft for rotation that is substantially half the speed of rotation of the shaft. A pump rotor is formed with the seal and disposed on the side of the seal ring which is adjacent to the slide ring and generates a fluid flow in a deflecting channel which is defined in the housing by slide ring and the seal ring. A plurality of stationary impellers are disposed in the deflection channel and the slide ring has a turbine portion disposed in this channel.

Abstract: A truck, especially a large capacity vehicle or tractor semi-trailer combination including a motor-steering unit, which essentially includes the motor, the transmission, the axles, the wheels, and where applicable, a fifth wheel for a semi-trailer; a payload carrier or semi-trailer; and at least one vehicle control cab. The vehicle control cab and other additional structures respectively form separate units which are arranged on top of one another in any desired order and are firmly interconnected. The lowermost respective unit may be mounted on the motor-steering unit.

Abstract: An oil separator comprising an elongated horizontally oriented container having an inlet near one end through which an oil-refrigerant vapor mixture can be introduced into the container, the container having outlets near its other end for the separated oil and refrigerant vapor, respectively. A deflector is located within the container in the flow path of the oil-vapor mixture, and there is a demister within the container downstream of the deflector. The bottom of the container constitutes an oil sump, and a partition within the container has an opening in its portion within the sump, the partition carrying the demister at a location above the oil level in the sump. The cross-sectional flow area of the demister is smaller than the surface area of the partition above the oil level. The length of the demister is sufficient to permit oil drops in the oil-vapor mixture to unite with oil clinging to the demister mesh. Two spaced apart demisters may be used.

Abstract: A bus frame including a floor frame and a roof frame, the roof frame including a three-dimensional longitudinally continuous framework occupying at least a portion of the total roof frame width. The three-dimensional framework fits along the corners of the bus formed where the roof and side walls of the bus meet. The outer contour of the framework has the form of a triangular prism, one face of the prism coinciding with the bus roof, and another face coinciding with a bus side wall. The prism-shaped framework is defined in part by a series of triangular transverse members, each member being in a plane normal to the longitudinal centerline of the bus. The diagonally-oriented frame members, which face the interior of the bus, carry retaining elements for holding trim panels.

Abstract: Axle suspension for a road vehicle, particularly a motor bus, including a subframe arranged between the drive wheels and the vehicle body. The subframe encompasses a torsionally flexible, flexurally rigid cross support member having rigidly fastened thereto, in a cranklike manner proximate each end, an axial trailing link. The axial trailing links are pivotably supported on the vehicle body at their free ends, and the wheel bearings of the drive wheels are located at approximately the central region of the axial trailing links. A differential is fastened on the vehicle body.

Abstract: An articulated omnibus having a two-axle leading member, a single-axle trailing member, and an engine aft of the trailing member axle. The forward wheelbase between the front and center axles is approximately equal to the rear wheelbase between the center and rear axles. The front overhang is about 1/6 to 1/7 of the forward wheelbase, and the rear overhang is about 1/2 to 1/3 of the forward wheelbase. Passenger entrances near the front and center axles have thresholds lower than the central portion of the forward member. A driver's seat and compartment are located above the front axle.

Abstract: A cylinder head produced having partially reinforced cylinder heads, particularly of internal combustion engines, providing a preformed workpiece of a predetermined material composition, and casting on said workpiece a material capable of producing a bond with said predetermined material composition for forming a positive connection between said workpiece and said casting material, including a cast portion; and a preformed workpiece positively connected to said cast portion for reinforcing those parts of said cast portion which are highly stressed during use.

Abstract: The temperature of the working gas in the heating chamber of each of a number of cylinders is continuously measured. An electronic selection circuit selects the lowest measured temperature as a control parameter by which the speed of a blower in the common air supply is controlled for providing an air flow proportional to blower speed. A pressure-detecting device measures the air flow through a pressure converter provides an electrical signal that normally controls the valves of the respective fuel supplies for the combustion chambers of the cylinders, but a monitoring device for each cylinder compares the measured working gas temperature with a pre-set maximum value so that when the maximum value is exceeded, the fuel supply valve is changed over to control by the output of the monitoring device, to reduce the fuel supply until the maximum temperature is no longer exceeded in that cylinder.

Abstract: In a device for the treatment of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification, a vertically extending shell is connected to a coal gasification reactor so that the interior of the shell is in direct communication with the interior of the reactor. The interior surface of the shell is lined with upwardly extending heat exchange tubes. Additional heat exchange tubes in combination with the tubes lining the shell form a plurality of upwardly extending chambers projecting radially inwardly from and spaced angularly apart about the tube lining. Tubes coextensive with the heat exchanger tubes forming the lining, are located within the chamber for conveying a cleaning fluid. The tubes are arranged to direct the cleaning fluid approximately tangentially of the heat exchanger tubes lining the shell for cleaning the exterior surfaces of such tubes.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification is provided with a vertical gas distribution chamber which is internally pressurized and within which the synthesis gas leaving the reactor is cooled. The chamber is formed with a gas take-off line which opens into the gas distribution chamber and extends therefrom at an angle, the gas take-off line leading to a serially connected waste heat boiler. A coolant bath is contained in a lower portion of the gas distribution chamber and a heat exchanger is formed in this lower portion by tube coils which are arranged in the wall of the distribution chamber defining the lower portion.

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting solar energy comprises a collector having a solar-energy collector surface. The collector is mounted on a support and is pivotable between an exposed position in which the collector surface faces the sun and a substantially-horizontal sheltered position in which the collector surface faces the earth, thereby protecting the collector surface from the elements and facilitating access thereto for maintenance.

Abstract: Swirl tube or chamber apparatus is provided for separating isotope or gas mixtures of a process gas having heavy and light gas fractions intermixed. This apparatus includes a swirl chamber having feed ports issuing tangentially thereinto for feeding processed gas to be effectively centrifuged in the swirl chamber. Extraction elements are provided for extracting the heavy gas fraction from the outer walls of the swirl chamber and for extracting the light gas fraction from the interior of the cylinder near the longitudinal axis thereof. The swirl chamber is a rotatably support chamber which is symmetrically configured with respect to its center. In particularly preferred embodiments, the process gas fed into the swirl chamber also serves to form a bearing cushion for the container, as well as for imparting driving forces to the container to rotate the same.

Abstract: A fuel injector, for internal combustion engines, having a nozzle needle supported in a nozzle body so as to be axially displaceable therein. The nozzle needle, which can be lifted off its valve seat by the pressure of fuel, has a throttling pin which, at least during part of its lift, projects below the valve seat into a bore centrally arranged in the nozzle body. The throttling pin has at least one control edge or flat portion which is shaped and oriented in such a way that the fuel spray direction and/or the fuel spray characteristic or pattern vary with the nozzle needle lift.