Abstract: In order to prevent the formation of fissures or tears in the walls of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, hardening tracks (4) generated by a carbon dioxide laser, are placed parallel to each other at an angle of inclination (.alpha.) with respect to the axis (3) of the wall of the cylinder or cylinder liner, and spaced from each other by a distance (X) which is greater than twice the distance (k) between the maxima (9, 10) of tension resulting in the operation of the ICE from the edges of the hardening track, thereby satisfying the condition: X is greater than 2.times.k.

Abstract: Each cylinder of a supercharged four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided with a multi-purpose duct which passes from the compressed air manifold to the exhaust manifold and has a short branch within the cylinder head structure leading directly downward to connect with the cylinder where a single valve is provided to admit intake air and pass out exhaust gas. The multi-purpose duct curves around in a part of a spiral above the cylinder near the branching place and enters laterally in the portion of the duct that leads off to the exhaust manifold, so that a relatively high resistance to flow keeps the pressure in the compressed air duct from being unduly diminished while flow of air bypassing the cylinder between the compressed air and the exhaust ducts serves to increase the amount of working gas in the supercharger. The duct is shaped so as to keep very low the resistance to the flow of air into the cylinder and the flow of exhaust gas out of the cylinder.

Abstract: A radiator-fan system, particularly for buses with rear-mounted engines, with the system being fitted with a bevel gear drive and notwithstanding larger dimensions, being accommodated in the restricted space of the engine compartment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A heat exchange element of the air-tube type for a heat exchanger unit. The heat exchange elements are connected via flexible connecting lines with the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, which are separated from the heat exchange elements. Together with these channels, the elements are supported on a support structure which has a relatively large open support interval. The heat exchange elements have a relatively short dimension in the longitudinal direction of the tubes through which the air flows. So that no tension forces occur at the transition surfaces between the elements and the walls of the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, the top and bottom surfaces of the heat exchange elements are curved in a dish-shaped manner.

Abstract: A liquid sealed shaft seal for a rotatable shaft comprises a housing disposed around the shaft and defining a seal chamber which can be supplied with sealing liquid. A seal disc is fixed to the shaft and extends into the chamber. An axially movable piston is mounted on the housing for axial movement toward and away from a side face of the seal disc. The piston is provided with a slide ring which engages the slide disc when the shaft is at a standstill and which, through a circumferentially induced increase in pressure for the sealing liquid in the chamber, is moved axially away from the disc when the shaft and disc rotate. A resilient bellows is connected between the piston and the housing for biasing the piston toward the disc.

Abstract: The pressure container of fiber-reinforced resin having a cylindrical body and domed ends differs from designs proposed so far inasmuch as the reinforcing layer is not on the outside but on the inside of the wall in the form of lining, and is so placed as to overlap transitions between the domed ends and the cylindrical body of the container. This safeguards the transitions against damage by pressure-induced strains. For the production of such a pressure container the reinforcing layer is first produced and the rest of the container wall is formed on top of it.

Abstract: Heat exchangers which, through convection or radiation, are designed to absorb varyingly high energy flow about the circumference of their heat transmission walls. The cross-sectional area of the heat exchanger is subdivided into two or more flow passageways by means of inserts in such a manner, that the temperature differences and thermal stresses in the wall resulting from the high differing energy densities are reduced or even prevented. Achieved hereby is an extensively balanced temperature about the circumference of the heat exchanger wall so as to eliminate injurious thermal stresses.

Abstract: A supporting tube for a conveyor which moves bulk material at a steep angle. The supporting tube has a bottom end which supports a material handling device which is non-rotatable relative to the longitudinal center line of the tube. The supporting tube is further provided with a slit, which extends the full length of the tube, and with one or more linear drive arranged on the tube for displacing the edges of the slit relative to each other.

Abstract: A device for extending flexible power supply lines for mining machines which are guided on a conveyor structure and moved back and forth along a longwall by means of a traction element which includes a coal strand and a return strand extending with an enclosed space comprising a housing secured to the conveyor and enclosing a load strand. A return and a cable channel is alongside the load strand channel, with the flexible supply lines being stored at the ends of the longwall towed along by a mining machine through the cable channel. The housing is secured to the conveyor structure and open at one side, and an idle roller is mounted in the housing in the cable channel. The supply lines are supported on the idle rollers. The mining machine is moved by a traction element and the supply lines bear against the traction element at the open side of the cable channel.

Abstract: A method for bonding molded components to films, sheeting or shaped members, in which the molded element is constituted of a plastic resin and filler, and is bonded to the sheeting or member. The sheeting or film or shaped member, or plurality thereof, and at least one prefinished but not yet hardened molding composition is introduced into a mold and maintained under a processing pressure and temperature for the hardening of the molded components. The preconditioned and still soft molding composition is directly bonded to the sheeting or film or shaped member in that the plastic resin of the molding composition is partially pressed outwardly during the molding operation so as to bond with the sheeting or shaped member, and thereafter cures or hardens.

Abstract: A method of operating a cyclic synthesis gas-ore reduction process comprising supplying a carbonaceous material and preheated oxygen to a synthesis gas reactor to produce a hot synthesis gas, partially cooling said hot synthesis gas by directly passing the same through a regenerator and thereby storing the sensible heat of the hot synthesis gas in said generator. Further cooling said synthesis gas by reheating liquid for a vapor generator, and then reheating said further cooled synthesis gas and supplying it to an ore reduction reactor and generating a reduced product and an off gas. Directing the generated off gas to the synthesis gas reactor via said regenerator to heat the off gas to around 100.degree. C. by transferring said stored heat.

Abstract: A roller guide device enabling a vehicle to be steered automatically consists of a roller retaining mechanism having a retaining lever connected to a steering linkage of a vehicle, and a pivoting lever which is pivotally connected to the forward end of the retaining lever. Arranged at the free end of the pivoting lever is a freely rotatable contact roller which can be pivoted from a retracted position in which the pivoting lever essentially coincides with the retaining lever in the direction of the pivoting shaft, into an operatively extended essentially straight-line position. The pivoting lever additionally rotates as a function of its pivoting motion about its longitudinal axis through about 90.degree., so that retraction and extension of the contact roller by pivoting through 180.degree. is achieved by a primary drive, with the contact roller concurrently rotating through 90.degree. through a secondary drive.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating synthesis gas, such as hydrogen through the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons under heat. In order to reduce the fuel energy losses associated with such chemical processes, the reactors filled with a catalyzer are at least partially heated by the direct or indirect effects of solar energy. The residual products obtained from the chemical process, after separation of the synthesis gas are combusted to heat a reformer furnace containing a second catalyzer. Flue gas heat is utilized for generating steam. The system can be directly connected to an ammonia synthesis system.

Abstract: A selectively absorbent layer for solar collectors, comprising a mixture of chromium oxides resulting from thermal decomposition of chromium hexacarbonyl or substituted chromium carbonyl. The absorbent layer is deposited from a process gas containing the carbonyl gaseous phase, oxygen, and inert carrier gas. An intermediate reflective layer is provided between the absorbent layer and the substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing steels of high purity and low gas content in steel mills and steel foundries comprises melting the steel with the desired alloying components in a ladle, directing an inert gas and oxygen mixture to the ladle with the molten steel to decarburize the steel in at least one phase, and carrying out decarburization, deoxidation and fining in separate operational steps without disturbing the coherence of the entire process cycle. The apparatus for carrying out the method includes a converter for the decarburization of the steel in several phases permitting successively a treatment with an air inert gas oxygen mixture and pure inert gas in gas amounts greatly varying from each other. In addition, a ladle is required for fine-flushing the steel succeeding the converter. The converter mouth advantageously has a mechanism permitting temporary reduction of the converter opening area.

Abstract: A method of hardfacing vertical walls comprises building up a layer of superimposed partly overlapping horizontally extending weld beads by depositing the beads in a submerged arc welding operation using relatively thin welding wires and welding powder which is fed over the weld wire. The welding powder is allowed to accumulate to provide a support for additional powder as welding progresses vertically.

Abstract: A fluid sealed shaft seal has a radial sealing gap formed between radial surfaces of a first seal ring rotating with a shaft, and a second stationary seal ring biased toward the first ring and connected over a packing element to a housing. The stationary seal ring carries at least one sealing fluid supply bore and at least one sealing fluid discharge bore for supplying and discharging sealing fluid to and from the gap, to maintain a gap width. Spiral grooves are provided radially outwardly or radially inwardly of the supply and discharge bores for supplying an auxiliary sealing fluid to establish a high pressure annular area to prevent escape of the sealing fluid from the gap.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tube bend of a metal comprises positioning a base ring in the range of the welding device, using the welding device to deposit a first section of metal on the ring, moving the ring and the welding device through an arc relatively to each other by substantially the thickness of the first section of metal and thereafter depositing a subsequent section over the first section and repeating the moving and the depositing until the desired section thickness is formed into a wall. The device includes means for mounting a plate for pivotal movement and a base ring mounted on the plate for movement therewith below a welding device arranged so that the welding device and the plate remove relatively through an arcuate path so that a series of sections of metal may be built up into a tube bend wall. The welding device advantageously includes an electrode feeder and the apparatus preferably includes a welding device to provide a plating along the side of the wall section which is built up.

Abstract: An improved solar-selective layer and method for producing the same on suitable substrates is discussed. In accordance with this invention, a metal layer is first of all deposited on a suitable substrate of a collector and is then oxidized at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: An air-compressing, direct injection internal combustion engine in which the piston is formed with a combustion chamber in the shape of a solid of revolution and a constricted throat opening, and where mixture formation is predominantly by fuel deposition on the walls of the combustion chamber. The function of the internal combustion engine is proposed to be improved so that, by influencing the squish flow occurring as air in inducted into the combustion chamber, improved performance is obtained, especially in the lower and medium speed ranges of the engine. According to the new proposal, this is essentially achieved by forming the throat opening with an oval cross-section, adopting defined fuel jet directions when injecting the fuel, as well as keeping the location of the fuel discharge point within a defined area.