Abstract: The battery holding device is structurally simplified. It is not necessary to use many parts to form the casing, and the parts used have simple shapes. Accordingly, it is very easy to finish the parts. Also, the parts can be easily assembled. The battery holding device embodying the present invention includes a pair of plate type supports having a first plate type support and a second plate type support, and a projection disposed on at least one of the first and second plate type supports. The first support and the second support are opposed to each other. The projection extends toward the opposed support. The first support and the second support are connected to each other via the projection. A pair of the plate type supports and the projection form a casing. The space is formed by an inner surface of the casing, the casing has a space formed inside the casing, and the casing catches and holds a plurality of batteries arranged in rows in the space.

Abstract: A speaker comprising a magnetic circuit containing at least a magnetic gap, a frame connected to the magnetic circuit, and an integral unit consisting of a ring shaped voice coil bobbin unit which is wound around with coil to be coupled in the magnetic gap, and a diaphragm unit formed in the shape of an inverse letter “U” disposed on an upper edge of the voice coil bobbin unit. This speaker provides enhanced rigidity, a reduction in production/assembly cost, and an improved sound pressure level.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a substrate in a sample solution using an electrode system comprising a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reaction layer which contains at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator and is formed on the electrode system to electrochemically measure a reduced amount of the electron mediator resulting from enzyme reaction in the reaction layer, wherein a third electrode is formed as an interfering substance detecting electrode. A current flowing between the counter electrode and the third electrode is measured which is taken as a positive error. Subsequently, voltage application between the counter electrode and the third electrode is released and a voltage for oxidizing the reduced form electron mediator is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current flowing between the two electrodes.

Abstract: In the first devices, MPU 53 generates random number R1 as challenge data. Random number R3 is generated by first encryption IC 54, and then combined with random number R1, encrypted, and sent to second device 52 as encrypted text C1. When encrypted text C2 is similarly received from second device 52, first encryption IC 54 decrypts C2 and separates the decrypted result into first separated data RR2 and second separated data RR4. The first encryption IC 54 returns the first separated data to second device 52 as response data. MPU 53 compares the first separated data returned from second device 52 with random number R1, and in the event of a match, authenticates second device 52 as a legitimate device. The first encryption IC 54 generates the time-varying data transfer key by combining second separated data RR4 with random number R3, and transfers the digital copyrighted data to second device 52 by using the data transfer key.

Abstract: A liquid crystal module comprises a liquid crystal panel including mutually orthogonal row electrodes and column electrodes and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the electrodes as a display element, a row electrode driving circuit driving the row electrodes of the liquid crystal panel, and a column electrode driving circuit driving the column electrodes. A detecting electrode detects scanning signals applied to the row and column electrodes of the liquid crystal panel by electrically coupling to the electrodes with electrostatic coupling capacity. A coordinate detecting circuit converts the signals obtained from the detecting electrode into row and column coordinates. A correction arithmetic circuit corrects positional differences by using correction parameters of the device which have been obtained from output values of the coordinate detecting circuit beforehand. The display-integrated coordinate input device improves detection precision at the edges of a matrix panel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor is disclosed. The method involves soaking a semiconductor substrate that consists of SiC for ten minutes in a buffered hydrofluoric acid, thereby etching the oxidized film formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. Then, TMA, NH.sub.3, TMG, and hydrogen for carrier are supplied at the rates of 10 .mu.mol/min., 2.5 L/min., and 2 L/min., respectively, to the semiconductor substrate at a temperature of 1090.degree. C. by using MOVPE. A buffer layer that consists of a single crystal AlN and has a thickness of about 15 nm is grown on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. After lowering the temperature to 800.degree. C., TMA, TMG, TMI, and NH.sub.3 are supplied at the rates of 0.2 .mu.mol/min., 2 .mu.mol/min., 20 .mu.mol/min., and 5 L/min., respectively. A single crystal layer which consists of AlGaInN is thus grown on the buffer layer.

Abstract: An electro-absorption optical modulator, where a waveguide length of the absorption layer is denoted by L, a light confinement coefficient thereof is denoted by .GAMMA., and a performance factor of the absorption layer at an applied voltage V to an absorption layer is denoted by K(V), has design parameters selected so that a relationship .vertline.K(V)-.GAMMA..multidot.L.vertline. .ltoreq.0.005 cm is satisfied in a continuous operation range of a quenching ration T.sub.Att. The waveguide length L is preferably optimizrd so as to satisfy K(V).apprxeq..GAMMA..multidot.L in the operation range.

Abstract: A multiplexed audio-video signal transmission system has a camera-equipped intercom which produces a balanced audio-video signal. A twisted pair-wire connected to the intercom transmits a multiplexed signal of audio signal, video signal modulated to a frequency band not overlapping the audio signal frequency, and DC power. The audio signal and video signal are carried in the pair-wire in opposite phase in a balanced condition, and the DC power is carried between the pair-wire. A relay device is inserted in the pair-wire to refine the video signal. Main line branching device and door branching device are provided to branch out the multiplexed signal to a television equipped control unit 17.

Abstract: The electronic component of the present invention includes: an element having an internal electrode therein; an external electrode formed on an end portion of the element where an end face of the internal electrode is exposed; and a protection layer formed on the entire surface of the element except for the end portion of the element, wherein the protection layer is made of a metal oxide.

Abstract: In an inverter apparatus for air conditioner for converting DC voltage supplied from a DC power source into pseudo AC voltage of variable voltage and variable frequency by means of pulse-width modulation, a control circuit varies pulse-widths of the pseudo AC voltage in response to degree of rise/drop of the DC voltage from the nominal DC voltage; and when the voltage has an insufficient value to obtain the frequency-voltage characteristic, the control circuit controls switching devices to issue a maximum AC voltage obtained by the present DC voltage independent of frequency.

Abstract: A positioning system has a position measuring mode and a simulated navigation mode. In the position measuring mode, the system measures an actual position of a movable body. On the other hand, in the simulated navigation mode, a simulated position of the movable body is derived using a determined route to be traveled by the movable body. The system derives the simulated position of the movable body as a position which moves along the determined route at a given speed. The system displays the derived simulated position of the movable body at a center of a display screen, along with a corresponding map and the determined route in a superimposed fashion. Accordingly, the system automatically scrolls the corresponding map and route at a given speed, with the derived simulated position of the movable body being constantly displayed at the center of the display screen.

Abstract: A light-receiving module includes: a pigtail optical fiber including a core portion for transmitting an optical signal and a cladding portion covering a side face of the core portion; an optical connector provided at a first end of the pigtail optical fiber for optically connecting a transmitting optical fiber with the end of the pigtail optical fiber; a light-receiving device having a light-receiving face for receiving the optical signal propagating through the core portion and for converting the optical signal into an electric signal; an optical coupling system for converging the optical signal emitted from a second end of the pigtail optical fiber onto the light-receiving face of the light-receiving device; and means for preventing light propagating through the cladding portion from reaching the light-receiving face of the light-receiving device so that the optical signal propagating through the core portion does not interfere with the light propagating through the cladding portion on the light-receiving f

Abstract: A timing recovering apparatus comprises an equalizer for equalizing a digital data signal subjected to interleaved NRZI such that the digital data signal has partial response (1, 0, -1), two comparators for comparing the equalized data signal with two different reference levels, two phase comparing portions for detecting phase difference between the outputs of the comparators and a reproduced clock signal separately, an adder for summing the outputs of the phase comparators, and a VCO for generating the reproduce clock signal in accordance with the output of the adder. This timing recovering apparatus performs phase comparing with two different phase comparators and PLL control is performed on the sum of the outputs of the two different phase comparators, so that the clock signal is not affected by data pattern of the data signal.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus includes a photodetector divided into eight segments which receive the laser beam reflected from the optical disk and produce signals based on the laser beam sport thereon. In this apparatus, these eight segments are combined in several patterns for the recorded information reproduction, the tracking error detection, and the focus error detection, respectively. For the recorded information reproduction, eight segments are used as combined in three segment cells RC1, RC2, and RC3 which extend in a direction parallel to each other such that the segment cell RC1 is in center and is sandwitched by other segment cell RC2 and RC3. The segment cells RC1, RC2, and RC3 are located perpendicular to the recording track of the optical disk and produce three signals C, R, and L indicative of the laser beam intensity of the laser beam spot thereon, respectively. Thus obtained signals C is multiplied by a constant K and then added to the other signals R and L.

Abstract: A second harmonic generation device has a waveguide layer for generating and outputting a second harmonic wave ray in response to the laser light from a laser, wherein the returning of reflected laser light from the waveguide layer to a laser is prevented. The returning of reflected laser light is prevented: by inclining a normal of at least one of a first and second end facets of the waveguide layer from an optical axis of the laser; by providing an absorbing layer on the waveguide layer for absorbing waveguided laser light and for waveguiding the generated second harmonic wave ray; or by providing a second waveguide layer for waveguiding and outputting the generated second harmonic wave ray and for radiating the waveguided laser light. The absorbing layer is provided by a blue filter adhered or deposited on the top surface of the waveguide layer. The second waveguide layer is provided by making the second waveguide layer more narrow that the waveguide layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is an ultrasonic motor in which at least fluorocarbon polymer is present on the contact surface of at least either of the rotor or the stator. Since the fluorocarbon polymer provides a smooth contact surface, the ultrasonic motor generates no noise and produces a stable starting torque and holding torque. In addition, it has a long life with a minimum of wear.

Abstract: Anisotropic conductive material is employed instead of solder for connecting between the terminal of a component and a printed circuit board. In addition to the printed circuit board, a printed circuit sheet is provided and the terminal of the component is sandwiched between both anisotropic materials on the printed circuit board and beneath the printed circuit sheet. From both outside surfaces of the printed circuit board and the sheet, heat and pressure are simultaneously applied to the terminal part (i.e. thermocompression bonding).

Abstract: A target moving distance of an actuator is provided and a acceleration time of the actuator suitable for the target moving distance are calculated on the basis of a preset equation. Then, a starting position of the actuator is set. It is judged if the starting position is in the range where an unevenness of force of the actuator occurs. When the starting position is not in the range, the actuator is shifted to the starting position and then is accelerated for the acceleration time. On the other hand, when the starting position is in the range, a correction time to the acceleration time is obtained based on a fuzzy inference calculation and added to the acceleration time. The actuator is shifted to the starting position and accelerated for a corrected acceleration time which is obtained by the fuzzy inference calculation.

Abstract: A tracking error detecting circuit in which tracking error detecting pilot signals having different frequencies are added to a main signal every track and recorded onto a magnetic recording medium, and upon reproduction, reproduction output levels of the pilot signals reproduced as crosstalks from both of adjacent tracks are compared, and a tracking error is detected. n signals having the same frequencies as those of the pilot signals and whose phases are different are generated and multiplied to the reproduction signal. Unnecessary components are eliminated by n LPFs (Lowpass filters). The amplitude values of the reproduced pilot signals are vector separated and detected. Further, the vector separated amplitude values are vector synthesized and detected. Therefore, by multiplying the signals having the same frequencies as those of the pilot signals, the synchronous detection is performed.