Abstract: Micromachined gyroscopes, such as those based upon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have the potential to dominate the rate-sensor market mainly due to their small size, low power and low cost. As MEMS gyroscopes are resonant devices requiring active excitation it would be beneficial to improve the resonator Q-factor reducing the electrical drive power requirements for the excitation circuitry. Further, many prior art MEMS gyroscope designs have multiple resonances arising from design and manufacturing considerations which require additional frequency tuning and control circuitry together with the excitation/sense circuitry. It would therefore be beneficial to enhance the bandwidth of the resonators to remove the requirement for such circuitry. Further, to address the relatively large dimensions of MEMS gyroscopes it would be beneficial for the MEMS gyroscopes to be fabricated directly above the CMOS electronics thereby reducing the die dimensions and lowering per die cost.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel compounds having vitamin D receptor agonist and histone deacetylase inhibitory efficacy as well as methods for reducing or inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells or for treating cancer.

Abstract: A novel gene (EPM2A) that is deleted or mutated in people with Lafora's disease is described. The EPM2A gene encodes a protein having an active catalytic site of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Many different sequence mutations as well as several microdeletions in EPM2A have been found that co-segregate with Lafora's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic green tea derived polyphenolic compounds, their modes of syntheses, and their use in inhibiting proteasomal activity and in treating cancers. The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful in methods of inhibiting proteasomes and of treating cancers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting target chemicals are disclosed. A system includes a chemical sensor configured to filter light. The chemical sensor includes a referencing arm configured to output light at a first intensity level and a sensing arm sensitive to a target chemical. The sensing arm is configured to output light at a second intensity level. A difference between the first intensity level and the second intensity level indicates a presence of the target chemical.

Abstract: Cryogenic electronics based upon semiconductive devices, superconductive devices, or a combination of the two present opportunities for a wide variety of novel, fast, and low power devices. However, such cryogenic electronics require cooling which is typically achieved through fluid refrigerants such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Solid state refrigeration based upon adiabatic demagnetization in paramagnetic salts offers one alternative but requires that the solid state cooler and cryogenic electronic circuits be different physical elements. The inventors present solid state cooling for semiconductor materials including but not limited to silicon. Beneficially active electronic devices can be integrated monolithically with solid state semiconductor coolers exhibiting magnetic cooling within the whole substrate or predetermined regions of the substrate. Alternatively, active devices may be formed with semiconductor layers integral to them that exhibit magnetic cooling.

Abstract: A soil analysis apparatus includes at least one sensor element for measuring a property of the soil; a blade assembly having at least one blade and being displaceable between a raised position and an excavation position, the at least one blade being operable to excavate the soil at a test location when the blade assembly is in the excavation position, the blade assembly being further operable to enter a sensor permitting configuration; and a first actuator operable to displace the at least one sensor element between an initial position and a sensing position along a sensor displacement path, the sensor element being proximate the soil at the test location when in the sensing position.

Abstract: A flue gas treatment apparatus has a flue gas inlet, a treated gas outlet downstream of the flue gas inlet, and a gas flow path therebetween. The flue gas treatment apparatus comprises a particulate removal device. A first heater is downstream of the particulate removal device. The first heater heats the flue gas to a first treatment temperature. A first catalytic converter is downstream of the first heater for eliminating at least some CO and SO2 from the flue gas. A second heater is downstream of the first catalytic converter for heating the flue gas to a second treatment temperature. A second catalytic converter is downstream of the second heater for eliminating at least some NOx from the flue gas. At least a first fan forces the flue gas from the flue gas inlet to the treated gas outlet.

Abstract: Semiconductor micro- and nanotubes allow the incorporation of ordered structures such as quantum wells and quantum dots into them providing the potential for ultralow threshold micro- and nanoscale lasers for use in applications such as future ultrahigh-speed photonic systems as well as quantum information processing. According to the invention a means of manufacturing these with high reproducibility, low processing complexity, and at high densities is provided. Also provided is a means of releasing these micro- and nanotubes with low stress and a method of “pick-and-place” allowing micro- and nanotubes to be exploited in devices integrated on substrates that are either incompatible with the manufacturing technique or where the area of substrate required to manufacture them is detrimental to the cost or performance of the circuit.

Abstract: A novel gene (EPM2A) that is deleted or mutated in people with Lafora's disease is described. The EPM2A gene encodes a protein having an active catalytic site of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Many different sequence mutations as well as several microdeletions in EPM2A have been found that co-segregate with Lafora's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel peptides that can modulate the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R1a and sub-types, isoforms and variants thereof). These peptides are useful as antagonists of the ghrelin receptor as well as inverse agonist, partial agonist or a combination of these activities as medicaments for treatment and prevention of a range of medical conditions including, but not limited to, metabolic and/or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and obesity-associated disorders, diabetes, central nervous system disorders, genetic disorders, and hyperpro-liferative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, compositions containing same and methods for inhibiting human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase or for the treatment or prevention of disease conditions using said compounds;

Abstract: A method of reducing tumor cell growth, the method including administering an effective amount of a compound having the formula:

Abstract: Broadband access networks are driving the upgrade of DWDM networks from 10 Gb/s per channel to more spectrally-efficient 40 Gb/s or 100 Gb/s. Signal quality degradation due to linear and non-linear impairments are significant and error control coding and signal processing solutions play increasingly key roles in meeting increasing demand, providing improved quality of service, and reduced cost. It would be beneficial to reduce the power consumption of optical receivers for optical links exploiting for example LPDC encoding. Accordingly, the inventors have established a low complexity soft-decision front-end compatible with deployable LDPC codes in next-generation optical transmission systems. Beneficially the optical receiver design can be retro-fitted into deployed hard-decision based optical systems and replaces the 3-to-2 encoder of the prior art in the electrical portion of the receiver with a single gate design. Further, the design may act as a 2-bit Flash ADC in multimode fiber based optical receivers.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds, methods, uses, compositions, combinations, kits and packages for the prevention and/or treatment of parasite infection (e.g., Plasmodium parasites) and/or disease (e.g., malaria) based on uses of (a) cystamine, cysteamine, and analogs, derivatives, prodrugs, precursors thereof; an agent capable of inducing their production; and/or salts thereof, and (b) artemisinin and functional derivative, analog, conjugate, metabolite, prodrug or precursor thereof, and/or salts thereof.

Abstract: A technique for separating components of a microfluid, comprises a self-intersecting micro or nano-fluidic channel defining a cyclic path for circulating the fluid over a receiving surface of a fluid component separating member; and equipment for applying coordinated pressure to the channel at a plurality of pressure control areas along the cyclic path to circulate the fluid over the receiving surface, applying a pressure to encourage a desired transmission through the separating member, and a circulating pressure to remove surface obstructions on the separating member. The equipment preferably defines a peristaltic pump. Turbulent microfluidic flow appears to be produced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to RNA monomers comprising O-acetal levulinyl protecting groups at the 2? and/or the 5?-hydroxy functionalities of the ribose moiety. Said monomers may be incorporated into oligoribonucleotides or RNA polynucleotides. Furthermore, the invention is directed to methods for the synthesis of said RNA monomers, oligoribonucleotides and RNA polynucleotides, as well as methods for their deprotection and methods for the use of said compounds and compositions comprising said compounds. In particular, such compounds and compositions comprising them are used in methods for light-directed synthesis of RNA microarrays.

Abstract: Solid state sources offers potential advantages including high brightness, electricity savings, long lifetime, and higher color rendering capability, when compared to incandescent and fluorescent light sources. To date however, many of these advantages, however, have not been borne out in providing white LED lamps for general lighting applications. The inventors have established that surface recombination through non-radiative processes results in highly inefficient electrical injection. Exploiting in-situ grown shells in combination with dot-in-a-wire LED structures to overcome this limitation through the effective lateral confinement offered by the shell the inventors have demonstrated core-shell dot-in-a-wire LEDs, with significantly improved electrical injection efficiency and output power, providing phosphor-free InGaN/GaN nanowire white LEDs operating with milliwatt output power and color rendering indices of 95-98.

Abstract: Amongst the candidates for very high efficiency electronics, solid state light sources, photovoltaics, and photoelectrochemical devices, and photobiological devices are those based upon metal-nitride nanowires. Enhanced nanowire performance typically require heterostructures, quantum dots, etc which requirement that these structures are grown with relatively few defects and in a controllable reproducible manner. Additionally flexibility according to the device design requires that the nanowire at the substrate may be either InN or GaN. Methods of growing relatively defect free nanowires and associated structures for group IIIA-nitrides are presented without the requirement for foreign metal catalysts, overcoming the non-uniform growth of prior art techniques and allowing self-organizing quantum dot, quantum well and quantum dot-in-a-dot structures to be formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, compositions containing same and methods for inhibiting human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase or for the treatment or prevention of disease conditions using said compounds;