Abstract: Liquid crystalline media comprising a dielectrically positive component A, comprising compounds of formula I wherein the parameters have the meanings given herein, are suitable for use in liquid crystal displays, especially to active matrix displays and in particular IPS displays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of general formula (I) and one or more compounds of general formula (I*) in which R, R1*, R2*, A1, Z1, Y, L, L1*, L2*, m, x and y are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises at least one compound of the formula I in which R11, R12, A1, Z1, ring A and m are as defined in claim 1, and to the use thereof for an active matrix display based on the ECB or IPS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds having at least one —CF2O— bridge in the molecule, which comprises initially reacting a bis(alkylthio)carbenium salt with a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of a base followed by oxidative fluorination, preferably in situ, with a fluorinating agent and an oxidizing agent to form the compound having at least one —CF2O— bridge in the molecule.

Abstract: To provide a high-chromatic flaky pigment with good colorability, and to provide a method for producing the flaky pigment in a simple and inexpensive plant. A high-chromatic flaky pigment of which the entire surface of the flaky substrate coated with a metal oxide having an interference color is further coated with a semi-transparent thin metal film to enhance the interference color of the pigment.

Abstract: Process for the production of hydrophobic layers on optical substrates which have an alkaline earth metal fluoride or alkali metal fluoride layer as the outermost layer or consist of alkaline earth metal fluorides or alkali metal fluorides, by thermal vapor deposition with polyfluorohydrocarbons in a high vacuum.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, A1, A2, A3, A4, Z1, Z2, a, b and c are as defined in claim 1, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least compound of the formula I and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: Thienopyrimidines of the formula (I) and their physiologically acceptable salts, in which R1, R2 and X are as defined in claim 1, exhibit phosphodiesterase V inhibition and can be employed for the treatment of illnesses of the cardiovascular system and for the treatment and/or therapy of impotence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal electro-optical switching member that comprises at least one polariser and a liquid crystal layer having an initial orientation in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented so as to be essentially parallel to the substrates and to each other. The change of orientation of the liquid crystals, from their initial orientation that is substantially parallel to the substrates, is induced by a corresponding electric field which is oriented so as to be practically parallel to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy and so as to be practically perpendicular to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal layer has an optical delay [(d&Dgr;n) LC?] of between 0.06 and 0.43 &mgr;m. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display system that comprises said liquid crystal switching members.

Abstract: Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines of the formula I and their physiologically acceptable salts, in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and X have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, exhibit phosphodiesterase V inhibition and can be employed for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system and for the treatment and/or therapy of potency disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigment mixtures consisting of at least two components, component A being SiO2 flakes coated with one or more metal oxides and/or metals and component B being special-effect pigments, and to their use in varnishes, paints, printing inks, masterbatches, plastics and cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: A naturally occurring protein isolated from the saliva of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is described which strongly binds to collagen thus acting as an inhibitor of natural platelet adhesion to collagen. The protein has a molecular weight of about 12,000, an acidic isoelectric point and contains six cysteins. The protein was sequenced and the gene was cloned from a H. medicinalis cDNA-library. Procedures for producing such polypeptide by recombinant techniques are disclosed. The recombinant and the natural occurring proteins are potent inhibitors of collagen-dependent platelet adhesion and therefore useful for the therapeutic treatment of various conditions related to heart disease and diseases of the circulation system. Furthermore, the protein is useful for coating natural or artificial collagen surfaces in order to render them nonadhesive for cells and prevent the activation of cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lyophilisates having an improved dissolution rate which can be reconstituted in a particle-free manner, which is achieved by re-warming the solutions already drawn off to from 30° to 95° C. directly in the freeze drier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent medium comprising multilayer pigments having angle-selective reflection or transmission properties and/or absorption properties, and to their use, in particular in transparent thermal insulation systems (TTIs).

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy, which contains at least one compound of formula I wherein R1 and R2 are independently of each other an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group with 1 to 12 C atoms, it also being possible for one or more CH2 groups in these radicals to be replaced, in each case independently of one another, by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO— or —COO— in such a manner that oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another, Z is OCH2 or CH2O, and m is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium of positive dielectric anisotropy suitable for use in an electro-optical liquid-crystal display having a realignment layer, for realigning the liquid crystals, whose field has a component parallel to the liquid-crystal layer which is crucial for the realignment, comprises at least one mesogenic compound and at least one compound of the formula I in which the substituents are as defined herein.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline media comprising a dielectrically positive component, component A, containing dielectrically positive compounds, comprising one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formula II and one or more dielectrically neutral compounds of formula IVb wherein the parameters have the meaning defined therein; and wherein two of the 6-membered rings in formula IVb may optionally be linked by an group selected from —CH2—CH2—, —CF2—CF2—, —CF2—O—, —O—CF2— and —CO—O— are sutiable for use in liquid crystal displays, especially active matrix displays.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 5-(1-piperazinyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide in which, as intermediate step, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde or one of its derivatives is reacted in a transition metal-catalysed amination with R2-piperazine, in which R2 is as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to new conjugated mono-, oligo- and poly(3-alkynylthiophenes). The invention further relates to methods for their preparation, their use as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors, electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices. The invention further relates to field effect transistors and semiconducting components comprising the new mono-, oligo- and polymers.