Abstract: A pneumatic tire tread that maintains a good level of water drainage performance up to the final stage of wear of a tread part formed with a plurality of flexible fences which are disposed inside at least one main groove extending from the bottom surface of the main groove and obstructing at least 70% of the cross-sectional area of the main groove, the flexible fences comprising an inside portion having a connecting part which is connected to the main groove, and an outside portion which is radially outside a predetermined height D1 from the bottom surface of the main groove, and the average angle of inclination of the inside portion with respect to a line perpendicular to the surface of the tread part in contact with the road surface is greater than the average angle of inclination of the outside portion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising a step for conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a step for the extraction of butadiene, a step for scrubbing gaseous by-products with water, a step for eliminating impurities and brown oils, a step for treating effluents, a first butadiene purification step, and a subsequent butadiene purification step, said ethanol feed being supplied to said butadiene extraction step, the arrangement of the steps and recycles allowing the recycles to be maximized and allowing the water and energy consumption to be minimized.

Abstract: A tread made of rubber material for a snow tire having a tread surface intended to be in contact with a road surface when the tire is being driven on, and provided with a plurality of cuts delimited by walls situated facing one another and forming lateral walls of raised elements of the tread. Each lateral wall intersects the tread surface to form an edge corner. At least one lateral wall of a raised element is formed partially or fully by a cover layer extending from the edge corner associated with this lateral wall, of a material having an elastic modulus higher than that of the rubber material of the tread. The raised element has a depression in its lateral wall, delimited by the cover layer. The raised element moreover has a width W and the depth P of the depression is at least equal to 10% of the width W of the element and less than or equal to 40% of this width W. Finally the volume of the depression is less than 10% of the volume of the raised element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements the ends of which are radially uncoupled by a polymer compound. According to the invention, the reinforcing elements of at least one working crown layer are metal cords with saturated layers, at least one internal layer being sheathed with a layer consisting of a polymer composition such as a rubber composition and in each of the shoulders of the tire, at least the uncoupling polymer compound in contact with the ends of at least two working crown layers exhibits, in the sorption test, a gas content lower than 0.06 m3STP/m3ML.

Abstract: A continuous method for synthesizing a diene elastomer includes modifying the diene elastomer in a functionalizing device by: a kinetic model according to which the ratio of the rate constants is greater than 1, and a flow represented by a residence time distribution in the functionalizing device that is expressed according to equations 1 or 3: (i) in a functionalizing device having at least one tubular continuous reactor or having at least one cascade of at least two stirred reactors, E 1 ? ( t ) = 1 2 ? ( P ?? 1 ? t ) 1 2 ? e - P ? ( ? 1 - t ) 2 4 ? ? 1 ? t Eq ? ? 1 (ii) in a functionalizing device that is a combination of the device (i) and of a device having at least one continuous stirred reactor, having a residence time distribution characterized by the following equation: E 2 ? ( t ) = e ( - t ? 2 ) ? 2 Eq ? ? 2 the device (ii) having a residence time distribution characterized by the

Abstract: A tread having a plurality of grooves formed on each half of the tread on each side of a midplane X-X?, each opening axially to the outside and extending axially towards the midplane X-X? so that the plurality of grooves forms a first pattern in the overall shape of a V pointing in a groove direction Xr. The tread includes a plurality of sipes. From a certain degree of wear onwards, all or some of the sipes become enlarged forming cavities extending in an oblique direction forming a second pattern in the overall shape of a V pointing in a cavity direction Xc. Each of these cavities opens into just one of the grooves of the tread, the plurality of grooves forming, at this level of wear, the same first pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the endurance of the beads of a radial tire for a heavy vehicle of construction plant type by reducing the cracking that starts on the axially outer face of the turn-up and spreads through the polymer coating and filler materials. According to the invention, a transition element made of a polymer transition material, is in contact, via its axially inner face, with the polymer coating material of the axially outer face of the turn-up and, via its axially outer face, with the polymer filler material, and the elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the polymer transition material is somewhere between the respective elastic moduluses at 10% elongation of the polymer coating material and of the polymer filler material.

Abstract: A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement, composed of at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements, the said tire comprising a crown reinforcement, itself topped radially by a tread, the said tread being joined to two beads via two sidewalls. The metal reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cords exhibiting, in the “permeability” test, a flow rate of less than 20 cm3/min and at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement is provided, on at least one face, with textile threads exhibiting, in the “permeability” test, a flow rate of between 1 and 3 cm3/min.

Abstract: A collapsible tire for a passenger vehicle, comprising at least one carcass reinforcement optionally associated with an inextensible crown reinforcement, itself radially on the inside of a tread, two beads and two sidewalls, said beads comprising at least one inextensible circumferential reinforcing element called a bead wire, said bead wire defining, when free of any stress, a mean line forming a substantially circular closed curve in a circumferential plane, wherein the invention is characterized in that the bead wire of each bead is flexible, wherein after the tire has been collapsed, the mean line of the bead wire simultaneously defines a first curvature, and a second curvature, the first and second curvatures being connected together by a third connecting curvature, the projection of said first, second and third curvatures of the collapsed tire onto an axial plane defining the two-dimensional envelope by way of a total perimeter P of less than or equal to [3×(2H+A)], H being the height of the sidewall an

Abstract: Tread for heavy vehicle tire, this tread having a tread surface in the new state, this tread comprising a plurality of cuts opening onto the tread surface in the new state and at least one channel internal to the tread, this channel being intended to form a new groove after the tread has partially worn away, furthermore, each channel is extended radially towards the tread surface by a sipe of the same orientation as said channel and of width L4, and in addition a plurality of sipes of width L3 intersect the sipe extending each channel to form a well, this well opening both onto the tread surface in the new state and into a channel, the tread according to the invention being such that, for at least for a plurality of wells (each well has—in a direction extending from the tread surface towards the channel, at least one maximum-section part and one reduced-section part, the reduced-section part having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the maximum-section part so as to limit the ingr

Abstract: Tire tread configured to reduce tread wear due to non-zero toe angle alignment and road crown, wherein the tire tread includes intermediate tread elements (28i) having first and second lateral sides (32A, 32B), the first lateral side (32A) extending in a direction of the tread thickness by a first lateral side angle (?A) relative to a radial reference direction and the second lateral side (32B) extending in a direction of the tread thickness by a second lateral side angle (?B) relative to a radial reference direction, whereby the tread is characterized in that the average lateral side angle equaling the average angle of all of the first and second lateral side angles for all of the plurality of intermediate tread elements along the length of the tread greater than 3 degrees or less than ?3 degrees