Abstract: A wavelength conversion apparatus includes: multiplexer that multiplexes pumped light and signal light; wavelength conversion element that wavelength-converts linearly polarized light components in x direction with respect to the pumped light and the signal light, and generates output light polarized in x direction; and light circulator that allows the light of the multiplexer to be output to the wavelength conversion element and allow the light from the wavelength conversion element to be output to the port; reflecting mirror; and Faraday rotator that makes a polarization direction difference of 90 degrees between light traveling from the wavelength conversion element to the reflecting mirror and light reflected at the reflecting mirror so as to return to the wavelength conversion element. Intensity IL of the output light does not depend on the incident polarization angle &phgr; of the signal light &lgr;s and is constant.

Abstract: The crosslinkable rubber composition is crosslinkable at room temperature, has a gelation time at room temperature of 30 days or less, and can prepare a crosslinked rubber sheet by crosslinking the composition at room temperature, wherein the crosslinked rubber sheet has a tensile elongation of 20% or more, and is free of cracks after treatment at 40° C. in a 50 pphm ozone concentration for 96 hr. Specifically, it comprises an ethylene/&agr;-olefin/non-conjugated polyene random copolymer rubber comprising a norbornene compound having a specific vinyl end group, an SiH group-containing compound, which has at least two SiH groups in one molecule, and optionally a platinum catalyst, a reaction inhibitor and/or a silane-coupling agent. The sealing, potting and coating materials and adhesives of the present invention comprise the above rubber composition.

Abstract: An economical and industrial method for the dehydrogenation of triisopropyl benzene can be provided by carrying out the reaction employing a solid catalyst having an iron compound and potassium compound as major components or an iron compound, potassium compound, and magnesium compound as major components, as a dehydrogenating catalyst for producing diisopropyl isopropenyl benzene, isopropyl diisopropenyl benzene and/or triisopropenyl benzene from triisopropyl benzene. In the dehydrogenation of triisopropyl benzene or diisopropyl benzene, by carrying out an off-and-on reaction in which the above described solid catalyst is employed and with which a regeneration period with steam or oxygen or air is provided, an economical and industrial dehydrogenation method having an extended life of the catalyst can be provided and will have an industrial superiority.

Abstract: A heat resistance resin composition having superb low-temperature adhesiveness and a polyimide/metal laminate which is superior in solder heat resistance and hardly generates swelling when forming a Au—Sn bond or Au—Au bond, which are used for lead-free soldering and COF packaging.

Abstract: The aromatic diamine compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1), and from the aromatic diamine compound a polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (4), which has low-temperature adherability, can be obtained. In the formulas (1) and (4), n is an integer of 3 to 7, each R is independently an atom or a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group, the same or different two hetero atoms selected from nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms bonded to each benzene ring are at the ortho- or meta-positions to each other on at least one benzene ring, and when n is 3, the hetero atoms are at the ortho- or meta-positions to each other on all the benzene rings. In the formula (4), Y is a tetravalent organic group.

Abstract: In a process where an ortho-alkylnitrobenzene derivative and a vinyl compound as starting materials are used to prepare a 1,5-diaminonaphthalene derivative via a 4-(2-nitrobenzene)propane derivative and a 5-nitro-1-tetralone derivative, the ortho-alkylnitrobenzene derivative and a vinyl compound having an electron withdrawing group such as an acrylonitrile derivative and an acrylate may be reacted in the presence of a base to provide an aromatic nitro compound. An aromatic nitro compound such as 4-(2-nitrobenzene)butanonitrile thus obtained may be cyclized to safely, cost-effectively and selectively provide a 5-nitro-1-tetralone derivative without forming any isomer. Furthermore, from the 5-nitro-1-tetralone derivative, a 1,5-diaminonaphthalene derivative may be prepared without forming any isomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner composition for electrophotography, used for development of electrostatic image in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, etc., as well as to a process for producing such a toner composition. The toner composition of the present invention comprises a binder resin component [component (A)] and a coloring agent component [component (B)], wherein the binder resin component [component (A)] comprises a particular crosslinked aromatic polyester resin component [component (a-1)] and a particular linear aromatic polyester resin component [component (a-2)] and the proportions of the component (a-1) and the component (a-2) are 5 to 80% by weight [the component (a-1)] and 20 to 95% by weight [the component (a-2)] based on the total weight of the two components.

Abstract: The invention is a polyimide, random copolymer having repeating units of the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each represent a divalent group selected from and R1 and R2 may be the same or different; and x=0.60 to 0.80, y+z=0.40 to 0.20, and x+y+z=1.00, and a linear expansion coefficient at 100 to 200° C. is in the range of from 10 to 20 ppm/K. This is a useful polyimide that can be a polyimide circuit substrate material capable of keeping flat, neither shrinking nor expanding in its laminate.

Abstract: A resin composition for toners which comprises: (A) a wax composition comprising an ethylene polymer having a melt index of from 0.1 to 100 as measured at 190±0.4° C. and a paraffin wax having a melting point of from 70° C. to 120° C. or a Fisher-Tropsch wax having a melting point of from 70° C. to 120° C.; and (B) a binder resin for toners.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide a protecting method for a semiconductor wafer which can prevent breakage of a semiconductor wafer even when a semiconductor wafer is thinned to a thickness of 200 &mgr;m or less, and a surface protecting adhesive film for a semiconductor wafer used in the protecting method.

Abstract: A soluble lubricating surface-treated stainless steel sheet with excellent shapability for fuel tanks, comprising a substrate having on both surfaces or one surface thereof a soluble lubricating resin film. Preferably, the soluble lubricating resin film mainly comprises (A) an alkali-soluble polyurethane resin composition containing a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group within the molecule and having a glass transition point of 100° C. or more as a dry film and (B) a lubricating function-imparting agent in an amount of from 1 to 30% by mass based on the polyurethane composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a nitrile hydratase activation protein participating in activation of nitrile hydratase derived from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095, and a gene sequence encoding the same. Further, the invention provides a recombinant plasmid containing the gene, a recombinant plasmid containing the gene and a nitrile hydratase gene, a transformant strain obtained through transformation with the recombinant plasmid, and a process for producing a corresponding amide compound from a nitrile compound using a culture solution and cells obtained by incubating the transformant strain and treated products of the cells.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a foamed article of a thermoplastic resin composition having a relatively thicker solid skin layer exhibiting better appearance without occurrence of a swirl mark and having a foam structure of relatively uniform foam cell size with better foam cell configuration, which is light-weighing and superior in stiffness, in an easy and efficient manner, by causing the resin composition to foam up in a cavity of a mold.

Abstract: The aromatic diamine compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1), and from the aromatic diamine compound a polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (4), which has low-temperature adherability, can be obtained.

Abstract: A pattern can be precisely formed by irradiating, with an active energy beam, a positive sensitive resin composition according to this invention comprising a base polymer, an ether-bond-containing olefinic unsaturated compound and an acid-generating agent, where the base polymer is a copolymer comprising the structural units represented by formulas (1) to (3): 1

Abstract: For providing an inkjet recording sheet with excellent gloss, ink absorbency, color density, water resistance, light resistance and anti-yellowing property, as well as a process for manufacturing the recording sheet, this invention provides an inkjet recording sheet comprising at least one layer containing a cationic particulate organic component on a sheet support, wherein the layer containing the cationic particulate organic component comprises a void-forming component consisting of a cationic particulate organic component which is made of a particular (co)polymer and which is endowed with a cationic function.

Abstract: A sealant for a liquid crystal display cell which has a water absorption coefficient of 2 mass % or less, and a composition for a liquid crystal display cell sealant comprising an epoxy resin (1), a curing agent (2) comprising at least one selected from polyphenol compounds, polyphenol resins and esterified products thereof and a curing accelerator (3) comprising at least one selected from alkylurea derivatives and phosphazene compounds. A liquid crystal display element produced by using the composition is capable of securing long time display (quality) stability under high temperature and high humidity.

Abstract: A printed circuit heater and process for forming a printed circuit heater are described. The printed circuit heater is formed by depositing a thin metal layer onto a surface of a metal carrier foil, forming a composite. The thin metal layer has a thickness of about 0.1 &mgr;m to about 2 &mgr;m. The composite is attached to a substrate such that the thin metal layer is in contact with the substrate, forming a laminate. At least a portion of the metal carrier foil is selectively removed from portions of the laminate. The thin metal layer is patterned and etched such that the etched thin metal layer has a heat density of from about 0.5 watts/in2 to about 20 watts/in2 at working voltages from about 3 volts to about 600 volts. The remaining portions of the metal carrier foil, if any, can be selectively removed to thereby provide low resistance busses within the circuit, thus eliminating the need for multiple external connections, and to facilitate evenness of heat distribution.

Abstract: An olefin thermoplastic elastomer composition comprises a crystalline polyolefin resin (A) and an ethylene/&agr;-olefin/nonconjugated polyene copolymer rubber (B), and optionally a softener (C) and/or an inorganic filler (D), in a specific ratio. The copolymer rubber (B) is prepared by the use of a metallocene catalyst and comprises ethylene, an &agr;-olefin of 3 to 20 carbon atoms and a nonconjugated polyene. This composition ca provide molded products of more excellent tensile strength, elongation at break, elastomeric properties (elongation set, permanent compression set, etc.), heat resistance and low-temperature properties than the conventional non-crosslinked olefin thermoplastic elastomers, even if the composition is in the non-crosslinked form. The composition in the partially or completely crosslinked form can provided molded products of more excellent low-temperature properties, tensile strength, elongation at break and elastomeric properties than the conventional vulcanized rubbers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomer composition which includes and comprises 10 to 60 parts by weight of a polyolefin (A), 30 to 87 parts by weight of a crosslinked rubber (B), 3 to 50 parts by weight of a softening agent (C) [the total amount of (A), (B) and (C) being 100 parts by weight] and 0.02 to 0.3 part by weight of a phenolic heat stabilizer (D) and which retains an elongation value at break by 80% or more, after aging for 500 hours in an air oven of 130° C., of the value before the aging; and relates to a manufacturing method thereof.