Abstract: A method of producing an alloy containing at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) and having low contents of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen, comprises steps of:(a) holding a molten alloy in a container selected from the group consisting of a lime crucible, a lime crucible furnace, a converter and a ladle lined with a basic refractory consisting of 15-85% of calcium oxide (CaO), and 15-75% of magnesium oxide (MgO), wherein said alloy consists essentially of at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co);(b) adding at least one additive, based on the molten alloy, into said molten alloy in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a non-oxidizing atmosphere and a vacuum, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, silicon and silicon alloys;(c) desulphurizing, deoxidizing and denitrifying said molten alloy under an atmosphere

Abstract: Aluminum smelting dust is leached with mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate, manganese dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, ammonium persulfate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate are added to the leach solution. The addition of an oxidizing agent remarkably improves the gallium extraction.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner, which can exhibit good fixation in high-speed copying and is not affected by an environment such as high humidity, is provided by containing, as a principal component thereof, a resin blend composed of (a) 40-90 wt. % of a vinyl copolymer (I) formed of 70-97 wt. % of an aromatic vinyl monomer, 3-30 wt. % of an alkyl fumarate which is a C.sub.1-8 monoalkyl or dialkyl ester and 0-5 wt. % of an acid monomer and having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-15,000 and (b) 10-60 wt. % of a vinyl polymer (II) having a number average molecular weight of 20,000-500,000.

Abstract: A process for producing an indole which comprises reacting an aniline and a diol in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction mixture containing the indole, unreacted aniline and by-products, condensing the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid reaction product, recovering the unreacted aniline from the liquid reaction product, reducing the contents of specified by-products in the recovered aniline below specified levels and reutilizing the resulting recovered aniline. To reduce the contents of the specified by-products in the recovered aniline below specified levels, it is preferred to subject the liquid reaction product or an aniline fraction separated therefrom to a heat-treatment and then to distillation. In the above manner, the recovered aniline can be reutilized in the reaction without causing the activity of the catalyst to deteriorate.

Abstract: 5 to 50 wt. % of an alkaline flux such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide is added and mixed to aluminum smelting dust. The mixture is roasted, the roasted mixture is acid-leached with mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and then gallium is preferentially extracted at a high yield compared to other components of the dust.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for preparing amidoalkanesulfonic acids of the general formula ##STR1## or derivatives thereof by reacting a nitrile compound (1) with a .beta.-hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof (2) in concentrated sulfuric acid.Among the compounds of the general formula (3) and derivatives thereof, unsaturated amido- and phenyl-substituted alkanesulfonic acids and derivatives thereof (in particular, 2-acrylamido-2-phenylpropanesulfonic acid and derivatives thereof) represented by the general formula ##STR2## can be copolymerized with other monomers and the like to provide useful materials such as copolymer-coated solid materials, copolymer emulsions, pigment dispersants and the like.

Abstract: A chlorinated polyolefin having a chlorine content of 15 to 30% by weight which is produced by chlorinating a polyolefin type polymer comprising propylene units and units of an .alpha.-olefin having 4 to 6 carbon atoms in a particular ratio and having a crystallinity of 10 to 50% and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.8 to 6.0 dl/g. This chlorinated polyolefin can be used as an adhesive for lamination of a chlorine-containing polymer (e.g. a polyvinylidene chloride) and an aromatic polymer (e.g. a polystyrene) and exhibits excellent adhesion characteristics at high temperature atmospheres.

Abstract: A process for purifying a solvent suitable for use in the polymerization of an olefin in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which comprises feeding the polymerization solvent to a stage lower than a chimney tray of a multi-stage distillation column, said chimney tray being provided at a height between the top and bottom of the column, feeding an organoaluminum compound to a stage higher than the chimney tray, drawing out a condensate from the chimney tray, heating the condensate to produce heated vapor, introducing the heated vapor to the chimney tray or to a stage higher than the chimney tray but lower than the stage to which the organoaluminum compound has been fed, and drawing the solvent in a purified state from the top.

Abstract: A process for producing a polymer or copolymer of an olefin which comprises polymerizing or copolymerizing at least one olefin with or without a diolefin in the presence of a catalyst composed of (A) a magnesium-containing solid titanium catalyst component containing magnesium, titanium, a halogen and an electron donor as essential ingredients and (B) an organoaluminum compound catalyst component; characterized in that(1) said catalyst further comprises (C) an organic silicon compound catalyst component having an Si-O-C or Si-N-C bond, and(2) said electron donor in the catalyst component (A) is selected from the group consisting of a cyclic mono- or poly-ester such as, diethyl cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylate, diethyl furane-3,4-dicarboxylate, di-isobutyl pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylate, diethyl cyclohexene-1,6-dicarboxylate, di-n-propyl 1,2-benzenediacetate, and n-butyl tetrahydrothiophene-2,3-dicarboxylate.

Abstract: The surface of a product molded of polyolefin is washed with a fluorine-containing organic solvent such as CCl.sub.2 F--CCl.sub.2 F or CCl.sub.2 F--CClF.sub.2 and, thereafter, the product surface is treated with a plasma. Since the product surface is washed with an organic solvent containing fluorine, wastewater and process operation can be controlled with relative ease. A painted product pretreated by the process of the invention has a high peel strength and water resistance.

Abstract: A crude 3,3'-dinitrodiphenyl compound selected from 3,3'-dinitrodiphenylsulfone or 3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone is purified by reacting the crude 3,3'-dinitrodiphenyl compound with a lower alcohol in the presence of a base so as to convert practically the isomer or isomers, which contain one or more nitro groups at the ortho- or/and para-positions, only into the corresponding alkoxy compound or compounds thereof and then separating the alkoxy compound or compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,4'-biphenol comprising subjecting 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol to decomposition and dehydrogenation in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst.4,4-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol is a novel compound which can be prepared by reacting 4-hydroxycyclohexanone with phenol.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for freezing food rapidly by immersing the same in the brine. According to the present invention, food is wrapped in a film which is non-permeable to water, and the resultant food is immersed in the fluidized brine of different temperatures in sequence. The food is frozen with little difference between the temperature of its outer circumferential portion and that of its core portion as the food is immersed in the fluidized brine of different temperatures in sequence. Accordingly, no cracks occur in the food while it is frozen, and no change occurs in the quality of protein in the core portion of the food.

Abstract: In an optical disc structure for information recording comprising two discs in the form of an annular coaxial plate having optical recording thin layers of one surface thereof, the discs being melt-adhered by ultrasonication via annular coaxial sealing members composed of an outer annular spacer and an inner annular spacer to form an air sandwich structure so that the optical recording thin layers face each other through an air space, provided that one of the optical recording thin layers may be omitted.The sealing members and said discs are formed of a copolymer of ethylene. The ethylene copolymer forming the sealing members has an ethylene content (a) of 55 to 80 mole % and the ethylene copolymer forming the discs has an ethylene content (b) of 50 to 70 mole %, where (a) is larger than (b).

Abstract: A catheter equipped with a pressure sensor, which is composed of a fine insertion tube provided with the pressure sensor at the tip thereof and having sufficient stiffness to permit its insertion into and through a blood vessel and a fine and flexible guide tube connected to the fine insertion tube.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an alumina-base abrasion resistant material obtained by adding, as sintering agents, 0.5-4.0 parts by weight of each of TiO.sub.2 and CuO and 0.5-4.0 parts by weight of each of 3 or 4 oxides selected from the group consisting of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, MnO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 to 100 parts of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder and then sintering the resultant raw batch.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising practically a naphthalocyanine dye represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein M means a metal, metal oxide or metal halide, and --OR.sub.1, --OR.sub.2, --OR.sub.3 and --OR.sub.4 are the same or different and denote ether groups respectively having R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each of which is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4-12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a urine absorbing and holding material, which comprises a homopolymer of at least one monomer selected from specific N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of two or more of the acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of said at least one monomer with one or more monomers other the the acrylamides and methacrylamides and copolymerizable therewith, and being a water-insolubilized product. By combining the urine absorbing and holding material in the form of powder, granules, flakes, fibers or a film with a fibrous material in the form of a woven fabric, non-woven fabric or a flocculent material, a useful urea absorbing and holding composite material is obtained in the form of a pad, diaper or drawers.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method for producing secondary metabolites of higher plants, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Coptis japonica, and Nicotinia tabacum, by suspension cultures of a mass of undifferentiated cells (callus). The cultures are carried out in at least two stages in liquid media. The first stage culturing is carried out in a liquid medium conventionally used for the tissue culture of plants, which contains indispensably inorganic substances and carbon sources and, additionally, phytohormones, vitamins and/or amino acids. While, the second stage culturing is carried out in another liquid medium, of which the concentration of at least one of the constituents is substantially varied, namely decreased or increased, from the first stage liquid medium. According to such two stage liquid medium cultures, the productivity of the second metabolites, such as shikonin, berberine and nicotine, are significantly increased, even though the rate of cell growth in the second stage is relatively low.

Abstract: A double ranging drum cutter for long wall type machines for coal extraction is disclosed, which comprises a drum cutter body, a television camera mounted on the drum cutter body for picking up an image of a coal layer cutting portion of a lower bedrock being cut by a cutter drum, a television camera mounted on the drum cutter body for picking up an image of a coal layer cutting portion of an upper bedrock being cut by a cutter drum, and a video image processing unit mounted on the drum cutter body and connected to the television cameras, whereby the boundary between a coal layer and bedrock can be readily judged to permit extraction of much coal without cutting much bedrock and also the ratio of the area of a bedrock to the area of a coal layer in a portion of the bedrock being cut can be readily detected.