Abstract: A rotary ice-breaking body having a spiral rotary blade is attached to a structure for use in icy waters at a part falling in contact with an ice lump or ice floe. The rotary blade is actuated to bite into the ice lump and to lift up or press down the ice lump. The ice lump is broken by the flexural stress and the structure is protected from influences of the ice lump. One rotary ice-breaking body may be disposed to constitute the outer periphery of the structure. Alternately, a plurality of rotary ice-breaking bodies may be disposed to surround the structure so that they are driven and rotated simultaneously or independently.

Abstract: A process for the production of microbial protein and lipid from vegetable carbohydrates including starch by culture of a microbe, which comprises a combination of the steps of liquefying starch with a dextrinogenic enzyme in a liquefaction tank, effecting simultaneous saccharification and culture of the microbe in a fermentation tank by aseptically adding a saccharogenic amylase to the culture medium produced in the liquefying step, and separating the cultured microbial cells and lipid from the culture medium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of resorcin comprising decomposing meta-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide in the presence of a synthetic silica-alumina catalyst, wherein the concentration of water in the reaction system is maintained at 0.3 to 1.0% by weight, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound having at least one ortho-positioned a hydrogen atom by catalytically reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase. In this process, the reaction of the phenolic compound with the alcohol is carried out at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in the presence of a mixed oxide catalyst of manganese, silicon, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide. The catalyst used in this invention exhibits not only excellent catalytic activity in the selective ortho-alkylation of phenols but also continuous stability of the activity, good shapability, and good mechanical strength.

Abstract: Aromatic urethanes can be produced by interacting an aromatic primary amino compound having a nitro group, a nitroso group or a carbamate group, an organic compound having at least one hydroxyl group, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic system composed of a platinum group metal and/or a compound thereof serving as catalyst and a Lewis acid and/or a compound thereof as promoter under high temperature and high pressure conditions. For instance, the interaction of 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene, ethanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of palladium chloride and a ferrous chloride-pyridine complex under high temperature and high pressure conditions can yield 2,4-diethylcarbamatetoluene.

Abstract: New highly active and highly stereospecific catalysts for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are disclosed, the starting components of which are(a) an organometallic-compound of Al free from halogen atoms bound directly to the Al atom;(b) an electron-donor compound (such as a Lewis base) in an amount such that 15% to 100% of the organometallic Al compound (a) is combined with the electron-donor compound; and(c) a solid component comprising, at least on the surface, the reaction product of a halogenated Mg compound with a tetravalent Ti compound and with an electron-donor compound, the molar ratio electron-donor compound/Ti being higher than 0.2, and the molar ratio halogen atoms/Ti being higher than 4.Processes for polymerizing the alpha-olefins and mixtures thereof with ethylene in contact with the new catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing or copolymerizing .alpha.-olefins having at least 3 carbon atoms or copolymerizing .alpha.-olefins having at least 3 carbon atoms with not more than 50 mole % of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst composed of an organometallic compound of a metal of Groups I to III of the periodic table and a titanium catalyst component supported on a halogen-containing magnesium compound, said titanium catalyst component being a solid reaction product obtained by treating (i) a mechanically copulverized product of a halogen-containing compound and an organic acid ester with (ii) an organo-metallic compound of a metal of Groups I to III of the periodic table, and then reacting the resulting solid product with (iii) a titanium compound in the absence of mechanical pulverization.

Abstract: Stereospecific polymerization of .alpha.-olefins is carried out with use of a catalyst comprising an activated titanium component obtained by treating products of copulverization of magnesium halides and aromatic orthocarboxylic acid esters with titanium halides, an organoaluminum compound and an electron donative compound. .alpha.-Olefin polymers of high stereospecificity are thus obtained with a high polymerization activity.

Abstract: A process for purifying an aldehyde-containing ketone, which comprises catalytically hydrogenating a crude ketone containing minor amounts of aliphatic aldehydes at a temperature of from room temperature to about 100.degree. C. and a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 10 kg/cm.sup.2 .multidot.G, in the presence of hydrogen, a palladium-containing catalyst, and about 0.4 to about 15% by weight, based on the weight of the crude ketone, of an active hydrogen-containing compound having a higher boiling point than the ketone which is selected from the group consisting of water, aliphatic alcohols containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, aliphatic carboxylic acids containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alicyclic alcohols containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms and alkylamines having an alkyl or cycloalkyl group containing 5 to 9 carbon atoms; distilling the hydrogenated product; and recovering a fraction containing the ketone.

Abstract: The tail gas from the urea synthesis plant is rendered non-explosive by adding thereto a purge gas that is obtained from the ammonia synthesis plant that is usually installed closed to the urea synthesis plant and used for synthesis of ammonia used as starting material for the urea synthesis.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are cracked in the presence of a mist of molten salt containing of basic compounds of alkali and alkaline earth metals and mixtures thereof, the amount of the molten salt to hydrocarbon being, by weight, from 0.01:1 to 10:1 followed by quenching at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the molten salt, and separating the cracked gas from the molten salt.

Abstract: Employment of N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl acetanilide in combination with at least one .alpha.-(.beta.-naphthoxy)-propionic acid derivative as active ingredients provides an excellent herbicidal composition effective on a variety of weeds.

Abstract: Inositol hexasulfate aluminum and sodium aluminum salts have excellent anti-ulcer, antacid and antipeptic effects. Examination of the action of these compounds on various types of experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats has shown that they have an excellent inhibitory effect on Shay's ulcer, acetic acid ulcer, stress ulcer, cysteamine duodenal ulcer, and aspirin ulcer. In addition, examination of the action of these compounds on the amount of gastric juice secreted, the acidity of gastric juice, and the activity of pepsin in rats has revealed their excellent antacid and antipeptic effects.

Abstract: A water collecting and distributing apparatus capable of collecting filtrate, distributing raw water, supplying back wash water and dispersing scouring air, which is disposed in a lower portion of a high speed filter basin, is disclosed. This apparatus comprises a plurality of blocks regularly arranged in the bottom portion of the filter basin, each block having a flow passage for air and water in the central portion thereof and a water dispersing chamber located adjacent to the flow passage. A communication hole is formed in a partition wall between the flow passage and the water dispersing chamber, and an injection hole is formed in each of the top wall of the flow passage and the top wall of the water dispersing chamber. The numbers and diameters of the communication holes and injection holes in the blocks and positions of these holes are arranged so that a certain relation is established among them. In each block, the flow passage is formed to have a trapezoidal sectional shape.

Abstract: Dynamically partially cured composition comprising a peroxide-curable olefin copolymer rubber (such as EDPM) and a peroxide-decomposing olefin plastic (such as PE and PP) is improved by effecting the dynamic heat-treatment with addition of a peroxide-non-curable hydrocarbon rubber (such as PIB) and/or a mineral oil softener (process oil). The dynamic heat-treatment is preferably carried out not only in the presence of an organic peroxide but also in the presence of divinyl benzene. The elastomeric composition is thermoplastic and, with or without further blending with an olefin plastic, is processable by techniques conventionally used for thermoplastic resins. This elastomer composition and blends of the elastomer composition and olefin plastic can be used for producing foamed product in combination with decomposition type foaming agent (such as azodicarbonamide).

Abstract: A process for treatment by a liquid cyclone for the production of a suspension of terephthalic acid having a reduced impurity content which comprises supplying a fresh and hot lower aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent to a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation product of a p-alkylbenzene or a hot, impurity-containing suspension of terephthalic acid particles in a mother liquor containing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent, feeding the resulting mixture into a liquid cyclone, treating it in the cyclone at an elevated temperature, withdrawing an impurity-containing liquid composed mainly of said mother liquor from a withdrawal opening provided near one end of the cyclone, and withdrawing a suspension of terephthalic acid particles in a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent consisting mainly of said fresh solvent from a withdrawal opening provided near the other end of the cyclone; wherein a fresh lower aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent is additionally supplied into the cyclone through an opening provided betw

Abstract: A thermoplastic olefin resin composition composed of a blend of(i) 5 to 95% by weight, based on the weight of the blend, of a random copolymer consisting essentially of 55 to 85 mole % of propylene and 45 to 15 mole % of 1-butene and having a heat of fusion of 10 to 80 joules/g determined by differential thermal analysis using a differential scanning calorimeter, and(ii) 5 to 95% by weight, based on the weight of the blend, of an isotactic propylene resin containing 0 to 10 mole % of another .alpha.-olefin and having a melting point of 135.degree. to 165.degree. C. and a melt index, measured at 230.degree. C., of 0.1 to 20; and a laminated olefin resin film or sheet thereof.

Abstract: Coal is dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent, heated and purged of insolubles to form various types of solvent purified coal having different degrees of depolymerization. These various types of solvent purified coal are then coked to yield a variety of green coke products. The solvent purified coal is useful as a raw material for needle-like green coke when the value of its (N+O+S)/C atomic ratio is less than 0.0445; for coarse mosaic green coke when the value is in the range of from 0.0445 to but excluding 0.0516; for mosaic green coke when the value is in the range of from 0.0516 to but excluding 0.0584; for fine mosaic green coke when the value is in the range of from 0.0584 to but excluding 0.0645; and for glassy green coke when the value is equal to or greater than 0.0645.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of polytetramethylene ether glycol is disclosed. Polytetramethylene ether glycol is obtained with a high yield by subjecting tetrahydrofuran to ring opening polymerization in the presence or absence of an organic solvent with the use of, as a catalyst, a lithium halide in conjunction with fuming sulfuric acid. Average molecular weight of the glycol product can be controlled in the range of 1000-3000 at will by varying the amounts of the lithium halide and fuming sulfuric acid used.

Abstract: The selective alkylation of a phenolic compound having a hydrogen atom in at least one of the ortho positions is achieved by reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing mixed oxides of chromium and tin. The catalyst can additionally contain iron oxide, sulfate radical, or a combination thereof.