Abstract: Processes for removing color from a paper mill waste effluent and for removing color from a textile plant waste effluent utilizing an amphoteric copolymer/polyamine combination are described. A preferred amphoteric copolymer is poly(dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt/acrylic acid) and a preferred polyamine is a polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine.

Abstract: A polymer tagged with luminol is provided which enables the fluorescent or chemiluminescent detection of the tagged polymer at low concentrations. The chromophore may be covalently bonded to the polymer backbone without sacrificing the chromophore's fluorescent or chemiluminescent properties. The present invention has been found useful in the treatment and monitoring of industrial waters.

Abstract: A sunlight-ultraviolet-stable biocide composition for use in treating recreational and industrial water systems is disclosed which comprises an oxidizing halogen compound and a stabilizer, wherein the stabilizer is either benzenesulfonamide or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing paper and paperboard that includes the steps of preflocculating granular starch with an aqueous solution containing cellulosic fibers and a flocculant prior to the introduction of the preflocculated mixture to either the white water, thick stock or thin stock. By preflocculating the starch in the presence of cellulosic fibers, improved formation is provided without compromising retention of the starch in the formed mat and distribution of the starch in the Z-direction is improved which improves the strength properties of the paper and paperboard.

Abstract: A stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite having from about 5 percent to about 70 percent available halogen as chlorine with a water soluble bromide ion source; allowing the bromide ion source and the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite to react to form a 0.5 to 70 percent by weight aqueous solution of unstabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite; adding to the unstabilized solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite a suitable stabilizer such as a carbonic acid, hydrogen cyanide, carboxylic acid, amino acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or boric acid; and recovering a stabilized aqueous alkali or alkaline earth metal hypobromite solution.

Abstract: Hydrophilic cationic copolymers of acrylamide are prepared as dispersions in a salt media. These polymers have high molecular weights and are readily soluble by diluting in water. These polymers are useful flocculants for such applications as sludge dewatering, raw water clarification aids, emulsion breakers and waste water clarification aids.

Abstract: A fitting is provided for attachment to a flexible bag. The combined flexible bag and fitting may be inserted into a container for filling the flexible bag with a material, such as a chemical requiring transport, and ultimately draining of the material following delivery thereof. The fitting allows for bottom filling of the container and elimination of head space as well as draining of the material without interference from the bag.

Abstract: New and improved polyamino acid polymers and derivatized polyamino acid polymers are provided. Relatively high molecular weight poly(succinimides) are prepared by solid phase polymerization of aspartic acid or glutamic acid in the presence of a super phosphoric acid catalyst. The poly(succinimides) may be hydrolyzed to provide biodegradable polyaspartic acid or polyglutamic acid homopolymer having weight average molecular weights.gtoreq.70,000. Higher molecular weight, water soluble, cross-linked polyamino acid polymers and gels are also provided. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(succinimides) are derivatized in aqueous media to provide storage stable, substantially linear, biodegradable polyamino acid polymers having pendant hydroxyl, ether, hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, carboxyl, sulfonoalkyl and/or phosphonoalkyl functionalities. The polymers are useful as chelants in various water treatment applications.

Abstract: A method for determining wafer cleanliness by fluorometric monitoring of the impurities in the semiconductor chip wafer rinse solution. A clean chip is indicated by a leveling off of increased concentration of impurities as the rinsing of the chip progresses. A method for optimizing reuse or recyling of the water discharged from the rinse process which accurately measures the contaminants in that water.

Abstract: A method for binding ceramic materials in aqueous media is disclosed. The method utilizes water-soluble polyamides prepared by condensation polymerization for binding various classes of ceramic materials.

Abstract: A synergistic composition and method for inhibiting microbiological growth which comprises a combination of stabilized sodium hypobromite with a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl 4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

Abstract: The concentration of the active ingredient in a rolling oil emulsion can be rapidly determined, and correction of the concentration of the active ingredient can be undertaken by measuring the measuring the amount of light reflected from the emulsion at the peak absorbing wavelength of the dye to obtain a first reflectance value and measuring the amount of light reflected from said emulsion at a wavelength other than the peak absorbing wavelength of the dye to obtain a second reflectance value for at least two different concentrations of the rolling oil in the rolling oil emulsion, establishing a calibration curve, and then monitoring the rolling oil emulsion in like manner. The results may be utilized to feed additional additive to the emulsion, or may be used to feed water into the emulsion system.

Abstract: A method for binding ceramic materials in aqueous media is disclose. The method utilizes water-soluble polyamides prepared by condensation polymerization for binding various classes of ceramic materials.

Abstract: A method for removing dissolved oxygen from alkaline water containing dissolved oxygen at a temperature greater than 250.degree. F. which comprises the step of: adding to said alkaline water containing dissolved oxygen an effective oxygen-scavenging amount of a water-soluble semicarbazide of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyloxy and alkyloxy groups.Preferred materials are 4-phenyl semicarbazide, 4-isopropyl semicarbazide, 4-4-diethyl semicarbazide and carbazoyl morpholine. Below 400.degree. F., a catalyst is also required.

Abstract: A new and improved method for inhibiting the precipitation of sodium oxalate crystals in a Bayer process liquor is provided. In an embodiment, the method comprises the step of adding to the Bayer process liquor, after red mud separation, a minor effective amount of a liquor oxalate stabilizer selected from hydrocarbon-substituted amine oxide compounds and/or hydrocarbon-substituted betaine compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of monitoring a papermaking system and unit operations contained therein to optimize the overall papermaking process. The method comprises employing a fluorescent tracer that is selectively carried through the entire papermaking system or in a specific unit operation and is sufficiently inert and sufficiently stable under the environmental and chemical conditions of the system from its addition point to the sampling point. A sample is withdrawn from the papermaking environment (either via `grab` or on-line side stream sampling) and the withdrawn sample subjected to analysis. The analysis comprises comparing the tracer concentration to a standard to determine the concentration of tracer in the sample and/or determining the time of first appearance of said tracer from addition point to the sampling point and/or subsequent decay of said tracer concentration at the sampling point.

Abstract: A process for treating recycled coated broke which has been re-pulped to a slurry for the purpose of recycling the coated broke as cellulose fiber to the paper machine by the addition of a water-soluble polymer dispersion is claimed. The water-soluble polymer is formed by polymerizing a water-soluble mixture which comprises: (a) a cationic monomer represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms; A' is an oxygen atom or NH; B' is an alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxypropylene group; and X.sup.

Abstract: Methods for making gypsum wallboard and for enhancing the compressive strength of wallboard by the addition of polymeric oxyalkylate viscosity modifiers are described. Preferred compounds are a copolymer comprising blocks of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide ether-linked to (1,2 ethandiyl dintrilo) tetrakis (propanol), an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer and a polyethylene glycol polymer cross-linked with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods for dispersing and binding ceramic materials in aqueous media are disclosed. The methods utilize water-soluble polymers having pendant derivatized amide, ester or ether functionalities for dispersing and binding various classes of ceramic materials.

Abstract: A biodegradable anti-scalant for steam generators, boilers and other heat transfer equipment is provided. Anti-scalants prepared in accordance with the present invention include aspartic acid, poly(aspartic acid) and copolymers of aspartic acid and functionalized aspartic acid. Anti-scalants provided in accordance with the present invention are biodegradable and therefore more environmentally friendly than currently available anti-scalant for use with hard water. Methods and use of making anti-scalants are also provided.