Abstract: A biologic electrode array assembly is formed on an integrated circuit chip that includes an array of electrodes. At least one metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) switch is coupled to at least one of the electrodes within the array. A voltage line is provided that is selectively connected to the at least one electrode via the MOS switch. A voltage source is coupled to the voltage line. In one preferred aspect of the invention, the MOS switch is a CMOS switch. In another aspect of the invention, an addressable memory is associated with the at least one electrode located within the array.

Abstract: A device for the detection of electromagnetic radiation, wherein the device has (i) a photoactive layer of a semiconductor having a band gap of greater than 2.5 eV, (ii) a dye applied to the semiconductor, and (iii) a charge transport layer comprising a hole conductor material, where the hole conductor material is preferably solid and amorphous.

Abstract: Methods and compositions of matter are provided for the strand displacement amplification of target nucleic acids of interest using primer pair sets that are anchored to electronically addressable capture sites on a microarray. The primer pair sets may be individually bound to the capture sites or may comprise a unique branched primer pair moiety. The anchored primers allow for the simultaneous multiplex capture, amplification and detection of a target nucleic acid derived from any sample source.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use of a stacked, reconfigurable system is provided. The stacked, reconfigurable system includes an inlet for receipt of a sample, a first chamber defined by a bottom support, an intermediate member, and a first spacer, the first chamber being coupled to the inlet through the bottom support, the first chamber including an analysis system having electrodes for electrophoretic transport of material. A second chamber is stacked on top of the first chamber, the second chamber being defined by the intermediate member, a top member, and a second spacer, the second chamber being in fluid communication with the first chamber through at least one via formed in the intermediate member, the second chamber being electrically reconfigurable to permit action such as, for example, synthesis of a compound or specialized analysis. The apparatus can be used to perform analysis on charged biological materials.

Abstract: A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific microlocations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific microlocations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Abstract: A microactuator device includes a base with at least one electrode pad and a permeation membrane. Permeation membrane is typically a water-permeable membrane that is able to deform by applying an electric charge to the electrode pad. The actuator device can be incorporated into valve assembly to open and close the valve. The valve assembly can have a reciprocating valve member operated by the deforming of the water-permeable member. Alternatively, the valve assembly can have an opening positioned to cooperate with the water-permeable membrane so that the deformation of the membrane closes the opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pyranosyl nucleic acid of the formula (I) or of the formula (II) The process for the preparation of the pyranosyl nucleic acid comprises (a) bonding the nucleoside to a solid support, (b) deprotecting the 3′,4′-protected nucleoside, (c) reacting the reaction product from step (b) with a 3′,4′-protected pyranosyl nuceloside phosphoramidite, repeating steps (b) and (c) one or more times to produce the desired length of nucleic acid, and coupling a biomolecule to the product of step (d). In a further step, the nucleic acid can be released from the solid support. In one embodiment, the biomolecule may be a DNA or RNA, where furanosyl nucleoside phosphoramidites are added to the pyranosyl nucleic acid.

Abstract: A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific micro-locations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific micro-locations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pentopyranosylnucleoside of the formula (I) or of the formula (II) their preparation and use for the production of a therapeutic, diagnostic and/or electronic component.

Abstract: This invention relates to devices and methods for performing active, multi-step molecular and biological sample preparation and diagnostic analyses employing immunochemical techniques. It relates generally to bioparticle separation, bioparticle enrichment, and electric field-mediated immunochemical detection on active electronic matrix devices utilizing AC and DC electric fields. More specifically, the invention relates to devices and methods for sample preparation/manipulation, immunoimmobilization, and immunoassays, all of which can be conducted on one or more active electronic chip devices within a single system. These manipulations are useful in a variety of applications, including, for example, detection of pathogenic bacteria and biological warfare agents, point-of-care diagnostics, food or medical product quality control assays, and other biological assays.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the fabrication of microscale, including micron and sub-micron scale, including nanoscale, devices. Electronic transport of movable component devices is utilized through a fluidic medium to effect transport to a desired target location on a substrate or motherboard. Forces include electrophoretic force, electroosmotic force, electrostatic force and/or dielectrophoretic force. In the preferred embodiment, free field electroosmotic forces are utilized either alone, or in conjunction with, other forces. These forces may be used singly or in combination, as well as in conjunction with yet other forces, such as fluidic forces, mechanical forces or thermal convective forces. Transport may be effected through the use of driving electrodes so as to transport the component device to yet other connection electrodes. In certain embodiments, the component devices may be attached to the target device using a solder reflow step.

Abstract: A method for amplifying nucleic acids is provided wherein detection of amplified species is enhanced by the use of asymmetric amplification. Such amplification is made asymmetric by using divergent ratios of amplification primers or by using non-extending and/or non-cleavable amplification primers. Detection of the amplicons is improved because maintenance of single stranded species of amplicons during amplification facilitates their direct capture by immobilized probes without having to include denaturing steps.

Abstract: A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multi-step and multiplex reactions utilizes a self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include most molecular biological procedures, such as nucleic acid hybridization, antibody/antigen reaction, and clinical diagnostics. Multi-step combinatorial biopolymer synthesis may be performed. A controller interfaces with a user via input/output devices, preferably including a graphical display. Independent electronic control is achieved for the individual microlocations. In the preferred embodiment, the controller interfaces with a power supply and interface, the interface providing selective connection to the microlocations, polarity reversal, and optionally selective potential or current levels to individual electrodes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the fabrication of microscale, including micron, sub-micron, and nanoscale, devices. Electronic transport of movable component devices is utilized through a fluidic medium to effect transport to a desired target location on a substrate or motherboard. Forces include electrophoretic force, electroosmotic force, electrostatic force and/or dielectrophoretic force. In the preferred embodiment, free field electroosmotic forces are utilized either alone, or in conjunction with, other forces. These forces may be used singly or in combination, as well as in conjunction with yet other forces, such as fluidic forces, mechanical forces or thermal convective forces. Transport may be effected through the use of driving electrodes so as to transport the component device to yet other connection electrodes.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the analysis and determination of the nature of single nucleic acid polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genetic target. In one method of this invention, the nature of the SNPs in the genetic target is determined by the steps of providing a plurality of hybridization complexes arrayed on a plurality of test sites on an electronically bioactive microchip, where the hybridization complex includes at least a nucleic acid target containing a SNP, a stabilizer probe having a sequence complementary to the target sequence and/or reporter probe, and a reporter probe having a selected sequence complementary to either the stabilizer or the same target sequence strand wherein a selected sequence of the reporter includes either a wild type nucleotide or a nucleotide corresponding to the SNP of the target.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of 3′,4′-cyclic acetals of pentopyranosylnucleosides, in which the pentopyranosyl nucleoside is reacted with an aldehyde, ketone, acetal, or ketal under reduced pressure of less than about 500 mbar.

Abstract: An electronic device performs active biological operations such as, for example, the analysis of a solution containing charged biological materials. The device can take the form of a flow cell that includes an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber connected to a flow cell chamber. An array containing a plurality of electrodes is contained within the flow cell chamber. Inlet and outlet ports are provided in the inlet chamber and outlet chamber, respectively. The inlet and outlet chambers advantageously have substantially constant cross-sectional flow areas.

Abstract: A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific micro-locations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific micro-locations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates monitoring the amplification of nucleic acid using chromophore-containing polynucleotides having at least two donor chromophores operatively linked to the polynucleotide by linker arms, such that the chromophores are positioned by linkage along the length of the polynucleotide at a donor-donor transfer distance, and at least one fluorescing acceptor chromophore operatively linked to the polynucleotide by a linker arm, such that the fluorescing acceptor chromophore is positioned by linkage at a donor-acceptor transfer distance from at least one of the donor chromophores, to form a photonic structure for collecting photonic energy and transferring the energy to an acceptor chromophore, and methods using the photonic structures.

Abstract: Methods and compositions of matter are provided for the strand displacement amplification of target nucleic acids of interest using primer pair sets that are anchored to electronically addressable capture sites on a microarray. The primer pair sets may be individually bound to the capture sites or may comprise a unique branched primer pair moiety. The anchored primers allow for the simultaneous multiplex capture, amplification and detection of a target nucleic acid derived from any sample source.