Abstract: An optical element supported to an optical element supporting lead is sealed by a package having a lens. A height t2 from the rear surface of the optical element supporting lead at the portion projected outside from the package to the rear surface of the package is set to be substantially equal to a height t1 from the surface of the optical element to a top of a lens or the difference between the heights t1 and t2 is set small. Thus, the package can be assembled into a printed circuit board or the like by an insertion machine. Moreover, a power-saving and a mass-production become possible.

Abstract: A number-theoretic based algorithm provides for secure electronic voting. A voter may cast a votes among n centers in a manner which prevents fraud and authenticates the votes. Preprocessing allows for nearly all of the communication and computation to be performed before any voting takes place. Each center can verify that each vote has been properly counted. The algorithm is based on families of homomorphic encryptions which have a partial compatibility property. The invention can be realized by current-generation PCs with access to an electronic bulletin board.

Abstract: A thin film deposition method consists of depositing a thin film on a wafer by supplying a reactant gas molecules toward and onto the wafer within a vacuum vessel or chamber. The pressure within the vacuum vessel is set to the pressure under which the mean free path (d) of the molecules contained in the supplied reactant gas can be longer than the shortest distance (L) between the wafer and the wall of the vacuum vessel exposed to the vacuum side, or d>L. The temperature of the wafer is set to the temperature (T sub) at which the reactant gas can cause substantially the thermally decomposing reaction. The temperature of the vacuum side-exposed wall of the vacuum vessel (T wall) is set to a temperature range having the lower limit higher than the temperature (T vap) at which the saturated vapor pressure can be maintained to be equal to the partial pressure of the molecules contained in the reactant gas, and having the upper limit lower than the temperature of the wafer (T sub), or T vap<T wall<T sub.

Abstract: A flip flop circuit comprises a master latching circuit having a first transmission gate responsive to a clock signal and the complementary clock signal for transferring a data bit to a first positive feedback loop, and a slave latching circuit having a second transmission gate responsive to the clock signal and the complementary clock signal and complementarily shifted between on and off states with respect to the first transmission gate for transferring a data bit to a second positive feedback loop, wherein a buffer circuit is coupled between the first positive feedback loop and the first transmission gate so that the master flip flop circuit is free from influence of the slave flip flop circuit, thereby allowing a circuit designer to shrink set-up time margin.

Abstract: A dual magnetic head capable of reducing unneccessary magnetic flux developed in erase cores. The dual magnetic head includes a first read/write core (30) having a first gap width (34) and extending in a track direction in which the tracks will be formed on a magnetic recording medium, a second read/write core (10) having a second read/write gap (14) with a width greater than the first gap width, and juxtaposed to the first read/write core (30) in a perpendicular direction to the track direction; and an erase core (20) having a pair of erase gaps (24, 25) located at opposite ends of the second read/write gap (14) with respect to the perpendicular direction, the erase core (20) being juxtaposed to the first read/write core (30) in the perpendicular direction and juxtaposed to the second read/write core (10) in the track direction, at least one of the facing surfaces of the erase core (20) which define the erase gaps (24, 25) therebetween being provided with an undulation.

Abstract: The present invention lies in a process for modifying the surface of a molded article, which process comprises irradiating the surface of a molded article composed of an aromatic polymer or a polymer composition containing said aromatic polymer, with an ultraviolet laser beam having a wavelength of about 150 nm-380 nm at a fluence at least lower than the threshold to modify the surface as compared with the condition before the irradiation. The process makes it possible to modify the condition of the laser beam-irradiated surface portions of the molded article to, for example, a white color or black color, whereby the molded article can be endowed with functions and properties required in its use in various applications.

Abstract: A method of reusing a slurry in a ground improving method, wherein a hardening agent is injected into the ground, and wherein the muddy water (i.e., the slurry which is discharged) upon working is regenerated and again used as an injection material; namely, a hardening agent. By measuring the physical amount indicative of the permeability characteristic of the hardening agent contained in the slurry, an amount of hardening agent contained in the collected slurry (i.e., an amount of hardening agent to be collected) is calculated. Since the amount of collected hardening agent is calculated simultaneously with the collection of the slurry, the amount of hardening agent to be newly injected can be controlled in a real-time manner on the basis of the latest data (i.e., numerical value).

Abstract: In a wide-aspect television system, apparatus is provided for producing a source television signal for a wide aspect television screen, which source signal has the same horizontal and vertical synchronizing frequencies, but fewer effective scanning lines than a conventional television system. The wideaspect television system further includes apparatus for expanding the time base of the mentioned source television signal in the horizontal direction by a predetermined ratio. Further included is an apparatus for receiving a time base-expanded television signal produced by the expanding apparatus for arranging video information of both side areas of a time base-expanded television signal into top and bottom added scanning lines. A remaining area of the time base-expanded television signal substracted by both mentioned side areas have a horizontal scanning period substantially equal to a horizontal scanning period of the conventional television system.

Abstract: A carrier recovery system combining a narrow band carrier phase estimator and a wide band carrier phase estimator, and a digital phase demodulator using this carrier recovery system. The narrow band carrier phase estimator extracts a carrier phase having a low pulse slip rate from received signal. This carrier phase, however, cannot track fast phase fluctuation due to fading. On the other hand, the wide band carrier phase estimator tracks fast phase fluctuation due to fading, and extracts a carrier phase from the received signal. From this carrier phase is subtracted the other carrier phase obtained by the narrow band carrier phase estimator, and the balance, after its fluctuating range is limited, is added to the carrier phase obtained by the narrow band carrier phase estimator, thereby making it possible to obtain a carrier phase which can track fast phase fluctuations due to fading without sacrificing the phase slip rate.

Abstract: A radio communication system comprises a plurality of subsystems each including a base station and a mobile station. A connection is to be allowed between the base and mobile stations in a subsystem by a first decision, when they have a first distance shorter than a predetermined distance therebetween. Then, the connection is finally allowed by a second decision, when the subsystem has a second distance longer than another predetermined distance therebetween from another subsystem. The first and second distances are detected in the base station by receipt levels of signals. The first distance may be changed dependent on the existence of an interference from outside subsystems.

Abstract: A differential amplifying circuit comprises a differential pair of transistors for differentially amplifying input signals, and an output signal fixing transistor for fixing output signals to avoid the transmission of extraordinary input signals from input terminals to output terminals. The output signal fixing transistor is connected to one of the differential pair of the transistors which is thereby connected to the ground, where extraordinary input signals are supplied to the input terminals. A capacitor element such as a transistor having the same parasitic capacitance as the output signal fixing transistor is connected to the remaining one of the differential pair of the transistors, such that capacitances of the same value are loaded to the differential pair of the transistors. As a result, no offset occurs between the output signals, and wave forms of the output signals are equal to each other.

Abstract: In a reproduction system for use in reproducing a still image from a sequence of predictive error signals which is read out of a memory and which is preliminarily processed into a sequence of preliminary processed signals, an intermediate circuit interrupts the preliminary processed signals in response to an external command signal. In the intermediate circuit, the external command signal is resampled by a sequence of frame pulses in a resampling circuit into a resampled signal so as to close a gate circuit. No predictive error signal is sent to an adder circuit during absence of the gate circuit. An identical error signal is repeatedly produced as a sequence of reproduced signals to reproduce the still image.

Abstract: In a radio communication network system for use in carrying out communication with a plurality of radio telephone sets in a service zone by the use of a control channel and a plurality of speech channels, a connecting equipment unit (CE) is selectively operable in cooperation with a radio control unit (RCU) in a speech mode of forming a speech path through a selected one of the speech channels and an additional mode of selectively monitoring the control and the speech channels. The additional mode may be divided into first and second control modes for allowing and rejecting reception of a call with the control channel monitored, respectively. Alternatively, either a rest mode or a combination of rest and initial program loading modes may be added to the additional mode. A plurality of the connecting equipment units may be located in a single service zone and selectively put into the speech and the additional modes with only one of the connecting equipment units kept in the first control mode.

Abstract: In an image recording system for use in recording a sequence of coded signals on a recording medium, such as a CD-ROM in response to a sequence of image signals divisible into a succession of frames each of which is subdivided into a plurality of splits, the image signals are selectively subjected to interframe coding and intraframe coding in a coder to be coded into first and second error signals, respectively, under control of a coding control circuit. The intraframe coding may be carried out about a selected split at every frame, at every preselected period, or at predetermined positions of each scene. The second and the first error signals are rearranged into the coded signals by delaying the second error signal relative to the first error signal. Such a second error signal serves to reproduce an initial image on reproducing the coded signals and enables a reverse reproduction, a quick search, a high speed reproduction, and the like in a reproducing system.

Abstract: An addressable terminal for cable television in which the terminal address can be set and changed from outside of the terminal housing, as needed. The terminal includes an exclusive remote control key pad for setting an address. The terminal address can be changed by transmitting new terminal address data from the address setting key pad to an electrically erasable read only memory which is installed in the terminal housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a radio telephone system wherein a speech channel is established between one radio telephone handset out of a plurality of radio telephone handsets and a base unit. An interphone switch for selecting intercom communication is provided for respective radio telephone handsets. The transmitters of the radio telephone handsets are turned OFF when the intercom switch is OFF, and transmitters of the radio telephone handsets are turned ON when the intercom switch is ON. Consequently the connection between a wired telephone channel and the plurality of radio telephone handsets can be controlled with a single base unit connected to the wired telephone channel.

Abstract: For decoding by the use of a decoder buffer memory an encoded video signal into which an encoder input signal is encoded with data compression on a basis of frames, a decoding device comprises a control signal producing unit for delivering a decoder control signal to a decoder when the frame of data written into the buffer memory coincides with the frame of data read out of the buffer memory. Responsive to the control signal, the decoder produces a supply control signal to the buffer memory to stop delivery of the read-out data to the decoder. Preferably, the decoding device should comprise a processing unit for producing frame pulses at heads of the respective frames of the encoded video signal. A counter counts the frame head pulses to make the write-in data and the read-out data indicate frame numbers for use in the signal producing unit. Alternatively, the decoding device may receive an encoded video signal in which frame number data are included for use in the signal producing unit.

Abstract: In a radio telephone system comprising a radio telephone set utilizing a rechargeable battery, and a base unit connected to the radio telepone set through a radio channel for exchanging a speech signal between the radio telephone set and a wired telephone line, there are provided a detector for detecting the charged state of the battery, a terminating device responsive to the output signal of the detector for terminating the radio channel between the radio telephone set and the base unit.

Abstract: A television video signal synchronizing apparatus, which synchronizes an input television video signal to a reference timing mark. The input video signal is digitized and stored in a memory at locations which are provided by a writing address generator. The writing operation is performed in synchronism with the input video signal. A reading address generator produces reading addresses for reading out the stored video signal to deliver an output television signal which is synchronized to the reference timing mark. The reading address generator is controlled to read out an active video portion of the stored video signal after a delay of about one horizontal scanning period (63.5 microseconds in the NTSC system) immediately after the writing operation of the same active video portion. Thereby "lip lag" i.e. a mismatch between the audio and video signals, is avoided.

Abstract: A locking device for locking the coupling of a connector plug with a connector receptacle comprises a metal engaging piece provided at one of the connector plug and receptacle and a resin engaging portion provided at the other to be engaged by the metal engaging piece. A metal piece is mounted on the engaging part of the resin engaging portion.