Abstract: Luminance/chrominance separating apparatus in which a luminance signal and chrominance signal are extracted from a composite color television signal by a comb filter. A low frequency signal component is extracted from the chrominance signal and passed through a variable attenuator. The low frequency signal component from the variable attenuator is added to the luminance signal to produce a compensated luminance signal.

Abstract: In a digital video effect system, only one one-frame RAM (30) produces a mixed and phase-locked signal (14) for n individually synchronized input television signals (11, 12) when read by horizontal and vertical address signals (48, 49) derived from a reference timing signal (15) in synchronism with horizontal and vertical synchronizing pulses included therein. Digital video signals (39') and vertical address signals (29') derived from n or (n-1) input television signal or signals are written in n or (n-1) four-line RAM (80) by horizontal address signals (28') derived also therefrom and read by horizontal address signals (48 or 28) derived either from the timing signal or one of the n input television signals. Thus horizontally phase-locked digital video signals (39, 83) are written in the one-frame RAM by the last-mentioned horizontal address signals and likewise horizontally phase-locked vertical address signals (29, 84).

Abstract: Delay compensation apparatus for minimizing the delay differences between a video signal transmitted through a plurality of frame synchronizers, which delay the video signal, and a normally undelayed audio signal, the audio and video signal making up a complete television signal. Combinations of discreet delay intervals are imposed on the audio signal such that delay differences between the audio and video signal are minimized to the extent that the negligible remaining delay difference does not degrade the reproduced television picture.

Abstract: In an electronic special video effect device, first and second digital video signals (D.sub.F and D.sub.S) derived during a keying interval of time from two television signals (VA and VB) between the beginning and a switching instant of each predetermined period and between the switching instant and the end of the period, respectively, are written in a memory (35) in addresses corresponding to the respective periods starting at an initial address corresponding to the switching instant. Each period may be a horizontal or a vertical scanning period. The memory addresses are merely cyclically read out to provide an output signal (VD) that enables a scene represented by one of the television signals to be pushed away from a television screen by another scene represented by the other, leftwards, rightwards, downwards, or upwards. Read-out may be started at the initial address with write-in carried out merely cyclically. Both may start at the initial address.

Abstract: A bandpass filter is disclosed which includes a low-pass filter and an analog delay circuit in which the delay time is set by a clock signal. THe analog delay circuit samples the voltage of the low-pass filter capacitor and delays the sampled voltage according to the clock signal. The output of the analog delay circuit is then used to equalize within a certain period of time the voltage of the low-pass filter capacitor. The analog delay circuit may consist of an integrated circuit BBD (Bucket Brigade Device) or CCD (Charge Coupled Device).

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprises essentially magnetoresistive elements formed on a diaphragm serving as a stress magnifier. The diaphragm may be made, for example, of glass in a thickness of 0.5 millimeter, and the magnetoresistive elements can be formed thereon in any desired pattern of thin stripes by ordinary thin-film techniques. Such sensor elements can be mass produced, e.g., by vapor deposition and etching on a large sheet of diaphragm material and cutting into chips of desired shape and size.

Abstract: A digital transmission system for television video signals of the type which comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter having a plurality of input terminals for receiving respective television video signals to be transmitted, a plurality of encoding units for encoding the respective video signals into digitized video signals, and a multiplexers for multiplexing the respective digitized video signals in a time division manner, and the receiver having a demultiplexer for receiving the multiplexed video signal from the multiplexer and for separating the same into said digitized video signals, and a plurality of decoding units for decoding the digitized video signals into said respective television video signals, is disclosed.

Abstract: For selectively carrying out predictive encoding of an original pattern of a first tone on a background of a second tone and a thinned pattern having, in effect, the first tone on its background corresponding to the second tone, a device comprises a predictor responsive to a set of sample pulses representative of a few picture elements selected from those sampled from the original pattern and its background for producing each of prediction error pulses of a sequence, another predictor responsive to a set of pre-processed pulses representative of several picture elements selected from those sampled, in effect, from the thinned pattern and its background for producing each of error pulses of another sequence, a selector for selecting one of the original and the thinned patterns and consequently one of the predictors to produce a selection code indicative of the selected predictor, and an encoder for encoding the error pulses produced by the selected predictor into an encoded signal including the selection code.

Abstract: In a recursive digital filter for dealing with data words given by two's complement representation in a common word format comprising a sign bit, an integer bit, and a predetermined number of fractional bits, an overflow detect and correct circuit is supplied with simultaneously produced sign bits of bit-serial first sum, feedback, and second sum data words and with the integer bit of the second sum data word and detects overflow in the second sum data word to produce, for use in the circuit, an overflow detect pulse indicative of presence or absence of overflow. In either event, the circuit produces an overflow-free data word for use in the filter. When overflow is detected, the circuit produces a polarity decision pulse that decides polarities of the overflow-free bits. Otherwise, the circuit determines the overflow-free bits directly by the corresponding bits of the second sum data word.

Abstract: A two-term vector multiplier for calculating Ax+BY and useful in FFT and digital filter circuits is disclosed. The variables A and B are converted into standard type-minimal representation codes which are then operated upon to generate selection signals and an addition-subtraction control signal. The selection signals select one of four values, X, Y, Y/2 and O, to be sent to an accumulator where the selected value is either added to or subtracted from one half the value presently in the accumulator to provide a new accumulator value. The final accumulation value is Z=AX+BY.

Abstract: A digital facsimile system suitable for the facsimile transmission of newspaper pages having screened picture portions and printed character portions is disclosed. The transmitter receives a digitized facsimile signal which is a train of pel codes formed by scanning a picture to be transmitted. In response to the digitized facsimile signal, a first reference generator produces first pel codes neighboring the present pel code, a second pel code spaced by the pitch of the screened picture from the present pel code, and third pel codes neighboring the second pel code. A ROM is addressed by the first, second and third pel codes to produce a first prediction code for the present pel code. The output of the ROM and the digitized facsimile signal are supplied to an Exclusive OR which provides a prediction error code according to the difference between the first prediction code and the present pel code. A train of prediction errors codes constitutes a prediction error signal which is encoded and transmitted.

Abstract: A chroma-key tracking system for electronically compressing a television picture to predetermined dimensions and for moving the compressed picture to a specified area on the television screen where the compressed picture is inserted into a second picture present on the screen. The chroma-key tracking system advantageously operates in the presence of electrical noise associated with the chroma-key tracking signal.

Abstract: A container for semiconductor chips is disclosed. The container includes an annular ring having a first diameter and an annular lower casing having a second diameter, greater than the first diameter. The annular lower container houses the annular ring. A plastic film, holding the semiconductor chips, is stretched over an annular opening in the annular ring. An upper container mates with the lower container to form an air-tight housing for the annular ring. The upper container is shaped in such a manner that the upper container fixes the annular ring in place but does not contact the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: In a printed wiring board having an outwardly flaring through-hole, a conductive pattern is formed on the inwardly directed surface of the hole so as to reach a principal surface of the board only at that circumferential portion of the hole where the pattern is continuous to a pattern portion, if any, formed on the principal surface. The pattern is formed in the through-hole by positive use of that portion of a photoresist film formed on the principal surface to cover the hole which partly protrudes into the hole.

Abstract: In a pivotally mounted member of the memory fine tuning arrangement for a turret type television tuner, a pivotally moved lever plate provided integrally with a pivotal shaft having head portion, neck portion and body portion, is pivotally mounted on a front wall chassis base by setting the neck portion of the pivotal shaft into a notch of the front wall, wherein assembly of the lever plate to the front wall chassis base can be achieved by the two steps of inserting the head and neck portions of the pivotal shaft into a large opening portion of the notch in the front wall and slidingly setting the neck portion in a small opening portion from the large opening portion through continuous opening portion of the notch. To ensure easy and accurate assembly, a vertical support for the pivotal shaft on the front wall is affixed to the pivotally mounted member so that the parallel relation between the front wall and the lever plate is maintained.

Abstract: An adaptive speech signal detector for use in a 4-wire telephone channel performs an adaptive threshold value setting operation depending on the channel noise level on a transmitter-side channel to detect a speech signal present at the transmitter. The adaptive operation of the speed signal detector is inhibited, however, if the signal level at the related receiver-side channel becomes higher than a preset value. This permits the use of the adaptive speech signal detector with DSI (digital speech interpolation) systems without malfunction due to the operation of an echo suppressor.

Abstract: An error correcting decoder is disclosed which blocks correction of bits received during periods of relatively high signal intensity levels. A syndrome register and decision circuit provide error correcting bits for all bits which the sequence of input data determines to be in error. But only those data bits which occur during low levels of signal intensity are corrected.

Abstract: An electronic key telephone system is disclosed that provides a plurality of telephone features and functions, while only requiring a four-wire line between the central equipment and each key-set telephone (KST) and a two-wire line between the central equipment and each single-line telephone (SLT). Linear delta coding and time division multiplex (TDM) techniques are used to eliminate the multiple pairs required in traditional private business exchange (PBX) systems between the remote key telephones and the control unit. In the present system, a microprocessor controlled TDM controller transmits and receives control signals serially to and from interfaces in the system for control purposes and also for establishing exchange of digitized audio information data between selected interfaces. The system thus exchanges digitized audio information directly between interfaces and provides control signalling between the TDM controller and the interfaces, with all of the exchanges being done in real time.

Abstract: A circuit for extracting a clock signal from a double-binary phase-shift keying system is disclosed. The carrier wave form is regenerated at the receiver from the phase-shift keyed (PSK) signal input. The regenerated carrier wave is frequency doubled and frequency mixed with the PSK input signal which has also been frequency doubled. A desired clock signal is thereafter extracted from the mixed signal by a band-pass filter. The system does not include a frequency divider which would result in a phase ambiguity.

Abstract: A plurality of pilot signals having predetermined relations are used to remove a phase-frequency difference introduced into transmission signals by one or more repeaters in a high frequency radio link. The pilot signals are also used to compensate for crosstalk introduced into respective pairs of said transmission signals.