Abstract: There is provided a catalyst that is highly resistant to sulfur and nitrogen compounds and active for hydrogenation and shows a low hydrocracking rate and a long service life as well as a method of converting aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon oil containing sulfur and nitrogen compounds into saturated hydrocarbons by using such a catalyst. A method of hydrogenating aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon oil containing 80 wt % or more of a fraction having a boiling point of 170 to 390° C. and said aromatic hydrocarbons is characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil is brought into contact with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing clay minerals having principal ingredients of Si and Mg as carrier and at least one of the VIII-group metals of periodic table as active metal.

Abstract: As a compensator for use in an OCB mode liquid crystal display there is provided a compensating film capable of making color compensation and attaining such a viewing angle expansion as has not been attainable heretofore. A compensating film for a liquid crystal display, constituted by at least one layer of a compensating film to be used in an OCB mode liquid crystal display, the compensating film being formed by a discotic liquid crystalline material having a fixed orientation form of a discotic liquid crystal, the compensating film being disposed between a driving liquid crystal cell and a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates, and the orientation form being a hybrid orientation in which the angle between discotic liquid crystal directors near the upper interface of the film and the film plane and the angle between discotic liquid crystal directors near the lower interface of the film and film plane are different from each other.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are provided a catalyst and a process for the preparation of polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, good particle properties, a narrow composition distribution in copolymerization and a high molecular weight and being less sticky. The catalyst is prepared by contacting the following constituents (1) to (4) with one another:(1) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.p (OR.sup.2).sub.q X.sub.4-p-q, where Me.sup.1 is Zr, Ti or Hf, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, p and q are each an integer in the ranges of 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.4 , provided 0.ltoreq.p+q.ltoreq.4;(2) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.3.sub.m (OR.sup.4).sub.n X.sup.2.sub.z-m-n, where Me.sup.2 is a Group I-III element in the Periodic Table, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline polymer film formed from a liquid crystalline polymer the orientation structure of which is smectic CA phase fixed. In this orientation structure the angle between C-director in the liquid crystalline polymer and the film plane is not zero. The liquid crystalline polymer film is useful in optical and dynamic applications.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, said solid catalyst component being prepared by reacting the following components [I], [II] and [III] with one another:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting the following components (1), (2) and (3) with one another:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide;(2) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and a compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n where Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.z, X is a halogen atom and R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and(3) a titanium compound represented by the general formula Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.m X.sub.4-m ; where R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom and m is 0.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device of a TN type which is improved on a display contrast, gray scale characteristics and viewing angle characteristics of a display color. A liquid crystal cell of a TN type for drive is sandwiched by a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates and at least one compensating film which has an extinction axis angle of 5 to 90 degrees as an absolute value and an optical rotating angle of 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photoelectric transfer device which comprises a photoelectric transfer element, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and an ultraviolet cut-off layer, said cholesteric liquid crystal layer being arranged between said photoelectric transfer element and said ultraviolet cut-off layer and said ultraviolet cut-off layer being arranged at the side for the incidence of light. According to this invention, there is provided a colorful photoelectric transfer device which is prepared at an inexpensive cost without a marked decrease in the generation efficiency of the photoelectric transfer element and is fit to be used over a prolonged period.

Abstract: There are provided liquid crystalline polyesters comprising 4'-hydroxy-4-stilbenecarboxylic acid type units, dicarboxylic acid units acting as a mesogen such as 4,4'-stilbenecarboxylic acid and catechol units as essential ingredients, and a liquid crystalline polyester composition comprising said polyesters and optically active liquid crystalline polyesters consisting essentially of 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid type units and aliphatic diol units having asymmetric carbons.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having improved and broadened viewing angle characteristics. The device includes a liquid crystal cell of the twisted nematic type for driving sandwiched by a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates in which at least one compensating film is inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the upper polarizing plate or between the liquid crystal cell and the lower polarizing plate. Alternatively, two compensating films are respectively inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the upper polarizing plate and between the liquid crystal cell and the lower polarizing plate. The compensating film consists essentially of a liquid crystalline polymer showing optically a positive uniaxiality, the liquid crystalline polymer being fixed in a nematic hybrid orientational order.

Abstract: A carbonaceous preform, which is free from such drawbacks as delamination and is superior in formability and mass productivity, can be obtained by a process comprising the steps of fixing a laminate of stacked carbon fibers with a fixing jig in the absence of a binder, impregnating the thus-fixed laminate with a molten carbonaceous pitch, and carbonizing the impregnated laminate in a non-oxidative gas atmosphere.

Abstract: As a compensator for use in an OCB mode liquid crystal display there is provided a compensating film capable of making color compensation and attaining such a viewing angle expansion as has not been attainable heretofore.A compensating film for a liquid crystal display, constituted by at least one layer of a compensating film to be used in an OCB mode liquid crystal display, the compensating film being formed by a discotic liquid crystalline material having a fixed orientation form of a discotic liquid crystal, the compensating film being disposed between a driving liquid crystal cell and a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates, and the orientation form being a hybrid orientation in which the angle between discotic liquid crystal directors near the upper interface of the film and the film plane and the angle between discotic liquid crystal directors near the lower interface of the film and film plane are different from each other.

Abstract: A compensating film capable of compensating both twist structure based on a liquid crystal cell and refractive index anisotropy to diminish the visual angle dependence of a liquid crystal display is provided.The film is formed using a discotic liquid crystalline material and the orientation form of the discotic liquid crystal is a twisted orientation.

Abstract: Polyolefins exhibiting better particle properties are prepared by polymerizing an olefin or olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component being prepared by the reaction of the following components ?I! and ?II!:?I! a reaction product obtained by reacting the following components (1), (2) and (3) with one another:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide;(2) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.z, X is a halogen atom, and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and(3) a titanium compound represented by the general formula Ti(OR).sub.n X.sub.4-n wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, and n is 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.

Abstract: A light modulating material having an excellent energy saving effect as window materials and others which comprises as a main component member a laminate wherein a liquid crystalline material is placed over at least one light transmitting substrate, said laminate having properties of a light transmittance of not less than 50% at a wavelength of 400-750 nm at an overall temperature from not lower than 273K to not higher than 313K, a light transmittance of not less than 60% at a wavelength of 750-2000 nm at an overall temperature from not lower than 273K to low than 288K and a light transmittance of not more than 40% and a light reflectance of not less than 50% at a wavelength of 750-2000 nm at a wavelength of 750-2000 nm at an overall temperature from not lower than 298K to not higher than 313K.

Abstract: A polyethylene article such as film or fiber having high strength and high elastic modulus is produced by orienting an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity at 135.degree. C. in decalin of 5 to 50 dl/g, said ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene being prepared by homo- or copolymerizing ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system and hydrogen, said catalyst system comprising (1) a solid catalyst component containing at least magnesium, titanium and/or vanadium, (2) an organometallic compound and (3) a compound represented by the following general formula ?I!: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue, with the proviso that any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may conjointly form a cyclic hydrocarbon residue.

Abstract: According to the present invention there are provided a catalyst component, a catalyst using the catalyst component and a process using the catalyst, for the preparation of olefin polymers high in molecular weight and relatively wide in molecular weight distribution, using an extremely small amount of a modified organoaluminum compound such as methylaluminoxane and in high yield. The catalyst component is prepared by contacting at least the following constituents (1), (2), (3) and (4) with one another:(1) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.p (OR.sup.2).sub.q X.sub.4-p-q where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, Me is Zr, Ti or Hf, p and q are each an integer in the ranges of 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.4, provided 0.ltoreq.p+q.ltoreq.4;(2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas 1 to 4:General formula 1: Me.sup.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for replenishing the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine involving, during operation of the engine, continuously supplying a predetermined quantity of new oil from a reserve tank in which lubricating oil is stored to a holding region for lubricating oil circulated to the engine. As a result, an adequate effective extension of the life of the lubricating oil can be achieved, so that maintenance of the engine lubricating oil can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: Olefin is polymerized using a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, the solid catalyst component being prepared by reacting 1 a reaction product obtained by reacting the reaction product of Si oxide and/or Al oxide and Ti compound or both Ti compound and V compound (Ti.V component) with organic Al compound, with 2 a reaction product obtained by the reaction of Mg halide, a compound of the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n and Ti.V component (optional component), and further reacting the reaction product of the above 1 and 2 with 3 a compound of the general formula R.sub.p Si(OR).sub.q X.sub.4-p-q.

Abstract: A process for producing a process for producing a two- or three-dimensional carbon fabric, which process includes melt-spinning (a) an optically anisotropic carbonaceous pitch having an optically anisotropic phase content of 60 to 100%, subjecting the thus- infusibilized fibers to a primary heat treatment at a temperature greater than 1000.degree. and not higher than 2500.degree. C. to produce primary heat treated fibers having a tensile strength not lower than 300 kg/mm.sup.2 and a breaking elongation in the range of 0.4% to 10%, preparing a two- or three-dimensional fabric from the primary heat treated fibers and then subjecting the two- or three-dimensional fabric to a secondary heat treatment at a temperature which is at least 50.degree. higher than the temperature used in the primary heat treatment, the temperature in the secondary heat treatment being higher than 1050.degree. C. and no higher than 3300.degree. C.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon composite is prepared without using any expensive carbon fiber fabric and without performing any complicated molding step prior to a densifying step. More specifically, a pitch-based infusiblized fiber alone, or optionally in the form of a mixture thereof with a pitch-based carbonized fiber, is subjected to carbonization and molding under uniaxial pressing to obtain a carbon/carbon composite preform. The preform is then densified using a carbonaceous matrix.