Abstract: An effective catalyst carrier for use in the polymerization of olefins is provided.Said carrier comprises particles of silicon oxide or aluminum oxide satisfying the following characteristics (A) to (E):(A) An average particle diameter as measured by the sieving method is in the range of 20 to 150 .mu.m.(B) A specific surface area as measured by the BET method is in the range of 150 to 600 m.sup.2 /g.(C) The volume of pores ranging in pore radius from 18 to 1,000 Angstroms as measured by the mercury penetration method is in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 cm.sup.3 /g.(D) An apparent specific gravity as measured according to JIS K6220-6.8 is not lower than 0.32.(E) After the particles classified in the range of between 53 .mu.m and 75 .mu.m by the sieving method have been subjected to an ultrasonic disintegration treatment at 40 KHz, 35 W, for 20 minutes, the proportion of 50 .mu.m or smaller particles, i.e., degree of ultrasonic disintegration, is not more than 30%.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a compensator for a liquid crystal display superior in the color compensating performance, capable of making color compensation of a high-speed STN-LCD and capable of freely changing the value of wavelength dispersion. The compensator is obtained by using a liquid crystalline polyester which contains 4-hydroxycinnamic acid units and catechol units as constituent units.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline polymer film useful as a high functional optical element is provided. Said liquid crystalline polymer film is formed on a substrate and having at least a tilt orientation fixed, and said tilt orientation is such that the angle between a director of said liquid crystalline polymer and a flat surface of said substrate is in the range of 5 to 85 degrees in terms of an average value.

Abstract: Disclosed are 1) compositions comprising isolated monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof that promote the folding of a polypeptide chain in vitro, 2) monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof, immobilized on a solid surface, that promote also the folding of a polypeptide chain in vitro, 3) methods for preparing and/or immobilizing the monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof, and 4) methods for folding polypeptide chains, specifically polypeptide chains expressed in a heterologous expression system, in vitro using the monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provide a catalyst capable of affording an olefin homopolymer or copolymer having a high molecular weight and a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, in high yield, using an extremely small amount of a modified organoaluminum compound (particularly methylaluminoxane).The catalyst comprises the modified organoaluminum compound and a catalyst component comprising the following compounds (1) and (2): (1) a compound represented by the general formula R.sub.p MX.sub.4-p where M is a transition metal of Group IVa in the Periodic Table, R is cyclopentadienyl, substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, substituted indenyl, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, provided Rs may be bonded together through an alkylene groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and/or silylene group, X is a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and p is a number satisfying the condition of 1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.

Abstract: A polyolefin having superior particle properties such as an extremely high bulk density, a large average particle diameter and a narrow particle size distribution, and having a narrow molecular weight distribution, is obtained in high yield, by polymerizing an olefin, using a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, the solid catalyst component being obtained by reacting a) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide, the reaction product of an organomagnesium compound and a compound of the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.Z-n, and a titanium compound, in the presence of ROH, and further reacting the resulting reaction product with a compound of the general formula AlR.sub.q X.sub.3-q.

Abstract: A viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display having characteristics such as being able to diminish the visual angle dependency of the liquid crystal display is provided. The viewing angle compensator of the present invention comprises a light transmitting base and a film of a liquid crystalline polymer formed on the base, the liquid crystalline polymer taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index in any direction within the plane of the polymer and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point thereof.

Abstract: Polyolefins having better particle properties are obtained by polymerizing olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, the said solid catalyst component being prepared by reacting the following components [I] and [II] and further reacting the resulting reaction product with the following component [III]:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide, and(2) a titanium compound, or a titanium compound and a vanadium compound, and further reacting the resulting reaction product with:(3) an organoaluminum compound;[II] a reaction product obtained by the reaction of:(1) a magnesium halide, and(2) a compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a viewing angle compensator for liquid crystal displays which diminishes the view angle dependency of the liquid crystal display. More specifically, the method of making the view angle compensator involves applying a coating of an optically active polyester containing as a constituent a hydrocarbon unit selected from the group consisting of bulky aromatic units, polycyclic hydrocarbon units and ortho-substituted aromatic units, or a composition containing a liquid crystalline polyester which contains the said hydrocarbon unit as a constituent and also contains an optically active compound to a light transmitting substrate. The foregoing coating is heat-treated at a temperature higher than the glass transition point of the polyester to form a cholesteric orientation. The heat-treated coating is thereafter cooled to a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature to solidify a cholesteric structure.

Abstract: Pitch-based carbon fibers superior in compression characteristics are obtained by mixing a polycyclic aromatic compound and a hydrogen donating compound at a mole ratio of the latter to the former in the range of 0.1 to 10, polymerizing the resulting mixture at a temperature of 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst, then removing the catalyst, thereafter heat-treating the resulting polymer to obtain a pitch containing 5-40% of anisotropic spheres of 5-60 .mu.m, having a total amount of aliphatic hydrogen of 25-50% and an amount of aliphatic hydrogen after .beta. of 5-25% and containing not more than 30% of oriented carbon based on a total amount of aromatic carbon, then spinning said pitch, then making the resulting pitch fiber infusible and subjecting the pitch fiber thus rendered infusible to a carbonization treatment.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil composition for a fluoroalkane refrigerant comprises a base oil composed principally of at least one oxygen-containing compound and, based on the total weight of the composition, [I] 0.5-5.0 wt. % of a phosphate ester represented by the formula (A), and [II] (a) 0.1-5.0 wt. % of a halogenated phosphate ester represented by the formula (B) and/or (b) 0.01-2.0 wt. % of an acid phosphate ester represented by the formula (C), an amine salt thereof or a combination of both the acid phosphate ester and the amine salt. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent a C.sub.1-18 hydrocarbon or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group or a group similar to the C.sub.

Abstract: Polyolefins exhibiting better particle properties are prepared by polymerizing an olefin or olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, said solid catalyst component being prepared by the reaction of the following components [I] and [II]:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting the following components (1), (2) and (3) with one another in the presence of a compound represented by the general formula ROH wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an organic residue containing such an element as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or chlorine:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide;(2) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline polymer film useful as a high functional optical element is provided. Said liquid crystalline polymer film is formed on a substrate and having at least a tilt orientation fixed, and said tilt orientation is such that the angle between a director of said liquid crystalline polymer and a flat surface of said substrate is in the range of 5 to 85 degrees in terms of an average value.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display capable of diminishing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display.The viewing angle compensator comprises a light transmitting substrate and a film of a specific liquid crystalline polyester, the liquid crystalline polyester taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index at least in one direction in a plane and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.The viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display can be greatly diminished and thus the viewing angle compensator of the present invention contributes to the realization of high-grade displays and higher performance of a liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: A burner for burning liquid fuel is provided, which atomizes liquid fuel together with an atomizing medium mixed with the fuel. The inhibition of generation of NOx in exhaust gas and that of generation of soot and dust are caused to be compatible by the burner, and the manufacturing properties are improved and the turndown ratio is increased.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsion fuel composition which contains heavy oils, such as bitumen and asphalt, wherein the heavy oil emulsion fuel composition can be used as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel oils, and has an enhanced combustion efficiency to thereby reduce the content of soot, dust and nitrogen oxides after combustion, which comprises (a) 40 to 85% by weight of a heavy oil, (b) 10 to 40% by weight of water, (c) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a surfactant and (d) at least 0.1% by weight of at least one component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds having in its molecule two or more hydroxyl groups, monohydric alcohols having 6 or more carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel liquid crystalline polyester comprising structural units represented by the following general formulae A, B, C and D: ##STR1## where X and Y are each independently H, Cl, Br or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the molar ratio of A/B is in the range from 49/1 to 20/30 and that of C/D is in the range from 10/40 to 45/5.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in a vapor phase polymerization of olefins, there is provided an efficient polyolefin manufacturing process capable of preventing the formation of a sheet-like polymer and allowing an olefin polymerization reaction to be started stably.

Abstract: A compensator for a liquid crystal display device is made by applying a solution containing a liquid crystalline polymer onto an orientation substrate, then allowing the liquid crystalline polymer to be oriented, and thereafter transferring the resulting layer of the liquid crystalline polymer on the orientation substrate onto a light transmitting substrate, said solution containing the liquid crystalline polymer having incorporated therein 0.01% to 10% by weight of a surface active agent relative to the liquid crystalline polymer.

Abstract: An oil-in-water type heavy oil emulsion fuel having a specific and broad particle size distribution which has a viscosity close to that of water, can be sufficiently atomized at a temperature of room temperature to 90.degree. C., is excellent in the handleability and fluidity, despite a very high heavy oil concentration, and has a very excellent stability such that neither precipitation nor increase in the viscosity occurs even after storage for a long period of time is prepared according to the present invention. Oil-in-water type heavy oil emulsion fuel according to the present invention can be used as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel oil without modification of the boilers. Further, the combustion efficiency of the heavy oil emulsion fuel according to the present invention is high and it is possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides after combustion.