Abstract: It is intended to provide a liquid crystalline polyester whose orientation in the state of liquid crystal can be easily immobilized as glass phase and which is suitable for application to optical elements.A liquid crystalline polyester comprising repeating units a, b, c and d represented by the following general formulae: ##STR1## where X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom, Cl, Br or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the repeating units a, b, c and d being in mole ratios such that (a+b)/(c+d) is approximately 1, a/b is in the range from 98/2 to 50/50 and c/d is in the range from 70/30 to 10/90.

Abstract: Polyolefins having a high molecular weight, an appropriate molecular weight distribution and a relatively narrow composition distribution are prepared in high activity.The polymerization of an olefin or olefins is performed in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component and a modified organoaluminum compound, the catalyst component being prepared by mutually contacting (1) a compound of the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n and (2) an alkali metal salt of cyclopentadiene or indene and optionally (3) a compound of the general formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.3-m, and the modified organoaluminum compound and water and containing Al--O--Al bond(s).

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery, comprising an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer which is substantially in direct contact with the electrode, the polymer layer containing at least a polymer having a crosslinked structure. There is also provided an alkaline storage battery using such negative zinc electrode and in which the occurrence of dendrites and shape change is suppressed.

Abstract: Polyolefins exhibiting better particle properties are prepared by polymerizing an olefin or olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, the solid catalyst component being prepared by reacting the following components [I] and [II] at first and then reacting the reaction product thus obtained with the following component [III]:[I] a reaction product obtained by reacting:(1) a silicon oxide and/or an aluminum oxide, and(2) a titanium compound, or a titanium compound and a vanadium compound,[II] a reaction product obtained by the reaction of:(1) a magnesium halide,(2) a compound represented by the general formula Me(OR).sub.n X.sub.z-n wherein Me represents an element of J Groups I to IV in the Periodic Table, z represents the valence of the element Me, n is 0<n.ltoreq.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and means of producing novel growth hormone-like proteins derived from the pituitary gland of fishes belonging to the order Pleuronectina, the family Paralichthydae, which are useful in the growth promotion for fishes, by genetic engineering using cloned genes.

Abstract: A process for producing an optical element using a liquid crystalline polymer and superior in heat resistance is provided. In a process for producing an optical element comprising a light transmitting substrate, an alignment film formed on the substrate and a layer of a liquid crystalline polymer formed on the alignment film, or in a process for producing an optical element, involving transferring a layer of a liquid crystalline polymer formed on an orientating substrate onto a light transmitting substrate, the said liquid crystalline polymer being a heat-polymerizable polymer which exhibits a nematic orientation or a twisted nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and which assumes a glassy state at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point thereof, the liquid crystalline polymer layer is heat-treated during an orientating treatment, or after fixing of the orientation obtained, or after the transfer.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel polyester which is optically active, can be prepared easily and inexpensively and is superior in stability and solubility in solvents.A liquid crystalline polyester consisting essentially of repeating units represented by the following formulae (a), (b), or (b') and (c): ##STR1## where the repeating unit c contains an optically active carbon and X is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, the repeating units a, b or b' and c being in mole ratios such that a/b is in the range from 95/5 to 5/95, a/b' is range from 95/5 to 50/50 and (a+b)/c or (a+b')/c is approximately 1.

Abstract: A negative zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery capable of suppressing the occurrence of dendrite and shape change is provided. The negative zinc electrode comprises an electrode using zinc as an active material and a polymer layer formed substantially in direct contact with the electrode, the polymer layer comprising a polymer having an oxygen permeability constant of not less than 1.times.10.sup.-10 cm.sup.3 (STP) cm.sup.-1 s.sup.-1 cmHg.sup.-1.

Abstract: Silicon-containing organic compounds useful as starting materials of functional polymer materials, as well as a process for preparing the same, are provided. The silicon-containing organic compounds are represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a .pi. conjugated type divalent organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 is a halogen atom, m and n satisfy the conditions of 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.2 and n.gtoreq.2, respectively. A compound of the above general formula is prepared by reacting an organometallic compound of the following general formula:M.sup.1 -R.sup.1 -M.sup.2where M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are each a metal selected from Group 1, 2 and 12 metals in the Periodic Table, with a silane compound of the following general formula: ##STR2## where R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are each a halogen atom.

Abstract: A compensator for liquid crystal display which is composed of:a light transmitting base;an alignment layer formed on said base; anda film formed on said alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a twisted nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and which assumes the state of glass at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point thereof.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material having a high nonlinear optical constant useful for frequency doubler of laser beam which comprises a chiral smectic C liquid crystalline polyester consisting essentially of the structural units having the general formulae (A), (B) and (C); ##STR1## Wherein X is a structural unit selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Wherein Y is a group having at least one optically active carbon and the total carbon number of Y is 3-12. ##STR3## wherein n is an integer of 2-10.

Abstract: Ethylene and optionally an .alpha.-olefin are polymerized in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, said solid catalyst component being obtained by mutually contacting the following components:(A) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a magnesium halide and a compound represented by the general formula Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.4 wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;(B) a reaction product obtained by the reaction of an aluminum halide and a compound represented by the general formula Si(OR.sup.2).sub.4 wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and(C) a compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, are each a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and m is an integer in the range of 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.

Abstract: A cushion or trackbed material for use in a riding-ground is obtained by coating sand with a carboxyl-containing olefin polymer and an oxygen-containing wax.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compensator for liquid crystal display comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment layer formed on the base, and a film formed on the alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which contains as a main component a polyester consisting essentially of structural units (A) and (B) represented by the following formulae: ##STR1## (B) --O--R--O-- where R represents a straight chain or branched, divalent, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in which the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by halogen, phenyl, or alkoxy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal color display device comprising;a liquid crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer positioned between the substrates and transparent electrodes on the substrates to apply voltage to the layer;a pair of polarizers positioned on opposite sides of the cell; anda combination of a color filter film and an optical phase plate positioned between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the polarizers:wherein the phase plate comprises a film of liquid crystal polymer composition having polyester as a main constituent, being thermotropic and having a glass transition point, and the device is high in productivity, light in weight, good in color reproducibility, good in contrast, excellent in color tone display dependency upon viewing angle and wide in viewing angle.

Abstract: A chiral smectic C liquid crystalline polyester consisting essentially of structural units (A), (B) and (C) of the following formulae:______________________________________ (A) ##STR1## 40-60 mole % (B) ##STR2## 1-60 mole % which is optically active and wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or chlorine, and l is an integer of 1 to 4, and (C) OR'O 0-59 mole % ______________________________________wherein R' represents a straight chain or branched divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An optical rotator comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment film layer formed on said base, and a film layer formed of a liquid crystalline polymer. The film layer exhibits a twisted nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and assumes a glassy state at a temperature below a liquid crystal transition point of the polymer. The polymer is a polyester which includes an ortho-substituted aromatic unit.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon composite is prepared by impregnating a bundle of carbon fibers with a polymer of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, carbonizing the thus-impregnated carbon fiber bundle under pressure or under pressing and, optionally, further carbonizing the thus-carbonized carbon fiber bundle at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A compensator for liquid crystal display is produced by transferring a compensating layer formed by a liquid crystalline polymer on an orientating base onto a light transmitting base.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon composite is prepared by polymerizing a polycyclic aromatic compound in the presence of a coupling agent, then impregnating a bundle of carbon fibers with the resulting polymer, then carbonizing the thus-impregnated carbon fiber bundle under pressure or under pressing, and optionally, further carbonizing the thus-carbonized carbon fiber bundle at atmospheric pressure.