Abstract: A method of providing a cosmetic product or a cleaning composition with defoaming properties, includes adding to the cosmetic product or the cleaning composition a triethanolamine product mixture which has not been distilled and which is composed of a major part by weight of triethanolamine; a minor part by weight of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. Preferably, the triethanolamine product mixture is composed of from 60-90% by weight of triethanolamine; from 10-40% by weight of a mixture of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.

Abstract: Process water from pulp manufacture is purified in a separator device by mechanical or a combination of mechanical and chemical methods and is thereafter evaporated, at least part of the concentrate resulting from the evaporation being recycled and mixed with the process water fed into the separator device. In a preferred embodiment, a precipitant is added to the mixed water comprising the process water and the concentrate. The part of the concentrate not recycled and mixed with the process water is supplied, optionally after further evaporation, with an acid to a pH of 1-5, whereupon resulting flocs and precipitates are removed in a separator device.

Abstract: The process of providing functional fluids with at least one of corrosion inhibiting ability or defoaming properties, including adding to a functional fluid a triethanolamine product mixture containing a major part (at least 50%, preferably from 60-90%) by weight of at least one triethanolamine; a minor part (preferably from 10-40%) by weight of diethanolmono-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine and monoethanoldi-C.sub.3-4 -alkanolamine; and less than 1% by weight of a mixture of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. Preferably the functional fluid is an aqueous metal working fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical process for the production of sulphuric acid and alkali metal hydroxide, from an aqueous anolyte containing alkali metal sulphate. According to the invention, crystalline alkali metal sulphate is added to the anolyte, whereby the concentration of water can be maintained below about 55 percent by weight. In the electrolysis, the anolyte is brought to an electrochemical cell with a cation exchange membrane. In the cell, sulphuric acid and oxygen are formed in the anode compartment and alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen in the cathode compartment. The steps normally preceding the electrolysis, i.e. dissolution and purification of the sulphate can be disposed of, since the process is less sensitive to impurities than the processes of the prior art. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for the production of sulphuric acid and alkali metal hydroxide according to the invention.

Abstract: A method for generating chlorine dioxide by reduction of sodium chlorate includes electrolyzing sodium sulfate by-product to form acid. The acid is then used to acidify the chlorine dioxide generating solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for electrolytic production of alkali metal chlorate where the demand of pH-adjusting chemicals is largely covered by integrated production of acid and alkali metal hydroxide. The process consists in electrolyzing a partial flow of chlorate electrolyte produced, in a cell provided with a separator, for producing a catholyte containing alkali metal hydroxide and an anolyte containing hydrochloric acid. The catholyte and the anolyte are used in alkalization and acidification in the chlorate process, thus significantly reducing the admission of impurities via externally produced chemicals.

Abstract: A process for producing chloric acid, which involves introducing a metal chlorate solution and an acid into separate compartments of an electrodialysis cell to produce a chloric acid solution.

Abstract: Production of ketene dimers from fatty acid halides by reaction with tertiary amines whereby the tertiary amine is used both as a reactant and as a solvent/diluent. In the process at least 1.15 moles of tertiary amine is used per mole of fatty acid halide and the process is carried out in the substantial absence of an additional solvent, whereby the produced ketene dimer is obtained by stripping of the tertiary amine followed by separation of formed crystals of tertiary amine hydrogen halide by acid extraction.

Abstract: A particulate alkaline detergent contains an alkaline agent and an alkali perborate hydrate and/or an alkali carbonate peroxohydrate as bleaching agent. As a result of coating at least the alkaline agent or the bleaching agent with an alkyl glycoside or an alkyl glycamide, the detergent has a low tendency to caking as well as excellent cleaning capacity. The alkyl glycoside is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -alkyl glycoside having a degree of polymerization of 1-4, and the alkyl glycamide has formula (I), wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having 6-10 carbon atoms. A bleaching agent and an alkaline agent coated with the alkyl glycoside and/or the alkyl glycamide are also disclosed.

Abstract: An alkyd composition which is one of an aqueous emulsion or an aqueous microemulsion and which is autoxidatively drying, including an alkyd which is autoxidatively-drying; and an emulsifier which at least partly consists of an alkoxylate of monoalkanolamide of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a polyunsaturated alkyl group having 7-23 carbon atoms, X is an alkyleneoxy group derived from an alkylene oxide having 2-3 carbon atoms, m is 2-4, and n is 2-30.

Abstract: An initiating element of non-primary explosive type comprising a confinement containing secondary explosive, having a first end adapted for ignition of the secondary explosive by igniting means, optionally via delay and flame-conducting pyrotechnic compositions, a second end adapted for delivering a detonation impuls and a intermediate portion in which the secondary explosive upon ignition is able to undergo a deflagration to detonation transition. At least a part of the secondary explosive is modified to give increased reaction rates at low pressures.

Abstract: A plug flow process for the production of chlorine dioxide by reacting chloric acid and/or an alkali metal chlorate, optionally a mineral acid and a reducing agent in such proportions that chlorine dioxide is produced. Reactants are continuously fed to a plug flow reactor under conditions that chloride dioxide is produced as the reactants flow through the reactor. The process stream has an acidity between 2N and 11N. The process stream is subjected to superatmospheric pressure in the reactor sufficient to maintain the formed chlorine dioxide in solution. After removal of the chlorine dioxide from the process stream exiting the plug flow reactor, the process stream can optionally be fed to a second chlorine dioxide generator for further reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sized paper containing a hydrophobic zeolite. Suitably, the sized paper is fine paper, kraft liner or paperboard. In paperboard intended for solid or liquid foodstuffs, tobacco or medicines, use is also made of the capacity of the zeolite to reduce, by adsorption, the problem of transfer from the package to its content of substances causing undesirable taste or hazardous substances. The present invention also relates to a method for production of the sized paper by forming and dewatering a suspension of lignocellulose-containing fibres, where the dewatering is carried out in the presence of a hydrophobic zeolite. Due to the inert nature of the zeolite, it can be used in papermaking within a very broad pH range. The present invention also relates to the use of a hydrophobic zeolite for the production of sized paper as well as use of the thus-sized paper in packaging material.

Abstract: Silica sols having a high content of microgel and aluminum modified particles with high specific surface area. The sols can be prepared by a process comprising acidification of a water glass solution, alkalization at a certain dry substance content, particle growth and aluminum modification. The sols are particularly suitable for use as additives, in combination with cationic polymers, in papermaking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing calcium ions and silicon compounds from various liquors produced or obtained in an alkali metal chlorate process, thereby reducing the operating cost and improving the possibility to close the process further. The calcium ions and silicon compounds are removed by addition of carbonate ions for precipitating calcium carbonate and by addition of an iron-containing compound for forming and precipitating a complex of iron ions and a silicon compound, whereupon the precipitates are co-separated from the liquor. The removal of calcium and silicate ions is substantially facilitated by the simultaneous separation of the precipitates. Subsequently, the excess of carbonate ions can be reduced by acidifying the electrolyte for releasing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing fish-borne parasites from spreading to a watercourse (1) or a limited area (4) of a watercourse (1) without such parasites. According to the invention, all the fish to pass into the area (4) are forced to go through a bath of water containing an active substance which kills or removes from the fish the parasite or parasites which should be prevented from spreading, without killing or seriously injuring the fish. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.

Abstract: Wood-resin-containing process water or wastewater from the pulp industry is purified by adding, as flocculants, a high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide and a water-soluble, non-ionic cellulose ether, suitably having a flocculation temperature of 35.degree.-80.degree. C. The added amount per liter of water is preferably 2-20 mg of the high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide and preferably 5-30 mg of the non-ionic cellulose ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating sulphate from an aqueous electrolyte in an alkali metal chlorate process, thereby reducing the operating cost and increasing the possibility of further closing the electrolytical production of alkali metal chlorate. Calcium ions are added to a portion of the electrolyte, for precipitating calcium sulphate. By adjusting the pH within the range of from 4.6 up to about 7, and combining the temperature, content of ions and the molar ratio between sulphate and calcium ions added in a suitable manner, the calcium sulphate will precipitate predominantly as gypsum and essentially without inclusions and/or co-precipitation of chromium-containing compounds or chlorate. The precipitate is subsequently removed from the portion of electrolyte, whereafter the thus purified portion of electrolyte is recycled to the chlorate process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O from about 1.5 to about 3, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium. The silicate contains from about 1 and up to about 5% by weight of K.sub.2 O based on the dry material and the water content being from about 16 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight.Further, the invention concerns a method of its preparation, its use and a cleaning agent composition containing the silicate above.