Abstract: Use of an alkoxylated alkanolamide of general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having 7-35 carbon atoms, preferably 9-23 carbon atoms, A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and n is 2-20, preferably 3-12, for producing a water-base liquid system with reduced flow resistance between the flowing, water-base liquid system and a solid surface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O from about 1.5 to about 3, in which M is an alkalimetal and substantially consists of sodium and optionally potassium. The silicate contains from about 7 to about 20% by weight of sodium carbonate based on the dry material and has a water content from about 14 to about 22% by weight.Further, the invention concerns a method of preparing the silicate above, use of the same and cleaning agent compositions containing such a silicate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to particles having a core comprising a peroxy compound and a hydrophobic coating comprising:(a) a hydrophobic substance selected from saturated fats, waxes or phosphatides;(b) a surfactant dissolved in the hydrophobic substance;(c) water swellable grains;the hydrophobic substance and the surfactant being substantially inert in respect of the peroxy compound.The invention also relates to preparation and use of the particles. Further, the invention relates to a composition containing such coated particles.

Abstract: An agent for controlling parasites on fish consists of an aqueous solution containing more than 1.2 but less than 2.9 g H.sub.2 O.sub.2 per liter. Disclosed are also a method for preparing such an agent and a method for controlling parasites in fish breeding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for bleaching chemically delignified lignocellulose-containing pulp, to render more efficient a peroxide-containing treatment stage, by treating the pulp with a complexing agent before the peroxide step, so that the trace metal profile of the pulp is altered by the treatment with the complexing agent, in the absence of sulphite, at a pH in the range from 3.1 up to 9.0 and at a temperature in the range from 10.degree. C. up to 100.degree. C., whereupon, in a subsequent step, the treatment with a peroxide-containing substance is carried out at a pH in the range from 7 up to 13, said two-step treatment being carried out at an optional position in the bleaching sequence applied to the pulp.

Abstract: A block for enclosing, holding or connecting in a signalling pyrotecnical network exploding pyrotecnic ignition devices, such as cords or detonators. The block comprises, in sequence from a centrally arranged ignition device (9), an inner wall (2) substantially surrounding at least an axial part of the ignition device, an empty space (7), or a material of lower density than in the inner wall, substantially surrounding the inner wall, an outer wall (1) substantially surrounding the inner wall and the space and fixation means (6, 8, 12) for keeping the ignition device, the walls and space in said positions. The block may have an annular inner space (65) or channel spaces between the ignition device and the inner wall and fixation means (35,66,69) for keeping the ignition device, the walls and space in the stated positions, whereby the inner wall is axially slitted (33,64).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to limit the content of impurities in the production of alkali metal chlorate, by integrating the production of chlorate with the production of chlorine and alkali metal hydroxide, which auxiliary chemicals are used in the chlorate process. The alkali metal chlorate is produced by electrolysis of a purified electrolyte containing alkali metal chloride, alkalization of the chlorate electrolyte obtained and precipitation of the chlorate formed by evaporation of the chlorate electrolyte. The very pure water separated in the crystallizer and alkali metal chloride is used in a membrane or diaphragm cell in the production of alkali metal hydroxide, which hydroxide is used in the production of alkali metal chlorate. Either pure chlorine or hydrogen chloride absorbed in water can be used in acidification, at which hydrogen chloride is produced from chlorine and hydrogen generated in the process.

Abstract: In a method for preparing a starch solution, particles containing starch are mixed with cold water and subjected to shear forces, such that any agglomerates formed are broken up, and each individual particle is wetted, whereupon the mixture is heated to at least about 60.degree. C. and maintained in the heated state until the viscosity maximum of the solution has passed. The wetting and the heating take place before a viscosity that is unacceptable from the point of view of handling has been reached.A device for implementing the method, a starch solution prepared in accordance with the method, and the use of such a starch solution for making paper are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cellulose fibre containing products in sheet or web form, such as paper and pulp sheets, are produced from a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, to which is added anionic inorganic particles, such as bentonite and silica based particles, and a cationic carbohydrate polymer containing aluminum. The cationic carbohydrate polymers are cationic galactomannans or cationic starch. High cationized starch with a degree of substitution of at least 0.07 are especially suitable.

Abstract: A blasting composition of reduced volume strength relative to straight ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) compositions, containing particulate oxidizer salt, particulate inert and/or density reducing filler and optionally a fuel for modifying the oxygen balance. The composition contains a viscous water-in-oil type emulsion, having a continuous fuel phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase of oxidizing salts, in an amount sufficient for improving adherence between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler, but insufficient for filling out the interstices between the particulate oxidizer salt and the particulate filler.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of a solid free-radical forming initiator, a plant for the preparation, an initiator suspension and use of the suspension in polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The process for the preparation of the suspension comprises the steps of:(a) heating the initiator to its melting point;(b) finely dividing the initiator in water while it is in a molten state;(c) rapid cooling so that the initiator is in a molten state for a period of time which is less than about 5 minutes.The initiator suspension has very small particles and a narrow particle size distribution whereby at least 50% by weight of the particles are smaller than 5 .mu.m and at least 90% by weight of the particles are smaller than 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: Silica particles which are substantially spherical, have a particle size of 1 to 100 .mu.m, a very narrow pore size distribution and a low alkali metal content. The particles can be prepared by sol-gel technique using emulsification technique for drop formation. The process comprises a sol growth step in a basic environment based on ammonium or amines and a post-treatment in such an environment. The silica particles are particularly suitable for use in chromatography as they have very good particle and porosity properties and high purity.

Abstract: A solid surface having anionic groups capable of reacting with imino groups is provided with a hydrophilic outer surface layer comprising a covalently bonded biopolymer by a method selected from the group consisting of:a) reacting a water-soluble conjugate comprising nonionic hydrophilic polymer covalently bonded to a polyethylene imine and at least partly to a biopolymer with anionic groups on the surface;b) reacting a polyethylene imine substituted by nonionic hydrophilic polymer with anionic groups on the surface, and reacting biopolymer with reactive groups of the nonionic hydrophilic polymer in the presence of a reaction medium having a dielectric constant less than 10% of the dielectric constant of pure water; andc) reacting a polyethylene imine substituted by an anionic hydrophilic polymer derived from a nonionic hydrophilic polymer having a cloud point which is at least 5.degree. C.

Abstract: A solid surface having anionic groups capable of reacting with a polyethylene imine substituted at least in part by at least 50% by weight of a hydrophilic nonionic polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 400 to about 200,000 is provided with a hydrophilic biopolymer-repellent outer surface layer thereof by reacting such a polyethylene imine substituted by nonionic hydrophilic polymer with anionic groups on the solid surface, in an amount sufficient to produce biopolymer-repellent solid surface, and accordingly having low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: A process for the production of chlorine dioxide by reacting an alkali metal chlorate, mineral acid and a reducing agent in such proportions that chlorine dioxide is produced in a reaction medium which is maintained at a temperature of 50.degree. C.-100.degree. C. and at an acidity within a range of 2-12 N and which is subjected to subatmospheric pressure sufficient for evaporating water. A mixture of chlorine dioxide and water vapour is withdrawn from an evaporation zone in the reaction vessel, and alkali metal sulphate is precipitated in a crystallization zone in the reaction vessel. The precipitated alkali metal sulphate is contacted with a saturated water solution of alkali metal sulphate whereafter neutral alkali metal sulphate is precipitated and dissolved in water. The water solution is brought to an electrochemical membrane cell in which sulphuric acid is formed in the anode compartment and alkali metal hydroxide in the cathode compartment.

Abstract: A process for covalently bonding biopolymer, such as protein, to an organic polymer surface coated with hydrophilic nonionic polymer having groups reactive with the biopolymer and having a cloud point in the reaction medium that is at least 5.degree. C. above the temperature at which the coated organic polymer surface is to be used, which comprises reacting biopolymer with the surface in an aqueous reaction medium, at a temperature not less than 5.degree. C. below the cloud point; but not above a temperature at which the biopolymer is deleteriously affected, and preferably not above about 100.degree. C., the product comprises a biopolymer immobilized on a hydrophilic solid surface having a nonionic polymer and a hydrophilic layer, coupled thereto via biopolymer-reactive groups of the nonionic polymer, and accordingly has low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of a toner, which comprises dissolving or dispersing a compound having at least one >C.dbd.N.sup..sym. < bond in its molecule and a colorant in a vinyl monomer and then suspension-polymerizing the vinyl monomer in an aqueous dispersion medium.

Abstract: A process for covalently bonding biopolymer, such as protein, to an organic polymer surface coated with hydrophilic nonionic polymer having groups reactive with the biopolymer, which comprises reacting biopolymer with the surface in a nonpolar reaction medium, preferably a microemulsion, containing from about 0.5 to about 25% water by weight, having a dielectric constant less than 10% of the dielectric constant of pure water; and the product comprises a biopolymer immobilized on a hydrophilic solid surface having a nonionic polymer and a hydrophilic layer, coupled thereto via biopolymer-reactant groups of the nonionic polymer, and accordingly has low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of bleaching particles containing calcium carbonate by keeping them in contact with an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and having a pH-value below 8.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a particulate agent for chemical and/or physical treatment of a fluid, such as a gas containing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x, contains at least two particle types of different activity, the particle weight and/or particle size of each type lying within separate ranges. The agent may also contain catalyst particles for reducing NO.sub.x, and particles for absorbing SO.sub.x.The invention also concerns a method and a plant for treating a fluid with the inventive particulate agent.