Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting multi-tier deterministic networking are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting multi-tier deterministic networking may be configured to support provisioning of deterministic flows in multi-tier deterministic networking. Various example embodiments for supporting multi-tier deterministic networking may be configured to support adaptive deterministic routing in multi-tier deterministic networks. Various example embodiments for supporting multi-tier deterministic networking may be configured to support score-based deterministic routing in multi-tier deterministic networks. Various example embodiments for supporting multi-tier deterministic networking may be configured to support adaptive deterministic routing and/or score-based deterministic routing in multi-tier deterministic networks based on analysis of a state representation for path and/or sub-path selection in multi-tier deterministic networks.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting egress rerouting of data packets in communication devices are presented herein. The egress rerouting of a data packet in a communication device may be performed by rerouting a data packet received via an ingress forwarding element of the communication device from a first egress forwarding element of the communication device associated with a primary next-hop for the data packet to a second egress forwarding element of the communication device associated with a secondary next-hop for the data packet.

Abstract: An optimal arrangement for a configurable smart antenna in a wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi) network having zero, one, or more other mesh nodes is determined by characterizing the network performance for each possible arrangement by determining a number of connected devices (e.g., either client devices or mesh nodes) and one or more other performance parameters. If one arrangement has more connected devices than any other, then that arrangement is selected. If two or more arrangements have the same greatest number of connected devices, then one or more other performance parameters are applied either serially or in parallel to select the optimal arrangement. In some implementations, the other performance parameters are sums or averages for all connected devices. In other implementations, the other performance parameters are for only a selected priority device, where the selected arrangement must connect to the priority device.

Abstract: An optical receiver, e.g., for an Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC), whose optical front end comprises a polarization-diversity coherent optical receiver configured to receive a conventional intensity-modulated (e.g., OSC) signal. Four quadrature components of the received OSC signal detected by the polarization-diversity coherent optical receiver are sampled at a relatively high sampling rate and are used to calculate the Stokes parameters of the OSC signal. As a result, the Stokes parameters can be updated at the high sampling rate, which can be suitably selected to enable polarization tracking with a relatively high time resolution and/or at relatively high SOP-rotation speeds. The four detected quadrature components are appropriately combined in the receiver DSP to determine the intensity of the received OSC signal, which is then used in a conventional manner to recover the OSC data encoded therein.

Abstract: A first device in a communication network receives from at least one second device in the communication network, a first request for acquiring a token, the token being permission for communicating with a third device. Based on the first request, a device from the at least one second device and the first device as a communication device is selected for providing a communication service to the third device in the communication network; and the token is transmitted to the communication device. The communication device receives the token for communicating with the third device. Other devices receive key information associated with communication of the third device from the first device, and monitor data associated with the communication of the third device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is configured to perform mapping an interleaved bit stream into a sequence of 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) labels according to a mapping scheme, with a respective PAM4 label including a least significant bit (LSB) and a most significant bit (MSB) respectively corresponding to a bit in the interleaved bit stream; transmitting a sequence of PAM4 symbols generated based on the sequence of PAM4 labels to the ONUs; and wherein, bits from respective one of the N codewords are assigned to LSBs of a first subset of labels, and to MSBs of a second subset of labels, with the first and the second subset of labels being determined based on the interleaving scheme and the mapping scheme and respectively comprising labels located N labels apart in the sequence of PAM4 labels.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks may be configured to support stateless multicast in multi-domain packet distribution networks. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks may be configured to support stateless multicast in multi-domain packet distribution networks which may be based on Internet Protocol (IP). Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in a multi-domain packet distribution network may be configured to support multicast of packets based on use of internal multicast packets for multicast communication of the multicast packets within sub-domains of the multi-domain packet distribution network and use of external multicast packets for unicast communication of the multicast packets across or between sub-domains of the multi-domain packet distribution network.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: receive a plurality of signal samples, wherein at least two of the signal samples are received on different carrier frequencies or over different durations; convert the plurality of signal samples to a common data format that stores as entries the samples, a stored entry corresponding to a sample measured with a carrier frequency, a time, and a receive antenna; generate entries of the common data format that are missing due to a sample not being measured with a carrier frequency, time, and receive antenna; wherein the entries of the common data format are ranked, wherein a higher ranking entry is considered more relevant than a relatively lower ranking entry; and generate at least one positioning measurement with a machine learning model, based on the entries of the common data format and the ranking of the entries of the common data format.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for managing traffic flow in a passive optical network (PON) which connects an optical line terminal (OLT) to a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) via an optical distribution network (ODN). The method may comprise obtaining one or more optimization parameters for a target state of the PON. The method may also comprise determining for one or more or each of the ONUs, a respective modulation scheme for communicating data between the OLT and that ONU. The method may further comprise determining a respective power distribution ratio for a distributive element of the ODN for one or more of the ONUs based on the determined modulation scheme and the one or more optimization parameters. Specifically, the distributive element may have a first port and a plurality of second ports.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, in which a feedback loop for tuning a tunable laser includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a photodetector optically coupled to an optical output of the MZI, and an electrical feedback control circuit connected to receive electrical output signals from the photodetector and configured to frequency-adjust the tunable laser based on the received electrical output signals. One arm of the MZI includes an optical resonator to provide a frequency reference for tuning.

Abstract: A technique for presetting the tap values of the equalizer component of an OLT burst mode receiver is used to eliminate (or at least shorten) the conventional equalizer training period, which is known to delay the ability to transmit useful data from the ONU to the OLT. The disclosed technique is based on a collection of three known frequency responses: (1) the ONU transmitter response FT(f); (2) the OLT receiver response FR(f); and (3) a specific fiber frequency response FF(f) calculated for the span connecting the transmitter and receiver. FT(f) and FR(f) are known quantities measured during component testing prior to installation. The frequency response of the fiber span may be determined by a combination of the known ONU transmitter measurements with a measurement of the separation between the ONU and the OLT (“reach”) created during a previous activation (ranging) process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to communication devices, methods, and apparatuses, and a computer-readable medium. The method includes: receiving a plurality of timing synchronization function (TSF) timer values from a plurality of communication devices, and transmitting control information to at least one communication device among the plurality of communication devices based on the plurality of TSF timer values, wherein the control information is for controlling an operation of the at least one communication device on at least one TSF timer value. Therefore, accurate time synchronization in a network is achieved.

Abstract: Technique for distributing encryption keys for Layer 2.5/3 transport using MKA (MACsec (Media Access Control Security) Key Agreement). A transmitting (TX) node generates an MKA packet having a Layer 2 header, an IP header, a UDP header, an IEEE 802.1x header, and an MKA payload containing the encryption key for encrypting a packet flow transmitted from the TX node to a receiving (RX) node. The IEEE 802.1x header includes a Security Channel Identification (SCI) that uniquely identifies the packet flow and the encrypting TX node. The TX node transmits the MKA packet to the RX node via a Layer 3 transport. The RX node receives the MKA packet and obtains the encryption key from the MKA packet. The TX node uses the encryption key to encrypt Layer 2.5/3 transport to the RX node, which uses the encryption key to decrypt the encrypted Layer 2.5/3 transport received from the TX node.

Abstract: A phased approach to training of an upstream burst mode receiver equalizer is disclosed that proceeds incrementally through modulation schemes requiring increasing levels of equalization in a manner where the equalizer maintains the capability to accurately recover data transmitted during each training phase. The phased approach includes an initial training phase (one or more upstream bursts) using a simple modulation format, one or more intermediate phases of different modulation schemes, and a final training phase using the PON-defined (high) line rate upstream modulation format. Equalizer settings generated during the initial phase are used as a starting point for the equalization process in the next training phase, and so on, until the equalizer training reaches the final phase where the ONU uses the PON-defined upstream data rate and the burst mode equalizer is updated accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus, comprising means for: determining a rate for a received signal in a passive optical network, PON; selecting, based on the determined rate, a set of coefficients for an equalizer from a plurality of predetermined sets of coefficients for the equalizer, wherein, the plurality of predetermined sets respectively corresponds to a plurality of rates; equalizing the received signal with the equalizer based on the selected set of coefficients, obtaining an equalized signal.

Abstract: A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network element to: designate a first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions, as a designated broadcast forwarder from which to receive broadcast control traffic, and receive the broadcast control traffic forwarded from the first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions.

Abstract: A network element for network access by a subscriber in a control and user plane separation architecture includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network element to establish a PFCP session to program a set of packet forwarding rules for forwarding data traffic and facilitate network access by the subscriber according to a first set of QoS parameters. The set of packet forwarding rules associate the subscriber with at least a first subscriber group. The first subscriber group includes the first set of QoS parameters that are shared between the subscriber and one or more additional subscribers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatus, and medium for recurrent spiking neural network based equalization and demapping. A first communication device is configured to: obtain at least one parameter for a recurrent spiking neural network at the first communication device, wherein the at least one parameter is generated based on channel condition information between the first communication device and a second communication device; configure the recurrent spiking neural network based on the at least one parameter; and perform equalization and demapping on a signal received from the second communication device based on the recurrent spiking neural network. In this way, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for recurrent spiking neural network based equalization and demapping, thereby implementing a solution of a low power consumption joint equalization and demapping.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting security for containerized applications may be configured to support security for containerized applications deployed to customer devices. Various example embodiments for supporting security for containerized applications that are deployed to customer devices may be configured to properly secure and validate containerized applications that are deployed to customer devices.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, applications employ data packets having a transport header comprising (i) a port number field encoding a vendor private port number and (ii) a tuple field encoding a vendor unique port number comprising a Vendor Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) value and a vendor-specified Vendor Port value. This technique for allocating unique port numbers enables vendors to roll out vendor-proprietary applications at will and without involving any external party. This technique enables faster rollout of vendor-proprietary applications over standard transport protocols without needing to standardize or disclose the details of the application in the public domain. Once standardized, e.g., by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the technique enables any enterprise to roll out its custom/proprietary applications easily.