Abstract: An HPS sodium vapor discharge lamp having a starting aid consisting essentially of a metallic band disposed circumscribing one end of the lamp discharge vessel, and means for applying a voltage to the metallic bond for inducing ionization throughout the volume of the discharge vessel to facilitate lamp starting. The metallic band may define a heat shield for inhibiting thermal radiation from one end of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: The write clock controlling operation of the PIP circuitry (e.g. the analog digital converter in the PIP channel) utilizes a clock signal source having a substantially higher frequency (preferably six times) the desired write clock frequency. This clock signal is applied to a divide by six circuit which has a cycle reset controlled by the horizontal synchronization signal of the incoming PIP signal. The write clock signal furnished by this arrangement has the correct rate for sampling the incoming PIP video information and is pseudo line locked to the PIP horizontal synchronization signal.

Abstract: A reflector lamp having an outer reflector envelope filled with a rare gas at a pressure of approximately one atmosphere during lamp operation, a high pressure sodium discharge device within the outer envelope, and support conductors for mounting the discharge device. A sleeve over one of the support conductors helps prevent electrical breakdown through the rare gas.

Abstract: A D-type flip-flop arrangement includes first and second latches .Circuitry interposed between the latches blocks any metastable condition that may occur in the first latch from propagating into the second latch. Additionally, the arrangement minimizes the likelihood that the first latch will enter a metastable condition and, if it does, resolves the condition extremely rapidly.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp having a pair of discharge devices with one of them initially operative. The discharge devices are laterally adjacent with the higher temperature end of the operative discharge device proximate the lower temperature end of the inoperative discharge device for heating it during lamp operation. This facilitates starting of the inoperative discharge device after a momentary power interruption.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an internal metal shield for containing fragments in the event the lamp discharge vessel ruptures. The metal shield is mounted in an electrically isolated condition to avoid acceleration of sodium loss from the discharge vessel due to the proximity of the discharge vessel and the metal shield.

Abstract: A viewer remote controlled convergence system for projection television typically having electron beams for the colors red, blue, and green is provided and preferably includes an infrared remote control transmitter and television circuity. The infrared remote has a plurality of keys, a processor, and an infrared transmitter, with the processor causing the transmitter to transmit convergence adjustment signals in accordance with the selection of predetermined keys. The television circuitry includes an infrared receiver for receiving the convergence adjustment signals, a microprocessor for interpreting the received signals and for providing output control signals in response thereto, a plurality of digital to analog converters (DACs) under the control of the microprocesser for generating voltage signals in response to the control signals, and a plurality of yokes coupled to the DACs for receiving the voltages and deflecting the electron beams accordingly.

Abstract: A Schottky-type diode is fabricated by a process that enables the diodes conductor-to-semiconductor barrier height .phi..sub.B to be controlled by adjusting the thickness of a metal silicide layer (22) which forms a rectifying junction (20) with an N-type semiconductor (24). In fabricating one version of the diode, a metallic layer (70) consisting of two or more metals such as platinum and nickel is deposited on an N-type silicon semiconductor (68) and heated to create a metal silicide layer (72) consisting of a lower layer (62) and an upper layer (74) of different average composition. A portion of the upper layer is then removed, allowing .phi..sub.B to be adjusted suitably.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium discharge reflector lamp having a blown glass outer envelope. The outer envelope contains a rare gas having a fill pressure slightly less than one atmosphere and a pressure at lamp operating temperature of approximately one atmosphere for implosion protection.

Abstract: In a matrix display device, such as an LCD-TV, supply of data signals to each one of an array of display elements is controlled by respective switching means in response to applied switching signals. Novel addressing circuitry is provided to achieve redundancy and avoid improper charge levels on non-selected switching means.

Abstract: A detector indicates the presence of a desired signal when both of at least two conditions occur. The first condition requires the presence of a selected frequency in an input signal and a second condition requires the amplitude of the input signal at the selected frequency to fall within a predetermined range. A third condition requires that one or both of the first and second condition have a duration of at least a selected period of time. In one embodiment, the detector indicates the presence of a stereo audio signal in a television transmission program when (1) a pilot frequency (15.734 khz) is present in the composite baseband, (2) the signal amplitude at the pilot frequency corresponds to a frequency deviation of not more than 5.5 khz and not less than 4.5 khz from the 4.5 mhz carrier frequency, and (3) the two aforementioned conditions exist for a predetermined period of time, preferably about one millisecond.

Abstract: A narrow spot reflector lamp having a halogen lamp light source. The reflector surface and lens are both stippled and the halogen lamp is shielded so that all of the transmitted light undergoes two diffusions to achieve the desired beam spread.

Abstract: An illumination system for an LCD projection display system to increase the brightness of the system. The system includes a polarizing beam splitter which splits a beam of light from a light source into two orthogonally polarized beams. The beam of the desired polarization direction is directed through a first face of a prism so that it reflects off of a second face of the prism and exists through a third face. The other beam of the non-desired polarization direction is passed through a device for rotating its polarization 90.degree. and towards the underside of the second face of the prism at an angle such that it is refracted into the prism. Both beams then exit the prism through its third face, have the same polarization direction, and are only slightly divergent. The recombined beam may be thereafter directed towards the light modulation system. The illumination system minimizes the number of air-glass interfaces and the number of reflecting surfaces.

Abstract: A circuit for providing a mirrored version of a preselected transfer function includes a circuit having the preselected transfer function coupled to receive a signal modulated by a signal that is to experience the mirrored transfer function. The modulated signal at the output terminal of this circuit is mixed with a signal at a frequency that is greater than the carrier frequency of the modulated signal. The signal resulting from this mixing operation then is low pass filtered to provide the desired mirrored response.

Abstract: An X-radiation protection circuit in a television receiver is responsive to both high voltage and high beam current conditions. A first detector is interconnected with an electron beam power source and monitors the beam current therefrom. The first detector produces a first voltage proportional in magnitude to the electron beam current. A second detector monitors a high voltage transformer that produces a potential for operating on the electron beam and the second detector produces a second voltage that is proportional in magnitude to the high voltage potential. A monitoring circuit constantly monitors both the first and second voltages and produces a trigger signal whenever the additive sum of the first and second voltages exceeds a selected magnitude. In this manner, a trigger signal indicates an excessively high combination of electron beam current and high voltage.

Abstract: A device for doubling the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. The device includes a non-linear substrate having a non-linear optical waveguide of a differing refractive index disposed thereon. The waveguide layer includes an inverted polarization interface at which the direction of polarization of the waveguide abruptly changes in sign. Radiation directed across the device parallel to the plane of the inverted polarization interface will be doubled in frequency by the interface. The inverted polarization interface may be achieved in a number of ways. The interface may be directly grown on the substrate or a single layer waveguide may be cleaved and flipped over upon itself. Finally, the waveguide may be formed by the growth of asymmetric mirror image quantum wells on either side of a plane to form the interface.