Abstract: A method that includes (a) providing a stream containing ethane and oxygen to an ODH reactor; (b) converting a portion of the ethane to ethylene and acetic acid in the ODH reactor to provide a stream containing ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (c) separating a portion of the acetic acid from the stream to provide an acetic acid stream and a stream containing ethane, ethylene, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (d) providing the stream to a CO Oxidation Reactor containing a catalyst that includes a group 11 metal to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reacting acetylene to produce a stream containing ethane, ethylene and carbon dioxide; and (e) providing a portion of the stream and a portion of the acetic acid stream to a third reactor containing a catalyst that includes a metal selected from group 10 and group 11 metals to produce vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A control system is presented for use in measuring one or more parameters of a three-dimensional patterned structure. The control system is configured as a computer system comprising a data processor configured to receive and process raw measured TEM image data, TEMmeas, and generate output data indicative of one or more parameters of a patterned structure. The data processor comprises an optimization module configured and operable to utilize data indicative of one or more parameters of TEM measurement mode and perform a fitting procedure between the raw measured TEM image data, TEMmeas, and a predetermined simulated TEM image data, TEMsimui based on a parametrized three-dimensional model of features of the patterned structure, and generate simulated image data corresponding to a best fit condition, to thereby enable determination therefrom of the one or more parameters of the structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an autocatalytic reductive chemical procedure with solid-solid interaction in conditions of supersaturation of salts, via the phenomenon of efflorescence in order to dissolve a copper metal, from a metallogenically primary ore or chalcopyrite concentrate that contains same. The method comprises two steps, referred to as “Reductive Activation Step” and “Dry Autocatalytic Reductive Transformation Step” or efflorescence, which can be repeated as many times as necessary to maximise the extraction of copper or base metal of interest. The invention can also be used for sulphurised base metals such as nickel, zinc, cobalt, lead and molybdenum, among others, regardless of the common impurities of sulphurised ores, as occurs with the presence of arsenic.

Abstract: An ethylene copolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.855 to 0.913 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 1.7 to 2.3, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.1 to 20 g/10 min; a second ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.875 to 0.936 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 2.3 to 6.0, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.3 to 100 g/10 min; and optionally a third ethylene copolymer; where the first ethylene copolymer has more short chain branches per thousand carbon atoms than the second ethylene copolymer and the density of the second ethylene copolymer is equal to or higher than the density of the first ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer composition has a density of from 0.865 to 0.913 g/cm3; a melt index, 12 of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min; and a fraction eluting at from 90 to 105° C., having an integrated area of greater than 4 weight percent in a CTREF analysis; and at least 0.0015 parts per million (ppm) of hafnium.

Abstract: Systems and approaches for semiconductor metrology and surface analysis using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) are disclosed. In an example, a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) system includes a sample stage. A primary ion beam is directed to the sample stage. An extraction lens is directed at the sample stage. The extraction lens is configured to provide a low extraction field for secondary ions emitted from a sample on the sample stage. A magnetic sector spectrograph is coupled to the extraction lens along an optical path of the SIMS system. The magnetic sector spectrograph includes an electrostatic analyzer (ESA) coupled to a magnetic sector analyzer (MSA).

Abstract: An energy storage apparatus. The energy storage apparatus includes an energy storage, wherein the energy storage is connected to at least one energy source, wherein the energy storage is configured to store energy from the at least one energy source; a power supplier, wherein the power supplier is connected to an external load, wherein the power supplier is configured to provide energy from the energy storage to the external load; and a distribution regulator, wherein the distribution regulator is configured, in real-time, to operate the energy storage apparatus in a reduced power mode.

Abstract: A method for encoding a first stream of video data comprising a plurality of frames of video, the method, for one or more of the plurality of frames of video, comprising the steps of: encoding in a hierarchical arrangement a frame of the video data, the hierarchical arrangement comprising a base layer of video data and a first enhancement layer of video data, said first enhancement layer of video data comprising a plurality of sub-layers of enhancement data, such that when encoded: the base layer of video data comprises data which when decoded renders the frame at a first, base, level of quality; and each sub-layer of enhancement data comprises data which, when decoded with the base layer, render the frame at a higher level of quality than the base level of quality; and wherein the steps of encoding the sub-layers of enhancement data comprises: quantizing the enhancement data at a determined initial level of quantization thereby creating a set of quantized enhancement data; associating to each of the pluralit

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer product having intermediate branching. Intermediate branching was defined as branching that was longer than the branch length due to comonomer and shorter than the entanglement molecular weight (Me). Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were produced in a continuous solution polymerization process employing an intermediate branching catalyst formulation. Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were characterized by a Non-Comonomer Index Distribution (NCIDi), a melt index from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.858 to 0.965 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 10% to about 98%. A method based on triple detection cross fractionation chromatography (3D-CFC) was disclosed to measure NCIDi.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing energy generation. The method includes remotely connecting to an energy storage apparatus that is connected to a tested solar panel; receiving, from the energy storage apparatus, at least one test power measurement, wherein each test power measurement is an amount of power generated by the tested solar panel; obtaining at least one benchmarking power measurement, wherein each benchmarking power measurement is an amount of power generated by one of at least one benchmarking solar panel; determining, based on the at least one benchmarking power measurement, at least one optimization threshold; comparing each test power measurement to each optimization threshold; determining, based on the comparison, whether placement of the tested solar panel is at least an optimal placement; and generating a notification indicating whether placement of the tested solar panel is optimal.

Abstract: An automatic transfer switch for power over ethernet lighting and powered devices preferably includes at least one transfer switch module, a carrier board, a power supply and a housing. Each transfer switch module preferably includes a plurality of input transformers, a plurality of output transformers, a microcontroller, a power source equipment device, a power transfer device, a LAN Multiplexer and a PoE power monitor. The at least one transfer switch module is retained on the carrier board. The plurality of input transformers receive power and data inputs from power sourcing equipment. If a backup power switch detects a loss of power, a signal will be received by the microcontroller of the at least one transfer switch module. The microcontroller will instruct the power transfer device to supply electrical power to the plurality of output transformers. Data will also be supplied by the microcontroller to the LAN Multiplexer.

Abstract: In chemical processes for cracking hydrocarbons, reactors are subject to coking. This results in carburization of the metal substrate for the reactor leading to a reduced reactor life. If the reactor is subject to a decoke process, followed by a steam scour and nitriding there is a reduced tendency to carburization of the metal substrate improving the reactor life.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transfer line exchanger which is optimized for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The transfer line exchanger is designed by computer modeling a transfer line exchanger in which the cross section of flow path is substantially circular and modeling the operation of the transfer line under industrial conditions to validate the model design and its operation. Then iteratively the model design is deformed and the operation of the deformed part is modeled and compared to values obtained with other deformed models until the value of the objective function is optimized (e.g. at an extreme) or the change in the objective function is approaching zero.

Abstract: Computer processor hardware: parses a data stream into first portions of encoded data and second portions of encoded data; implements a first decoder to decode the first portions of encoded data into a first rendition of a signal; implements a second decoder to decode the second portions of encoded data into reconstruction data, the reconstruction data specifying how to modify the first rendition of the signal; and applies the reconstruction data to the first rendition of the signal to produce a second rendition of the signal.

Abstract: Provided is a multiple-electrode monorail guide catheter for use in vascular insertion, including: an elongated catheter main body having a proximal end and a distal end; a guidewire inlet opening on the distal end; a guidewire outlet opening; an operation tube; a terminal unit on the proximal end; an electrode assembly having a double-lumen structure composed of an outer tube having electrodes on an outer surface of the outer tube and an inner tube independently provided from the outer tube, allowing insertion of a guidewire, having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the outer tube, and being accommodated within an outer tube lumen; a clearance defined by the outer tube luminal surface and an inner tube outer circumferential surface; and lead wires extending from the electrodes to the terminal unit on the proximal end and being inserted into the lumen of the outer tube.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer product having intermediate branching. Intermediate branching was defined as branching that was longer than the branch length due to comonomer and shorter than the entanglement molecular weight (Me). Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were produced in a continuous solution polymerization process employing an intermediate branching catalyst formulation. Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were characterized by a Non-Comonomer Index Distribution (NCIDi), a melt index from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.858 to 0.965 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 10% to about 98%. A method based on triple detection cross fractionation chromatography (3D-CFC) was disclosed to measure NCIDi.

Abstract: Bimodal polyethylene compositions for use in hot-fill closures and processes.

Abstract: A method of converting one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes that includes a) providing a first stream containing one or more alkanes and oxygen to an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor; b) converting at least a portion of the one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes in the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor to provide a second stream exiting the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor containing one or more alkanes, one or more alkenes, oxygen, carbon monoxide and optionally acetylene; and c) providing the second stream to a second reactor containing a catalyst that includes a group 11 metal to convert a least a portion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reacting the acetylene.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for use in measuring on patterned samples, aimed at determining asymmetry in the pattern. A set of at least first and second measurements on a patterned region of a sample is performed, where each of the measurements comprises: directing illuminating light onto the patterned region along an illumination channel and collecting light reflected from the illuminated region propagating along a collection channel to be detected, such that detected light from the same patterned region has different polarization states which are different from polarization of the illuminating light, and generating a measured data piece indicative of the light detected in the measurement. Thus, at least first and second measured data pieces are generated for the at least first and second measurements on the same patterned region. The at least first and second measured data pieces are analyzed and output data is generated being indicative of a condition of asymmetry in the patterned region.

Abstract: Multilayer Films have a first skin layer that is prepared from a high density polyethylene and a second skin layer (also referred to as the sealant layer) that is prepared from a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) having a density of from 0.90 to 0.92 g/cc and a Dilution Index, Yd, of greater than 0°. Seals can be prepared by placing two pieces of this film against each other such that the sealant layers are in contact with each other, then applying heat to at least one high density skin layer such that heat is transmitted/conducted through the multilayer film in a sufficient amount to melt the sealant layer and form a seal. The use of LLDPE having a Dilution Index of greater than 0° has been found to improve the sealing performance of multilayer films in comparison to multilayer films where the sealant layer is a conventional LLDPE having a Dilution Index of less than 0°.

Abstract: A data processor retrieves reconstruction data and corresponding stream metadata from a repository, the reconstruction data encoded in accordance with a tiered hierarchy including multiple levels of quality. The data processor transmits selected portions of the reconstruction data to one or more decoder resources. The decoder resources reconstruct renditions of portions of a signal such as images/frames based on the transmitted portions of reconstruction data. During the transmission step, the data processor may vary a level of quality of the reconstruction data retrieved and transmitted to the decoder resource to play the signal at different levels of quality. Also, at times, the data processor may transmit the levels of quality of the reconstruction data out of the natural sequence of the portions of the signal that they allow to reconstruct, anticipating or postponing the transmission of certain levels of quality of reconstruction data related to specific portions of the signal.