Abstract: An image formation apparatus may include a voltage supply device configured to control a transfer voltage such that a first ratio of a first transfer voltage to a second transfer voltage, is greater than a second ratio of a third transfer voltage to a fourth transfer voltage, where the first transfer voltage is the transfer voltage for a first medium having a first thickness, a first resistance, and a first width, the second transfer voltage is for a second medium having the first thickness and the first resistance, and a second width larger than the first width, the third transfer voltage is for a third medium having a second thickness larger than the first thickness, a second resistance smaller than the first resistance, and the first width, and the fourth transfer voltage is for a fourth medium having the second thickness, the second resistance, and the second width.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first image forming section capable of forming a brilliant developer image, a second image forming section including at least one image forming section capable of forming a black developer image, a transfer section capable of transferring the brilliant developer image and the black developer image onto a medium, and a controller that controls operation of the first image forming section and the second image forming section according to received print data. When forming a brilliant image based on the print data, the controller performs control to form the brilliant image in which relative position between the brilliant developer image and the black developer image is changed depending on a medium type.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a storage configured to store an electronic certificate used for authentication for using a network; a detector configured to detect whether a time to renew the electronic certificate has arrived; and a communication unit having a first communication mode in which the communication unit communicates with an external device via the network and a second communication mode in which the communication unit communicates with a certificate renewal device without using the network. The communication unit connects with the certificate renewal device in the second communication mode and receives an electronic certificate for renewing the electronic certificate from the certificate renewal device, on a basis of the detection by the detector.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a rotatable annular belt with lubricant on an inner circumferential surface of the annular belt; a pressing roller that is provided to face an outer circumferential surface of the annular belt and makes contact with a part of the outer circumferential surface, thereby forming a nip region between the pressing roller and the annular belt; a thermal diffusion plate that is provided on an inner circumferential side relative to the annular belt and makes contact with a first part of the inner circumferential surface on the pressing roller's side; and a convex part provided so as to make contact with a second part of the inner circumferential surface outside the nip region and on an end part's side in a rotation axis direction of the annular belt.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a discharge unit configured to transport printed media from a discharge port to an outside; and a controller configured to cause the discharge unit (i) to perform a holding operation to hold a part of a first group of printed media corresponding to a first print pause sheet number set in a setting unit at the discharge port by the discharge unit, and (ii) when the part of the first group of printed media is removed from the discharge port, to transport a second group of printed media corresponding to a second print pause sheet number set in the setting unit from the discharge port toward the outside and to perform the holding operation to hold a part of the second group of the printed media with being exposed to the outside from the discharge port.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electronic structure includes forming a second sacrificial layer extending from a substrate to a function part of a layered substrate including the substrate, a first sacrificial layer formed on the substrate, and the function part formed on the first sacrificial layer. The manufacturing method further includes forming a cover layer extending from the substrate to the second sacrificial layer, and removing the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a substrate unit includes forming a semiconductor laminated body on a substrate; forming a sacrificial layer on the semiconductor laminated body; forming a semiconductor functional layer on the sacrificial layer; and forming a protective film that covers at least a back surface of the substrate different from a formation surface on which the semiconductor laminated body is formed, a side face of the substrate, and a side face of the semiconductor laminated body.

Abstract: A medium processing device includes: a drum that is rotatably supported, that rotates around a rotation axis, and that winds a medium around a peripheral side surface thereof; a first tape that winds the medium sandwiched between the peripheral side surface and the first tape, accompanying rotation of the drum; a movable guide that is movable following a drum diameter of the drum, which changes depending on a winding amount of the medium, and that guides the medium; and a first static electricity elimination section that is provided at the movable guide, that abuts the first tape, and that performs static electricity elimination of an electric charge of the charged first tape.

Abstract: A charging device according to one or more embodiments may include: a charging member that is rotatable and provided to be in contact with a contact member. The charging member includes: a shaft; a surface layer to be in contact with the contact member and containing porous particles; and an elastic layer provided between the shaft and the surface layer. A ratio of convex portions formed by the porous particles on the surface layer to a surface area of the surface layer is 68.4% or more.

Abstract: A medium handling device includes a storage means that stores a single or plural medium recognition reference information, a recognition means that uses the medium recognition reference information to recognize a state of a target medium, and a setting means that, when medium recognition reference information that is new and authentication information corresponding to the new medium recognition reference information are stored in the storage means, sets use of the new medium recognition reference information as either valid or invalid. When the setting means has set valid, the recognition means uses the corresponding new medium recognition reference information to recognize a state of the medium.

Abstract: A fixation device may include: an annular belt, and includes an elastic layer with a thickness of more than 300 ?m; and a counter member opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the annular belt to form a nip region with the annular belt. A difference between a local maximum and a local minimum in a film thickness profile of the annular belt along a circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface at a first location in a width direction of the annular belt is less than 101 ?m.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: development devices; and transmission gear members each including an output gear portion engaged with a drive gear portion of the corresponding development device. Among adjacent first and second development devices, a smallest angle ?1 of angles of gear teeth on a first output gear portion corresponding to the first development device in a rotation direction is different from a smallest angle ?2 of angles of gear teeth on a second output gear portion corresponding to a second development device in the rotation direction.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: an image formation section to form an image with a developer; an entire area printing rate calculator configured to calculate an entire area printing rate, which is, a printing rate of an entirety of an image formation area; a divided area printing rate calculator configured to calculate each divided area printing rate, which is, a printing rate of each of plural divided areas, divided in a main scanning direction, of the image formation area; and a deteriorated developer discarding operation execution section configured, when the entire area printing rate is equal to or lower than an entire area printing rate threshold, to perform a deteriorated developer discarding operation to discard the developer in any one of the divided areas in which the divided area printing rate is equal to or lower than a divided area printing rate threshold thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an image forming unit including a photosensitive drum (image bearing body) 11, and an exposure unit including an exposure head that emits light to expose the photosensitive drum to form a latent image. The exposure unit has a duct unit extending in the X direction (longitudinal direction) of the image forming unit. The duct unit has an inlet opening through which air flows into the duct unit and an outlet opening through which the air is discharged from the duct unit. The exposure unit is provided pivotably about a pivot axis (virtual straight line) passing through the inlet opening.

Abstract: A communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include: a storage that stores MAC filtering registration information indicating a registered MAC address serving as a MAC address of a communication device which is allowed to perform communication and identification information of the communication device; a communication part configured to receive a communication packet from a network; a MAC filter processor configured to reference the MAC filtering registration information and perform filtering depending on whether or not a source MAC address of the communication packet matches the registered MAC address; and a MAC filter controller configured to use the identification information to update the registered MAC address.

Abstract: One or more embodiment may be a power supply device that includes: a heater; a voltage converter configured to convert an input voltage to a direct current voltage; a switching part configured to turn on and off an application of the input voltage to the heater in response to an on/off control signal; a detector configured to detect whether the input voltage is a direct current or an alternating current and output a detection signal including the detected information; and a shutoff part configured to receive the detection signal and forcibly turns off the switching part when the input voltage is the direct current.

Abstract: An image formation unit according to an embodiment may include: an image formation part with a developer reception port; a developer cartridge including: a developer storage section with a developer supply port; a shutter movable between an open position and a closed position; a lock engagement member; and an operation part configured to be operated to move the shutter and rotate the lock engagement member. When the shutter moves from the open position to the closed position that closes the developer supply port and the lock engagement member rotates in conjunction with movement of the operation part, the lock engagement member is engaged with the image formation part to separate the developer cartridge from a peripheral portion of the developer reception port.

Abstract: A developer container includes: a container body that stores developer; an agitating member that is rotatably disposed in the container body and rotates to agitate the developer; a first swing member that includes a first fixed end, a first free end, a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface, and that is swung by the agitating member coming into contact with the first surface when the agitating member rotates; and a projecting support that is disposed to face the second surface and project from a wall surface formed in the container body, and that abuts the second surface.

Abstract: Banknote device having a take-in/discharge section driven by a first motor to feed out banknotes from a pay-in section; a first conveyance section connected to the pay-in section and driven by a second motor driven independently of the first so as to convey banknotes; a classification section for the first conveyance section, that classifies conveyed banknotes; a rearside conveyance section connected to the first conveyance section, driven by a third motor for driving independently of the first and second, to convey the banknotes; a storage box connected to the rearside conveyance section, that stores normal banknotes; and a banknote control section that, upon detecting abnormal pay-in rejects or jammed banknotes in the first conveyance section, stops driving the first motor to stop the take-in/discharge section and driving of the second motor to stop the first conveyance section, and conveys normal banknotes in the rearside conveyance section to the storage box.

Abstract: In a banknote pay-in/pay-out device of an automated teller machine, in movement processing, banknotes being stored in a movement origin banknote storage are conveyed to a pay-in/pay-out section, then the banknotes are recognized by a recognition section while being conveyed by a conveyance section to a temporary holding section, and normal banknotes are conveyed to the movement destination banknote storage and stored therein. Due thereto, the banknote pay-in/pay-out device is able to move the banknotes being stored in the movement origin banknote storage to the movement destination banknote storage, and, in such case, is able to recognize a denomination, level of damage, and the like, of each of the banknotes once again by performing recognition processing using the recognition section, and is able to count the total number of medium being stored once again.