Abstract: A fixing device includes an annular belt having an outer circumferential surface, and a facing member that faces the outer circumferential surface of the annular belt to form a nip region. The annular belt is configured so that in measurement of a hardness of the outer circumferential surface using a hardness tester, a ratio (A/B) of a first hardness value (A) to a second hardness value (B) is 0.738 or more and 0.837 or less. The first hardness value (A) represents a measured value at a time when a measurement time corresponding to a time required for a predetermined point on the outer circumferential surface to pass through the nip region has elapsed after start of the hardness measurement. The second hardness value (B) represents a measured value at a time when the measured value by the hardness tester is saturated.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include: an apparatus main body that includes an image formation section configured to form an image on a medium; a fixation device that includes a fixation member configured to heat the medium and is attachable to the apparatus main body in a first direction; and a temperature detector including a lens, provided in the apparatus main body, and configured to detect a temperature of the fixation member through the lens. An optical axis of the lens is inclined with respect to the first direction.

Abstract: While a bill controller is moving a bill press and a pool guide from accumulation positions to delivery positions, a time period from a time point to a time point for moving both the bill press and the pool guide and a time period from the time point to a time point for moving only the pool guide are given.

Abstract: To uniquely determine a Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) even if a relation between phase and intensity of an intensity signal corresponding to a phase difference between the two optical paths in an interferometer varies.

Abstract: A piezoelectric-body film joint substrate includes a substrate, a first electrode provided on the substrate, a first piezoelectric-body film stuck on the first electrode and including a first piezoelectric film and a first upper electrode film formed on the first piezoelectric film, a second electrode provided on the substrate, and a second piezoelectric-body film stuck on the second electrode and including a second piezoelectric film different from the first piezoelectric film and a second upper electrode film formed on the second piezoelectric film, wherein a height from an upper surface of the substrate, on which the first electrode and the second electrode are formed, to a top of the first upper electrode film and a height from the upper surface of the substrate to a top of the second upper electrode film differ from each other.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film integrated device includes a substrate; an electrode provided on the substrate; a first piezoelectric element that is provided on the electrode and includes a first monocrystalline piezoelectric film and a first electrode film superimposed on the first monocrystalline piezoelectric film; and a second piezoelectric element that is provided on the first piezoelectric element and includes a second monocrystalline piezoelectric film and a second electrode film superimposed on the second monocrystalline piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A piezoelectric-body film joint substrate includes a substrate, a substrate electrode provided on the substrate, a first piezoelectric-body film stuck on the substrate electrode and including a first piezoelectric film and a first upper electrode film formed on the first piezoelectric film, and a second piezoelectric-body film stuck on the first upper electrode film and including a second piezoelectric film different from the first piezoelectric film and a second upper electrode film formed on the second piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film integrated device include a substrate; a first electrode provided on the substrate; a second electrode provided on the substrate; a first monocrystalline piezoelectric film provided on the first electrode; a second monocrystalline piezoelectric film provided on the second electrode and having a crystal structure different from a crystal structure of the first monocrystalline piezoelectric film; a third electrode provided on the first monocrystalline piezoelectric film; and a fourth electrode provided on the second monocrystalline piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A fixation device according to an embodiment may include: an annular belt, and includes an elastic layer with a thickness of more than 300 ?m; and a counter member opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the annular belt to form a nip region with the annular belt. A difference between a local maximum and a local minimum in a film thickness profile of the annular belt along a circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface at a first location in a width direction of the annular belt is less than 101 ?m.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an annular belt having an outer circumferential surface, and a facing member that faces the outer circumferential surface of the annular belt to form a nip region. The annular belt is configured so that in measurement of a hardness of the outer circumferential surface using a hardness tester, a ratio (A/B) of a first hardness value (A) to a second hardness value (B) is 0.738 or more and 0.837 or less. The first hardness value (A) represents a measured value at a time when a measurement time corresponding to a time required for a predetermined point on the outer circumferential surface to pass through the nip region has elapsed after start of the hardness measurement. The second hardness value (B) represents a measured value at a time when the measured value by the hardness tester is saturated.

Abstract: A developer container includes: a container body that stores developer; an agitating member that is rotatably disposed in the container body and rotates to agitate the developer; a first swing member that includes a first fixed end, a first free end, a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface, and that is swung by the agitating member coming into contact with the first surface when the agitating member rotates; and a projecting support that is disposed to face the second surface and project from a wall surface formed in the container body, and that abuts the second surface.

Abstract: A fixation device according to an embodiment may include: an annular belt including an elastic layer with a thickness of more than 300 ?m; and a counter member opposed to an outer peripheral surface of the annular belt to form a nip region with the annular belt. A ratio (A/B) of a first hardness value (A) to a second hardness value (B) of the outer peripheral surface of the annular belt is 0.566 or more, where the first hardness value is measured, in hardness measurement using a hardness meter, at a time when a passage time, which is a time it takes for a certain point of the outer peripheral surface to pass through the nip region, has just passed from the start of the hardness measurement, and the second hardness value is measured at a time when the measured value of the hardness meter has just been saturated.

Abstract: To uniquely determine a Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) even if a relation between phase and intensity of an intensity signal corresponding to a phase difference between the two optical paths in an interferometer varies.

Abstract: A developer supply device according to an embodiment may include: a developer container; and a developer container holder to which the developer container is to be attached in a first direction. The developer container includes: a shutter movable between a closing position to close a supply port of a housing thereof and an opening position to open the supply port; and a sealing member provided between the housing and the shutter. The shutter includes: a cover portion including a cover surface configured to close the supply port; and a protruding portion projected in the first direction from the cover portion and provided at a position spaced apart from the cover surface to a side of the developer container holder. The developer container holder includes an engagement portion to be engaged with the protruding portion in a state where the developer container is attached to the developer container holder.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a first image forming portion configured to form a brilliant developer image with a brilliant developer; a second image forming portion including at least one image forming portion configured to form a developer image with at least one non-brilliant developer; and a controller configured to control operation of the first image forming portion and the second image forming portion in accordance with received print data. When the controller causes the brilliant developer image to be formed on a medium in accordance with the print data by the first image forming portion, the controller causes a black developer image to be formed between the brilliant developer image and the medium by the second image forming portion.

Abstract: An electronic structure includes: a substrate having a first surface; a functional element unit including a functional element having an electronic function, and a protector covering the functional element, the functional element unit having a second surface facing the first surface; a support disposed between the first surface and the second surface, the support supporting the second surface; and a projection disposed on a first surface side of the substrate, the projection projecting toward the functional element unit. The support has a third surface in contact with the second surface of the functional element unit, the third surface having an area smaller than an area of the second surface. The projection has a fourth surface in contact with or close to the functional element unit, the fourth surface having an area smaller than the area of the second surface, the projection being formed by a different material from the support.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: an image carrier; a transfer part facing the image carrier; a transfer belt that passes between the image carrier and the transfer part, includes a conveyance surface, and configured to convey a medium on the conveyance surface; plural rollers to which the transfer belt is stretched, the plural rollers including a downstream roller provided on a downstream side in the medium conveyance direction among the plural rollers; and a separating member facing the downstream roller and configured to separate the medium from the transfer belt. The separating member includes a guide surface to guide the medium, wherein the guide surface is arranged at an angle such that a distance from the guide surface to a conveyance reference plane becomes shorter as proceeding in the medium conveyance direction, the conveyance reference plane being a virtual plane extending the conveyance surface.

Abstract: There are provided a display operation section and a device that can suppress a risk from a viewpoint of hygiene. A display operation section includes: a display section including an operation screen; and an optical operation section arranged above the display section and configured to sense an operation on the operation screen, and the display section and the operation section are arranged apart from each other to form a non-sensing space between a sensing area configured to be able to sense the operation, and the operation screen. The display operation section further includes a plate-like or sheet-like protection member configured to protect the operation screen. The non-sensing space is formed between the sensing area and the protection member.

Abstract: The present invention, a communication device configured to receive supply of electrical power from a battery unit and transmit and receive a data signal, the device includes a first wireless communication means configured to intermittently receive a data signal, a second wireless communication means configured to transmit a data signal; and a communication control means configured to temporarily hold the data signal received by the first wireless communication means, power off the second wireless communication means until a predetermined condition is satisfied, power on the second wireless communication means after a predetermined condition is satisfied, and transmit the held data signal.