Abstract: An improved color printing method and the apparatus for employing the method are provided for continuously superimposing a plurality of separate color toner images onto a common conductive intermediate transfer belt from a plurality of developing drums across a liquid filled gap to form a single full color image. The separate colors have masters mounted to the developing drums and the superimposed full color image is contact transferred with the aid of heat and pressure from the conductive intermediate transfer belt to the final receiving paper substrate after all of the liquid has been removed from the superimposed full color image.

Abstract: A modular automatic refill system using a plurality of individual microprocessor controlled modules to control a plurality of liquid chemical temperature controllers is provided wherein replenishing liquid chemical is automatically supplied from a chemical bulk supply unit to a plurality of bubbler ampules in the corresponding liquid chemical temperature controllers based on sensed level depths in a manner that avoids contamination of the replenishing chemical and permits separate and independent operation of the individual microprocessor controlled modules.

Abstract: A trihydroxybenzopohenone compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, halide group, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of using a liquid electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a multilayer plate of a photopolymer material and a protective overcoated material whose surface is hard, low friction and acts as a physical and chemical barrier.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of resin particles, colorant material and an effect change controlling amount of at least one charge enhancing additive of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a straight-chain alkylene group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; and R.sub.4 is an alkyl group having from about 7 to about 24 carbon atoms.The toners of the present invention are resistant to smearing after fusing onto a suitable substrate, provide good adhesion of the fused image to the substrate, and provide uniform, stable, high net electrical charge on toner particles and work over a wide range of relative humidity.

Abstract: An improved developing system for an electrophotographic color imaging apparatus is disclosed which selectively moves multiple individual developing units from a plurality of first storage positions to the same working or operating position in a processing path to color develop the latent image. The developing system stores the individual developing units remotely from the processing path. The individual toner developing units move in both horizontal and vertical directions as they move from the first storage positions to the second working or operating position. The working position is the same distance and time from the charging and depressant coronas in the process path that is followed to produce a colored image.

Abstract: A methylol-substituted trihydroxybenzophenone of the formula (I): ##STR1## This methylol-substituted trihydroxybenzophenone may be reacted with selected phenolic monomers during or after the formation of a phenolic novolak resin thereby said resin having at least one unit of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R and R.sub.1 are individually selected from hydrogen, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak resin comprising the product of a condensation reaction of an aldehyde comprising a haloacetaldehyde source or a mixture of a haloacetaldehyde source and a formaldehyde source with a phenolic monomer comprising at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from hydrogen or a one to four carbon alkyl group and wherein the ratio of total carbon atoms in the sum of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 to the total number of phenolic nuclei in said resin is from about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1 in the presence of a solvent; said resin made by employing a molar ratio of total aldehyde to total phenolic monomers from about 0.33:1 to about 0.70:1. These phenolic resins are suitable for use in light-sensitive compositions (e.g. positive-working photoresists).

Abstract: A process for applying a film of uniform thickness of photoresist solids onto a substrate comprising the steps of:(a) forming a liquid photoresist composition comprising photoresist solids in a solvent; the solids content of said photoresist composition being in the range from about 10% by weight to about 22% by weight;(b) forming atomized spray droplets of said liquid photoresist composition;(c) allowing said atomized spray droplets to settle by gravity onto a substrate surface, thereby forming a photoresist coating on that surface; and(d) spinning said coated substrate at a pre-determined spin speed and for a pre-determined time to remove substantially all of said solvent from said photoresist coating and to form a film of uniform thickness of photoresist solids on the substrate.

Abstract: A trinuclear novolak oligomer of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group and halide group and Y is selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and halogen atom.

Abstract: A trinuclear novolak oligomer of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group and halide group and Y is selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and halogen atom.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprising units of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a halogen and R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and said units of formula (I) are made by condensing the corresponding halogen-substituted resorcinol of formula (A): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is defined above, with the corresponding para-lower alkyl-substituted 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-phenol of formula (B): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is defined above, and wherein the mole ratio of A:B is from about 0.5:1 to 1.7:1. This phenolic resin may be mixed with photoactive compounds (e.g. 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide sensitizers) to prepare a light-sensitive composition useful as a positive-working photoresist.

Abstract: A light-sensitive composition comprising an admixture of:(a) at least one alkali-soluble binder resin;(b) at least one photoactive compound;(c) a sufficient amount of a solvent mixture comprising ethyl lactate and ethyl 3-ethoxy propionate to dissolve (a) and (b);wherein the amount of said binder resin is from about 60% to 95% by weight, the amount of said photoactive compound is from about 5% to about 40% by weight, both based on the total solids content of said light-sensitive composition, and wherein the weight ratio of ethyl lactate to ethyl 3-epoxy propionate is from about 30:70 to 80:20.

Abstract: Described herein is an improved process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a nonconductive material comprising the following steps:(a) preparing a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.

Abstract: A process for applying an ink-jet printing ink comprising the steps of:(a) preparing an aqueous Newtonian dispersion containing acidic or neutral carbon black or pigments and a surfactant;(b) removing all aggregates larger than 5 microns; and(c) ink-jet printing said dispersion onto a receptor substrate.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak resin comprising the product of a condensation reaction of an aldehyde comprising a haloacetaldehyde source or a mixture of a haloacetaldehyde source and a formaldehyde source with a phenolic monomer comprising at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from hydrogen or a one to four carbon alkyl group and wherein the ratio of total carbon atoms in the sum of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 to the total number of phenolic nuclei in said resin is from about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1 in the presence of a solvent; said resin made by employing a molar ratio of total aldehyde to total phenolic monomers from about 0.33:1 to about 0.70:1. These phenolic resins are suitable for use in light-sensitive compositions (e.g. positive-working photoresists).

Abstract: A trinuclear novolak oligomer of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each X is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group and halide group and Y is selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and halogen atom.

Abstract: In the process for electroplating the walls of through holes in a laminated printed wiring board comprised of at least one non-conducting layer laminated to at least two separate conductive metal layers, which comprises the steps:(a) contacting said printed wiring board having said through holes with a liquid dispersion of carbon blaock comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle size of less than about 3.

Abstract: A process for removing unwanted photoresist material from the peripheral areas of a photoresist substrate comprising the steps of:(a) spin coating a photoresist solution onto a surface of a substrate, thereby applying a photoresist coating which comprises a uniform film over substantially all of said substrate surface except for unwanted photoresist material deposits at the peripheral areas of said surface;(b) contacting said peripheral area of the coated substrate with a sufficient amount of a solvent mixture comprising a mixture of ethyl lactate and methyl ethyl ketone present in a volume ratio of about 65:35 to about 25:75, respectively, to selectively dissolve said unwanted deposits without adversely affecting said uniform film; and(c) separating said dissolved deposits from said coated substrate.

Abstract: A color developer composition that maintains developer activity in all color forming layers and increases developer capacity is disclosed. The color developer composition allows use of reduced temperature, process time, replenishment rate, or concentration of developing agent without causing color imbalance. The composition employs two or more different color developing agents in combination. Each agent in a composition is selected from the group consisting of p-amino-N-dialkylanilines and the salts thereof. The composition of the present invention may be employed in conventional color developing processes without any significant change in conventional processing procedures and steps.