Abstract: A method of fabricating a toned pattern on an isolated nonabsorbent receiving surface is disclosed wherein a charged electrostatic latent image area is established on an electrostatically imageable surface, and is transferred to the receiving surface across a gap of between about 1 mil and about 20 mils filled with a liquid formed at least partially of a nonpolar insulating solvent in which are suspended charged toner particles.

Abstract: An improvement to the process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) contacting said printed wiring board with an aqueous polyelectrolyte homopolymer conditioner solution having a charge density from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milliequivalents (positive charge) per gram of dissolved polymer and having a pH in range from about 3 to about 5, followed by;(b) contacting said printed wiring board with a dispersion of carbon black comprising:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.

Abstract: A charge director composition dispersed in at least one solvent comprising:A. a salt mixture comprised of 1-10 parts by weight each of:(i) a chromium salt of a C.sub.14-18 alkyl salicylic acid;(ii) a calcium didecyl sulfosuccinate; and(iii) a salt of the didecyl ester of sulfosuccinate acid and at least 50% of the basic nitrogen radicals of a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine, said copolymer having a vinyl pyridine content of 20-30% by weight and an average molecular weight of 15,000-250,000; andB. a salt-free copolymer of (i) laurylmethacrylate and (ii) a monomer selected from 2- or 4-vinylpyridine, styrene and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and mixtures thereof, said copolymer having a molecular weight from about 15,000 to about 100,000, and the weight ratio of monomers B(i) to B(ii) is from about 4:1 to about 50:1; and wherein the weight ratio of B:A is from 10:3 to about 40:3.

Abstract: A method of using a dry powder electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a photopolymer material and is protected by a transparent overcoated material whose surface is hard and low friction.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrostatic transfer of a developed image from a master to a receiving surface, there is provided a movable backing plate for the flexible carrier support for the master. The movable backing plate supports the transfer roller during development and ensures uniform distance between the master and the charging, developing and cleaning apparatus.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprising units of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a halogen and R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and said units of formula (I) are made by condensing the corresponding halogen-substituted resorcinol of formula (A): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is defined above, with the corresponding para-lower alkyl-substituted 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-phenol of formula (B): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is defined above, and wherein the mole ratio of A:B is from about 0.5:1 to 1.7:1. This phenolic resin may be mixed with photoactive compounds (e.g. 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide sensitizers ) to prepare a light-sensitive composition useful as a positive-working photoresist.

Abstract: An aqueous developing solution useful in developing positive-working photoresists comprising:______________________________________ A. Soluble Alkali Metal Phosphate 1.50-3.00% by weight B. Soluble Alkali Metal Silicate 1.00-2.00% by weight C. Mono (lower alkanol) amine 0.40-5.00% by weight D. Soluble Alkylene Glycol 0.25-3.00% by weight E. Lower Alkanol 0.05-1.00% by weight F.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for precisely registering a flexible web to a stationary rigid support station to accurately and repeatably electrostatically transfer a developed image from a master on the flexible web to a receiving surface on the rigid support station.

Abstract: Light-sensitive 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-4-sulfonic acid monoester of a cycloalkyl-substituted phenol corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is from about 2 to about 10 and their use in light-sensitive mixtures (e.g. positive-working photoresist compositions) also containing alkali-soluble resins such as phenol-formaldehyde novolaks and cresol-formaldehyde novolaks as well as substrates coated therewith.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of using that apparatus to electrostatically pickup and retain a master onto a dielectric substrate is provided. The dielectric substrate can be a flexible web with a conductive coating applied to one surface on which the master is retained. The master has an exposed permanent latent image therein.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a toned pattern on an isolated nonabsorbent conductive receiving surface is disclosed wherein a charged electrostatic latent image area is established on an electrostatically imageable surface, and is transferred to the conductive receiving surface across a gap of between about 1 mil and about 20 mils filled with a liquid formed at least partially of a nonpolar insulating solvent in which are suspended charged toner particles.

Abstract: A bleaching composition for color photographic materials consists essentially of an aqueous solution containing a complex of ferric ion and an aminopolycarboxylic acid or salt thereof; a mercapto-substituted 5-membered heterocyclic nitrogen compound having at least two nitrogen atoms; and a vinyl pyrrolidone polymer selected from the group consisting of poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone and an alkyl-substituted poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone.Use of the novel bleaching composition in the bleaching process for color photographic materials results in a substantial reduction in bleaching time while preventing the formation of a precipitate during the process. Further, use of the bleaching composition and process permits a significant reduction in the amounts of bleaching agent and other components of the bleaching solution required where the bleaching time is not critical which results in a substantial cost reduction.

Abstract: Apparatus for the electrostatic transfer of a developed latent image from a master to a conductive receiving surface is provided and utilizes a transfer roller that traverses the carrier web to bring the master that is attached to the web adjacent to, but not in contact with, the conductive receiving surface.

Abstract: A process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) preparing a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.0 microns in said dispersion;(2) an effective dispersing amount of a surfactant which is compatible with said carbon black; and(3) liquid dispersing medium, wherein the amount of carbon black is sufficient to coat substantially all of said non-conducting surfaces and is less than about 4% by weight of said liquid dispersion;(b) applying said liquid dispersion to the surface of the non-conducting material;(c) separating substantially all of said liquid dispersing medium from said carbon black particles, whereby said particles are deposited on said non-conductive surface in a substantially continuous layer; and(d) electroplating a substantially continuous conductive metal layer over the deposited carbon black layer and said non-conductive surface.

Abstract: An improvement to the process for electroplating the walls of through holes in a laminated printed wiring board which comprises:(a) contacting said printed wiring board with an aqueous alkaline silicate solution, followed by;(b) contacting said printed wiring board with a dispersion of carbon black comprising:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous developing solution containing a quaternary ammonium hydroxide developing agent, and as an additive an effective amount of a select compound which is either 1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene, 4-methylesculetin or a novolak-type resin. The aqueous developing solution is particularly useful in developing an imagewise-exposed layer of a positive-working photoresist composition containing a novolak-type resin and a photosensitive agent. In such application, it has been found that the developing solution more effectively removes the exposed portions of the photoresist composition without leaving a residue of exposed photoresist composition at the interface of the edges of the unexposed portions of the photoresist composition and the oxidized silicon substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge is selectively applied to the anodized surface of an anodized aluminum plate in a predetermined pattern corresponding to the image to be printed, a liquid toner is applied to the charged portions of the anodized surface and the toner is fixed to the anodized surface to provide an imaged lithographic printing plate. The printing plate made by the method may be used to make lithographic prints by applying printing ink to the imaged portions of the plate and transferring the printing ink from the lithographic printing plate to a substrate.

Abstract: A process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) preparing a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.0 microns in said dispersion;(2) an effective dispersing amount of a surfactant which is compatible with said carbon black; and(3) liquid dispersing medium,wherein the amount of carbon black is sufficient to coat substantially all of said non-conducting surfaces and is less than about 4% by weight of said liquid dispersion;(b) applying said liquid dispersion to the surface of the non-conducting material;(c) separating substantially all of said liquid dispersing medium from said carbon black particles, whereby said particles are deposited on said non-conductive surface in a substantially continuous layer; and(d) electroplating a substantially continuous conductive metal layer over the deposited carbon black layer and said non-conductive surface.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image in a desired pattern is formed on an electrostatically imageable surface and toned with a liquid toner to form a toner image on the surface. The toner image is then transferred while still wet to a transfer sheet and then to the surface of a conductor, or the toner image may be transferred directly to the surface of a conductor without a transfer sheet, such direct transfer being preferred. The toner image is then fused to the conductor surface to provide an etch resist pattern of high resolution on the conductor surface. The conductor may then be etched to form a high density printed circuit. In the direct transfer method a nonpolar insulating solvent-carrier is applied to the surface of the conductor and the electrostatically imageable surface.

Abstract: A process for electroless plating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a non-conductive material which comprises:(a) preparing a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.