Abstract: In combination with a cartridge case having a tubular wall and a head closing one end of the wall, a primer disposed through the head and a propellant charge in the case, a collapsible basewad is disclosed which comprises a unitary body between the charge and the head. The unitary body has an upwardly concave upper portion opening to the propellant charge and a generally cylindrical base portion. The upper portion is deflectable. These portions and the tubular wall define therebetween an annular cavity rearward of the propellant charge. This cavity is collapsed upon ignition of the propellant charge by deflection of the upper portion thereby reducing the recoil felt by the shooter without adding any parasitic weight to the projectile load. The upper portion of the basewad preferaly has an inverted truncated hollow cone shape.

Abstract: The average diameter of atomized droplets is reduced thereby reducing both the frequency of collisions between droplets as well as the turbulence at the liquid/solid interface. Reducing the porosity of a spray cast deposit leads to improvements in both the ductility and the electrical conductivity of the deposit.

Abstract: A process plate for the manufacture of molded electronic packages such as plastic pin grid array packages is provided. The process plate is a single fixture which is used to position terminal pins, align the pins for electrical interconnection and form the base of the mold during encapsulation. In one embodiment, the process plate comprises a support plate which is used for all standard terminal pin configurations and a thin cover plate which is specific for each terminal pin configuration. The process plate reduces the number of fixtures required to mold an electronic package reducing both cost and assembly error.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprising units of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a halogen and R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and said units of formula (I) are made by condensing the corresponding halogen-substituted resorcinol of formula (A): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is defined above, with the corresponding para-lower alkyl-substituted 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-phenol of formula (B): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is defined above, and wherein the mole ratio of A:B is from about 0.5:1 to 1.7:1. This phenolic resin may be mixed with photoactive compounds (e.g. 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide sensitizers) to prepare a light-sensitive composition useful as a positive-working photoresist.

Abstract: A process for reducing excess nitric acid in an aqueous hydroxylamine nitrate solution. The process is conducted by reacting the aqueous hydroxylamine nitrate solution with a basic neutralizing agent such as nitric oxide, hydroxylamine vapor or a mixture thereof or by contacting the aqueous hydroxylamine nitrate solution with an anion exchange resin having a pKa in the range of from about 5 to about 9. The aqueous hydroxylamine nitrate solution may be produced by the electrolysis of nitric acid.

Abstract: A method of preparing a permanent photopolymer master with a permanent latent image for use in electrostatic image transfer to a receiving substrate is provided in which the photopolymer master is first flood pre-exposed to increase the resistivity of the entire photopolymer material and then is selectively exposed for a second time to form the permanent latent image in areas of high resistivity and to leave the background areas of the photopolymer with lower resistivity.

Abstract: A molten metal gas-atomizing spray-depositing apparatus has an atomizer for atomizing a stream of molten metal into metal particles in a divergent spray pattern thereof being of higher temperature at a center region of the pattern than at an outer peripheral region thereof. A substrate is continuously movable along an endless path and has an area thereon disposed below the atomizer for receiving a deposit of the particles in the spray pattern to form a product on the substrate being substantially uniform in thickness. The deposit-receiving substrate area has consecutively arranged upstream, intermediate and downstream portions upon which respective inner, intermediate and outer cross-sectional portions of the metal deposit are layered one upon the next to form the product.

Abstract: A process for controlling the concentration of aluminum in the brine of a membrane chlor-alkali cell is disclosed wherein the brine has its calcium carbonate settler solids digested in the calcium chloride flow stream by the addition of an inorganic mineral acid to bring the pH to about 2.0 to about 3.0 to solubilize the aluminum in the brine. The brine has the pH adjusted upwardly to reprecipitate the aluminum onto carrier particles and then removes the reprecipitated aluminum and carrier particles from the brine by filtration or centrifugation.

Abstract: A process for forming an integrated circuit pin grid array package comprising a flexible metal tape adapted for use in tape automated bonding with a plurality of holes. Terminal pins are inserted in the holes and the tapes and pins are disposed within a mold so that a cavity is formed about the pins and tape. The cavity is filled with a polymer resin so as to at least partially surround and support the pins and tape and thereby form the plastic encapsulated pin grid array.

Abstract: Described herein is an improved process for electroplating a conductive metal layer to the surface of a nonconductive material comprising the following steps:(a) preparing a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle diameter of less than about 3.

Abstract: A light-sensitive composition comprising an admixture of:(a) at least one alkali-soluble binder resin;(b) at least one photoactive compound;(c) a sufficient amount of a solvent mixture comprising ethyl lactate and ethyl 3-ethoxy propionate to dissolve (a) and (b);wherein the amount of said binder resin is from about 60% to 95% by weight, the amount of said photoactive compound is from about 5% to about 40% by weight, both based on the total solids content of said light-sensitive composition, and wherein the weight ratio of ethyl lactate to ethyl 3-epoxy propionate is from about 30:70 to 80:20.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude cyanuric acid containing aminotriazine compounds as impurities which comprises digesting the crude cyanuric acid in an aqueous solution containing low concentrations of a mineral acid. The mineral acid is, for example sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or phosphoric acid. The digestion is operated at a temperature in the range of from about 120.degree. C. and about 220.degree. C. and autogenous pressure using a stoichiometric ratio of sulfuric acid to aminotriazine compounds of less than 1, to produce a slurry of purified cyanuric acid in an acid depleted ammonium sulfate solution.Purification of cyanuric acid by the process of the present invention permits a substantial reduction in the amounts of acid used in the digestion and the base required for ammonia stripping and neutralization of the spent acid from the digestion. This provides significant cost savings in the digestion and waste treatment methods.

Abstract: A treatment for metal foil, particularly copper or copper alloy foil, to be used in electrical and electronic applications wherein the bond strength of the foil is improved. The treatment includes applying an aqueous solution of chromic acid phosphoric acid to the foil, rinsing the foil in an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 8 and thereafter forming a plurality of copper or copper oxide dendritic structures on at least one side of the foil. The foil may be further treated by applying a coating of zinc or other suitable material over the dentritic structure and an anti-tarnish treatment applied. The anti-tarnish treatment includes applying a thin coating of zinc to the smooth side of the foil followed by treating the foil with a chromic acid sulfuric acid solution to provide a layer of chromate on both surfaces. The foil is then further treated by rinsing with an aqueous solution of a pH of at least 8 and dried.

Abstract: An effective amount of a reactive metal which reacts whith the spray casting atmosphere but not with the desired alloy is dissolved into the alloy prior to spray casting. Preferred reactive metals readily form a nitride which is finely dispersed throughout the spray cast alloy.

Abstract: A package adapted to encase an electronic component is disclosed. The package comprises a metallic lid component disposed on a metallic base component to form an enclosure adapted to receive said electronic component. A metallic leadframe is disposed between the base and lid components and is glass or polymer sealed therebetween. The base component is split into first and second base layers which are bonded together at their interface with a layer of electrically insulating glass or polymer. In one embodiment, the first and second base layers are bonded only around the edges of their interface, with the internal cavity thereby formed filled with a fluid or powder to enhance heat transfer between the layers. A fluid or powder may also be placed in the electronic component enclosure for further enhancement of heat transfer from the electronic component.

Abstract: A method to manufacture bulk polycrystalline superconducting materials having properties closely related to the properties of a single crystal of the superconducting material is provided. The method includes forming an oriented anisotropic structure by spray casting an atomized precursor onto a ceramic substrate. The precursor may be atomized in a neutral atmosphere and the resultant structure oxidized. In another embodiment, the precursor is atomized in an oxidizing atmosphere and the subsequent oxidation step may be omitted.

Abstract: A wrought metal liner for a shaped charge device having a ductile metal matrix and a discrete second phase is provided. The alloy composition is selected so the second phase is molten when the liner is accelerated following detonation. The molten phase reduces the tensile strength of the matrix so the liner slug is pulverized on striking a well casing. The slug does not penetrate the hole perforated in the well casing by the liner jet and the oil flow into the well bore is not impeded.

Abstract: An improved training cartridge has a plastic case skeletonized at its leading portion and defining a powder chamber at its trailing portion closed by an integral forward wall. The location of the wall is preselected to tailor the internal volume of the powder chamber to substantially equal that of the quantity of propellant charge employed by the cartridge so as to retain the charge in a fixed position in the chamber adjacent the primer. The configuration can either include a plastic bullet for training with projectiles having limited (reduced) range, or be made without a bullet, for those training exercises requiring blanks.

Abstract: A process for preparing water-scale inhibitors and, more specifically, a neat process for preparing acrylic acid/ethylene glycol graft co-polymers and a method for their use as scale inhibitors.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak resin comprising the product of a condensation reaction of an aldehyde comprising a haloacetaldehyde source or a mixture of a haloacetaldehyde source and a formaldehyde source with a phenolic monomer comprising at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from hydrogen or a one to four carbon alkyl group and wherein the ratio of total carbon atoms in the sum of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 to the total number of phenolic nuclei in said resin is from about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1 in the presence of a solvent; said resin made by employing a molar ratio of total aldehyde to total phenolic monomers from about 0.33:1 to about 0.70:1. These phenolic resins are suitable for use in light-sensitive compositions (e.g. positive-working photoresists).