Abstract: A toner composition comprised of resin particles, colorant material and an effect change controlling amount of at least one charge enhancing additive of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a straight-chain alkylene group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; and R.sub.4 is an alkyl group having from about 7 to about 24 carbon atoms.The toners of the present invention are resistant to smearing after fusing onto a suitable substrate, provide good adhesion of the fused image to the substrate, and provide uniform, stable, high net electrical charge on toner particles and work over a wide range of relative humidity.

Abstract: A low cost penetrator projectile is disclosed having a hard metal penetrator core with a generally hollow conical shape. The core is formed from low carbon steel in a series of progressive dies. The formed cores are then carburized and tempered to achieve a final Rockwell hardness of between about C50 and C55.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for ridding moss from an unwanted location such as lawns, walls, monuments, building foundations, tombstones, and combinations thereof which comprises contacting moss growing in said unwanted location with a mossicidal effective amount of a pyrithione salt.

Abstract: Energetic binders, and, more specifically, a class of nitramine-containing homopolymers and co-polymers characterized by favorable viscosity and glass transition temperature are prepared.

Abstract: An aqueous solution comprising alkali metal hydrosulfite and hydroxide ions in an amount to provide a residual alkalinity of at least 0.25 moles per liter results in the decomposition of thiosulfate ions present and inhibits their formation during storage. These solutions can be used, for example, in the bleaching of mechanical pulp.

Abstract: A submunition dispensing system is disclosed which includes inflatable bladders expandable from collapsed to inflated conditions in response to fluid pressure. The bladders are mounted in cavities of a carrier frame underlying subpacks of submunitions. The bladders lie adjacent to the support and central structures of the frame defining the cavities. Each bladder can be configured to have either an unpleated or a pleated configuration in the collapsed condition. The bladder can also be configured for expansion to an overall constant diameter outer shape or to a generally conical outer shape in the inflated condition. Expansion to the conical shape imparts a velocity gradient to the subpack. The dispensing system also includes retaining assemblies for releasably retaining the subpacks in the cavities against the collapsed bladders and a gas generator disposed in a passage of the central structure of the carrier frame.

Abstract: An improved developing system for an electrophotographic color imaging apparatus is disclosed which selectively moves multiple individual developing units from a plurality of first storage positions to the same working or operating position in a processing path to color develop the latent image. The developing system stores the individual developing units remotely from the processing path. The individual toner developing units move in both horizontal and vertical directions as they move from the first storage positions to the second working or operating position. The working position is the same distance and time from the charging and depressant coronas in the process path that is followed to produce a colored image.

Abstract: A water monitoring system, and more particularly a method and kit for detecting the presence of live undesirable or indicator microorganisms in water after treatment of the water with chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: A solid calcium hypochlorite composition contains hydrated calcium hypochlorite and an alkali metal salt of phosphonobutane polycarboxylic acid having an available chlorine concentration of at least 50 percent by weight and a water content of at least 4 percent by weight.It has been found that the use of the novel compositions of the present invention can significantly reduce scale formation in dispensers for calcium hypochlorite particularly where water having high total alkalinity is used. The prevention or inhibition of scale formation is accomplished without harmfully affecting other properties of the pool water such as the pH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making an isocyanate which comprises the steps of: (a) reacting an amine with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a hydrolase enzyme catalyst, preferably at a temperature not exceeding 50.degree. C. to form a methyl urethane, and (b) subjecting said methyl urethane to an elevated temperature in order to thermally cleave the urethane to produce an isocyanate.

Abstract: A methylol-substituted trihydroxybenzophenone of the formula (I): ##STR1## This methylol-substituted trihydroxybenzophenone may be reacted with selected phenolic monomers during or after the formation of a phenolic novolak resin thereby said resin having at least one unit of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R and R.sub.1 are individually selected from hydrogen, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A heat transfer composition comprising a heat transfer medium and a lubricant, wherein said heat transfer medium is a low boiling organic compound and wherein said lubricant is a halogenated polyoxyalkylene monoalcohol having the empirical structural formula:R.sub.1 X.sub.m (OR.sub.2).sub.n --OHwherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, X is a halogen, m is an integer of between 1 and 37, and n is an integer from 5-350. Also claimed is the process for making the lubricant and the lubricant composition itself.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak resin comprising the product of a condensation reaction of an aldehyde comprising a haloacetaldehyde source or a mixture of a haloacetaldehyde source and a formaldehyde source with a phenolic monomer comprising at least one compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from hydrogen or a one to four carbon alkyl group and wherein the ratio of total carbon atoms in the sum of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 to the total number of phenolic nuclei in said resin is from about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1 in the presence of a solvent; said resin made by employing a molar ratio of total aldehyde to total phenolic monomers from about 0.33:1 to about 0.70:1. These phenolic resins are suitable for use in light-sensitive compositions (e.g. positive-working photoresists).

Abstract: Aromatic nitration reactions and, more specifically, a process for nitrating toluene to dinitrotoluene. The process involves a liquid phase nitration reaction of anhydrous nitric acid and toluene in a molar ratio of between about 5:1 and about 9:1 of nitric acid to toluene in a reactor at a reaction temperature of between about 40.degree. C. and about 70.degree. C., in the absence of sulfuric acid and in the absence of any dipolar organic solvent, to produce a mixture containing dinitrotoluene, and isolating said dinitrotoluene by contacting said mixture with a phase separating effective amount of an alkali or alkaine earth metal nitrate salt to cause phase separation of said dinitrotoluene.

Abstract: An integrated circuit assembly for electrical applications is disclosed. The assembly includes a lead frame formed from a composite structure. The composite structure comprises a substrate formed of a nickel-iron alloy. A cladding is bonded to opposite surfaces of the substrate. The cladding consists essentially of about 15% to about 70% nickel and the balance essentially copper. The resulting lead frame has a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 50 to about 100 in/in/.degree.C. A second embodiment of the integrated circuit assembly also relates to a lead frame formed from a composite structure. The composite structure comprises a substrate formed of a nickel-iron alloy. A cladding material is bonded to opposite surfaces of the substrate for providing the circuit assembly with relatively high electrical and thermal conductivity. A second cladding is bonded to opposite surfaces of the first cladding so that the lead frame has a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 50 to about 100 in/in/.degree.C.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,2,4-triazol-5-one comprises reacting a semicarbazide compound with a formic acid compound formylating agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of a sulfur-oxygen containing acid.The process is able to produce 1,2,4-triazol-5-one from semicarbazide hydrochloride having significantly lower concentrations of chloride ion, which is advantageous, for example, in the production of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one as an explosive used in castable explosive compositions.

Abstract: A multi-metal layer interconnect tape is provided. The tape is not supported by a dielectric carrier. A thin dielectric adhesive layer separates at least two self supporting metal foil layers. In one embodiment of the invention, conductive vias electrically interconnect leads formed in a first metal foil layer with ground and power circuits formed in a second metal foil layer. The metal foil layers are in close proximity so the vias have a low aspect ratio. The vias may be readily coated with continuous film of a conductive metal and are much easier to clean than conventional vias having significantly higher aspect ratios.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for manufacturing a flechette load, a series of operative steps are carried out to produce a matrix-supported load of flechettes held in a desired array. First, a load of flechettes are mounted by a die end cap in a desired array in which at least the trailing end portions thereof are exposed and disposed in closely spaced side-by-side relation. Next, the die end cap is assembled to a die body such that at least the exposed trailing end portions of the flechettes are placed in the mold cavity of the assembled die. A mixture of expandable thermoplastic beads and, preferably, a bond weakening agent is also placed in the mold cavity with the mixture surrounding the exposed trailing end portions of the flechettes therein. Finally, the mixture is heated so as to produce in the mold cavity directly on and about the exposed trailing end portions of the flechettes a matrix in the form of a solid foam body of a thermoplastic foam material.

Abstract: A process for applying a film of uniform thickness of photoresist solids onto a substrate comprising the steps of:(a) forming a liquid photoresist composition comprising photoresist solids in a solvent; the solids content of said photoresist composition being in the range from about 10% by weight to about 22% by weight;(b) forming atomized spray droplets of said liquid photoresist composition;(c) allowing said atomized spray droplets to settle by gravity onto a substrate surface, thereby forming a photoresist coating on that surface; and(d) spinning said coated substrate at a pre-determined spin speed and for a pre-determined time to remove substantially all of said solvent from said photoresist coating and to form a film of uniform thickness of photoresist solids on the substrate.

Abstract: An arcjet thruster has a body defining a constrictor and nozzle constituting an anode and forming an arc chamber. An elongated rod constitutes a cathode spaced from the constrictor by a gap generally coextensive with the arc chamber. An electrical potential is applied to the anode and cathode to generate an electrical arc in the arc chamber from the cathode to the anode. Propellant is supplied to the arc chamber with generation of the arc so as to produce thermal heating and expansion of the propellant through the nozzle. The thruster employs several features which improve its performance. One feature relates to the use of propellant blends with high specific impulse additives. Another feature relates to injection of the high specific impulse additive into the bulk propellant feed at the region of the cathode tip.