Abstract: A process to control the addition of excess carbonate to brine systems is provided wherein the process measures the raw brine flow rate through the carbonate reactors, the concentration of calcium in the brine feeding the reactors and the concentration of carbonate in the sodium carbonate feed tank to calculate the quantity of sodium carbonate necessary to remove substantially all of the calcium impurity in the brine by precipitating it out as a calcium carbonate flocculant. The process is automated and employs an information feed forward system.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are readily recovered from aqueous solutions by contacting the aqueous solution with an oxidized activated carbon having a low concentration of acidic oxides.The novel oxidized activated carbon is produced by contacting activated carbon with an acidic oxidizing agent which is used in low concentrations.The process can be employed to reduce aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene from aqueous solutions such as industrial effluents or potable water supplies to levels permissible by environmental protection regulations.

Abstract: A dual plastic compression formed shotshell casing includes an injection-molded annular-shaped hard plastic rim and an elongated compression-formed tubular body having an integral basewad portion at its base end which is mechanically interlocked with the rim to define the final basewad of the shotshell casing. In method of making the shotshell casing, the hard plastic rim is first injection molded independently. The tubular body is then formed in a two-step process. In the first step, a plastic preform is injection molded over the rim in mechanically interlocked relation to the rim. In the second step, the tubular body is compression formed from the preform mechanically locked to the rim.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for the preparation of red colored magnetic particles for multicomponent toner compositions which are highly conductive and therefore suitable for use as developers in high speed electrophotographic copy machines embodying magnetic brush development. Suitable magnetic core metal particles are provided which are subsequently coated with finely divided particles of copper oxide (CuO). The copper oxide coating is then reduced in-situ on the surface of the core particle to provide an electrically conductive core particle uniformly coated with adherent metallic copper, which particle is of a red color.The present invention also provides a method for controlling and adjusting the electrical conductivity and color of toner materials as a function of the amount of metallic copper deposited on the surface of the magnetic core materials.

Abstract: A baseplug for a target-penetrating projectile containing an explosive in which the baseplug is fabricated in two components each preferably fabricated from a powdered pyrophoric material. The powdered pyrophoric material may be zirconium or titanium or alloys thereof which is charged with hydrogen which upon burning of the baseplug is released to increase the fine start capability of the projectile.

Abstract: A trihydroxybenzopohenone compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, halide group, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of copper base alloys having improved resistance to thermally induced softening is provided. The alloy composition is selected so that the alloy undergoes either a peritectic or eutectic transformation during cooling. The solidification rate is controlled so that the second phase forms as a uniform dispersion of a relatively small dispersoid. The dispersoid inhibits recrystallization resulting in an alloy less susceptible to softening at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A sabot bullet having a bullet body and sabot segments defining an outer cylindrical surface in surrounding relationship to the bullet body. The bullet body has a pair of spaced conical parts interconnected by a central part of cylindrical configuration. The central part increases the strength of the bullet body and assures that the bullet body will not break at the central part during penetration of the bullet body in a target. Another embodiment of the sabot bullet includes a bullet body having a front part of metallic material and a rear part of a second material, such as plastic or the like. The second part, being lighter in weight than the first part, reduces the overall weight of the bullet body to assure a higher velocity of travel of the bullet body with greater accuracy due to its lighter weight. An armor piercing sabot bullet is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copper-iron-nickel alloys having utility in electronic applications because of their low coefficients of expansion and high thermal conductivities. Alloys in accordance with the present invention consist essentially of from 10% to about 80% copper and the balance iron plus nickel with the ratio of iron to nickel being in the range of from about 1.5:1 to about 2.0:1. Preferred alloys have an iron to nickel ratio in the range of from about 1.6:1 to about 1.9:1. The process includes casting the alloy and treating the iron-nickel phase of alloy to minimize its surface volume. The treating step may comprise speroidizing the iron-nickel phase or applying an electromagnetic stirring force to the alloy during the casting step.

Abstract: A positive or negative latent image can be developed with negatively or positively charged toner particles, respectively, that are microcapsular. The shell material of the toner particles is a melamine-formaldehyde resin or a starch-based material. The core is a liquid solution comprising at least a liquid, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a leuco dye and a photoinitiator.

Abstract: Composite materials for electronic packages are disclosed. The composite materials comprise a core layer and first and second cladding layers. The core and cladding layer compositions and thicknesses are selected to maximize thermal and electrical conductivity and to minimize the coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite. The composite material may be employed to fashion the package base, the leadframe, a heat spreader or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, a portion of the first cladding layer is removed so that an electronic device may be mounted directly to a high thermal conductivity core.

Abstract: A metal extrusion process and apparatus in wich a semisolid material is fed into a passageway formed between first and second members, with one of the members being moved toward a die such that the moveable member draws the semisolid material through the passageway and through the die means.

Abstract: The process of electroplating a metal layer to the surface of a nonconductive material which comprised the steps:(a) contacting said substrate surface with an alkaline permanganate solution for an effective time and at an effective concentration and at an elevated temperature to prepare said substrate surface for a metal layer to be electroplated thereto;(b) then contacting said substrate surface with an aqueous neutralizer/conditioner solution, said solution comprising water, at least one neutral or acidic reducing agent, and at least one polyelectrolyte polymer conditioner;(c) then contacting said substrate with a liquid dispersion of carbon black comprised of:(1) carbon black particles having an average particle size of less than about 3 microns in said dispersion;(2) an effective dispersing amount of a surfactant which is compatible with said carbon black; and(3) a liquid dispersing medium, wherein the amount of carbon black is sufficient to coat substantially all of the nonconducting substrate surface an

Abstract: A metal extrusion process and apparatus in which a semisolid material is fed into a passageway formed between first and second members, with one of the members being moved toward a die such that the semisolid material is drawn through the passageway and solidifies before passing through the die means.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a new pyrithione salt, namely chitosan pyrithione, is produced. This composition is characterized by a combination of slow release from films and excellent antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity is equivalent to that of sodium pyrithione. These properties make chitosan pyrithione potentially useful as an antimicrobial agent in a variety of dermatological items, such as soaps, shampoos, and skin care medicaments.

Abstract: A kit for the assembly of an adhesively sealed package designed to encase an electronic device is provided. The kit comprises a metallic base and cover components which are adapted to receive a polymeric adhesive. At least those portions of the base and cover component which will contact the polymeric adhesive are provided with a coating of a second metal or oxide. In one embodiment, first, second and third dry film adhesives are tacked to the base and cover components.

Abstract: A sabot bullet having a bullet body with an improved configuration in the area at which the two conical parts of the bullet body are joined. A connecting part is provided between the parts which extend longitudinally of the bullet body and is integral with the adjacent ends of the conical parts. In a first embodiment, the connecting part is a cylindrical connecting member integral at its ends with the conical parts. In a second embodiment, the connecting part is an annular, solid extension having a traversely concave outer surface; thus, the extension represents a gradual change in the outer surface of the bullet body from one conical part to the other conical part. An improved sabot segment has ribs on the outer surface thereof. These ribs allow the sabot segment to be compressed or to yield when the sabot bullet is fired from a gun. The ribs extend longitudinally of the sabot segments and are preferably transversely semi-circular. End bands can also be provided with the ribs.

Abstract: A semiconductor package for mounting a chip is disclosed. The package includes a first metal or metal alloy component having a first thin refractory oxide layer on a first surface. The chip is bonded to the first component. A skirt extends from the first component for strengthening the first component and providing heat transfer from the semiconductor package. A second metal or metal alloy lead frame having second and third refractory oxide layers on opposite surfaces is electrically connected to the chip and is bonded to the first oxide layer. Also, the lead frame is insulated from the first component by the first and second refractory oxide layers. A second metal or metal alloy component has a fourth refractory oxide layer on one surface and is bonded to the third refractory oxide layer so that the chip is hermetically sealed between the first and second components.

Abstract: A method of using a liquid electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a multilayer plate of a photopolymer material and a protective overcoated material whose surface is hard, low friction and acts as a physical and chemical barrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying an aromatic nitration product mixture comprising a nitrated aromatic compound, water, and nitric or sulfuric acid which comprises without regard to sequence: (a) removing at least a portion of said water from said product mixture by contacting and reacting said water in said mixture with magnesium nitrate trihydrate to form magnesium nitrate pentahydrate or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and removing said magnesium nitrate pentahydrate or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate from said nitrated aromatic compound in said product mixture, and (b) removing at least a portion of said acid from said product mixture by contacting and reacting said acid with an ionic or non-ionic absorbent to form a reacted absorbent and removing said reacted absorbent from said nitrated aromatic compound in said product mixture.