Abstract: A composite material includes a structural carrier layer and a relatively thin metal foil layer separated by a release layer. The release layer, that may be an admixture of a metal such as nickel or chromium and a non-metal such as chromium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium phosphate or nickel phosphate, provides a release force for the metal foil layer from the carrier strip that is typically on the order of 0.1 pound per inch to 2 pounds per inch. This provides sufficient adhesion to prevent premature separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier layer, but easy removal of the carrier layer when desired. The metal foil layer may be electrolytically formed copper having a low height profile, on the order of 0.5 micron to 2.7 microns, bond strength enhancing agent coating a side of the metal foil layer. The enhanced surface is subsequently bonded to a dielectric and the carrier layer then removed.

Abstract: A plastic, cup-shaped, multi-petal sabot housing a sub-caliber projectile for use such as in shotgun cartridges. The sabot engages the rifling of the shotgun barrel and transfers the spin to the projectile. A reinforcement disk is advantageously at least partially embedded in a sabot base and has a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures. Sabot base material extends through the additional apertures. Advantageously, in its relaxed condition, each sabot petal includes a protrusion from its inboard surface for engaging a projectile ogive. The protrusion and its contact area with the projectile are fractions of the local petal width.

Abstract: A bullet includes a frontward facing aperture. Contained within the aperture is a relatively hard bullet frontal element that provides advantageous bullet impact performance. In one embodiment, the frontal element is a steel sphere that provides advantageous penetration and weight retention when the bullet impacts laminated glass, such as an automobile windshield.

Abstract: A high copper alloy with good resistance to stress relaxation at temperatures of up to at least 150° C., consists, by weight, essentially of from 0.8% to 3% of iron, from 0.3% to 2% of nickel, from 0.6% to 1.4% of tin, from 0.005% to 0.35% phosphorous and the remainder copper and inevitable impurities. The alloy has an electrical conductivity in excess of 40% IACS and a yield strength of 70 ksi or higher at final gauge following a relief anneal. Over 75% of an imposed stress remains after exposure to 150° C. for 3000 hours. The combination of good electrical conductivity, high strength and high stress relaxation resistance makes the alloys particularly suitable for under the hood automotive electrical connectors.

Abstract: A composite material, comprising a carrier strip the carrier strip comprising a first side the first side comprising a substantially uniform roughness, an electrolytically deposited copper foil layer having opposing first and second sides and a thickness of from 0.1 micron to 15 microns and the entire metal foil layer thickness having been deposited from a copper containing alkaline electrolyte, and a release layer effective to facilitate separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier strip disposed between and contacting both the first side of the carrier strip and the second side of the metal foil layer.

Abstract: A jacket precursor, a pellet first core precursor, and a second core precursor are provided. The pellet and second core precursor are inserted into the jacket precursor. The second core precursor is pressed against the pellet so as to deform the pellet to fill a frontal volume of the jacket precursor as a first core with relatively less (if any) deformation of the second core precursor. An aft portion of the jacket precursor is deformed to contain the second core precursor as a second core. Preferred embodiments are formed substantially as drop-in replacements for existing bullets. A match embodiment features a lead rear core and a very light front core (e.g., a carbonate powder). A non-toxic embodiment comprises a tin front core and a harder rear core.

Abstract: A composite material includes a structural carrier layer and a relatively thin metal foil layer separated by a release layer. The release layer, that may be an admixture of a metal such as nickel or chromium and a non-metal such as chromium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium phosphate or nickel phosphate, provides a release force for the metal foil layer from the carrier strip that is typically on the order of 0.1 pound per inch to 2 pounds per inch. This provides sufficient adhesion to prevent premature separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier layer, but easy removal of the carrier layer when desired. The metal foil layer may be electrolytically formed copper having a low height profile, on the order of 0.5 micron to 2.7 microns, bond strength enhancing agent coating a side of the metal foil layer. The enhanced surface is subsequently bonded to a dielectric and the carrier layer then removed.

Abstract: An alpha brass (copper/zinc alloy with less than 39%, by weight, of zinc) stock alloy has controlled additions of nickel, tin and phosphorous. The combination of nickel and tin increase resistance of the alloy to elevated temperature stress relaxation. As a result, spring contacts formed from alloys of the invention maintain a higher percentage of initially imposed stress at elevated temperatures, in the range of 125° C. to 150° C., for significantly longer times than other brass alloys of comparable strength.

Abstract: There is provided a lead-free projectile suitable for use as a bullet to be fired from a pistol or rifle or as a slug to be fired from a shotgun. The projectile core is formed from a high purity tin and has deformation properties similar to that of lead based projectiles without the environmental hazards associated with lead.

Abstract: Aqueous electroplating solutions and methods are provided for the codeposition of zinc and chromium. The solutions include effective amounts of zinc, chromium, and hydroxyl ions. The solutions further include an effective amount of one or more ions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or a combination thereof other than sodium and potassium, to in major part balance the hydroxyl ions. A preferred alkali metal is rubidium.

Abstract: There is provided a copper-base alloy useful for coinage that has a golden visual appearance. The material has a transverse electrical conductivity substantially similar to that of copper alloy C713 and when clad to a copper alloy C110 core, a transverse electrical conductivity substantially similar to both sides of a Susan B. Anthony United States dollar coin. The copper-base alloy is a copper-manganese-zinc-nickel alloy.

Abstract: A method of growing a silicon oxide layer on a silicon substrate by means of a thermal oxidation in a furnace in the presence of a gaseous mixture, said mixture comprising oxygen and Cl2, said Cl2 being generated by an organic chlorine-carbon source, particularly oxalyl chloride. This method is directed to the growth of (ultra) thin silicon oxides and/or the cleaning of a substrate using a low oxidation power. Consequently the method disclosed is especially suited for temperature below 700° C. and for oxidation ambients containing only small amounts of oxygen.

Abstract: A copper alloy having improved stress relaxation resistance is formed from a copper base alloy that consists, by weight, essentially of 1.8%-3.0% iron, 0.01%-1.0% zinc, 0.001 %-0.25% phosphorus, 0.1 %-0.35% magnesium and the balance is copper and unavoidable impurities. When compared to other copper base alloys that include iron, zinc and phosphorous, the disclosed alloy has improved resistance to stress relaxation. In addition, directionality of stress relaxation resistance (where stress relaxation resistance is typically poorer in a transverse strip direction relative to a longitudinal strip direction for a copper alloy that is strengthened by cold rolling) is reduced to being nearly equivalent, regardless of strip direction. The alloy is particularly useful for electronic applications, such as being formed into an electrical connectors.

Abstract: A relatively high carbon, water-atomized, steel shot is softened via annealing to render it suitable for ballistic use. The annealing preferably includes decarburization from a surface layer or throughout and preferably provides the shot with a surface Knoop hardness of less than 250.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a tintable coating composition, comprising an admixture of: (A) about 2 to about 80 wt % of a carboxylated urethane polymer dispersion mixture made from 1,6-hexanediol and 4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexylisocyanate); (B) about 5 to about 65 wt % of a hydroxylated methylmethacrylate acrylic polymer emulsion; (C) about 0.1 to about 3 wt % of a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking agent comprising an aziridine-based crosslinking compound; and (D) optionally, about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt % of a solvent; all percentages based on the total weight of the coating composition. The coating composition of the present invention may be used as a clear coating, or may include a decorative component such as dyes, pigments, colorants, metal flakes, metal powders, glass flakes, glass powders, and combinations thereof, that add a decorative or colored characteristic to the disclosed coating composition.

Abstract: A composite material includes a structural carrier layer and a relatively thin metal foil layer separated by a release layer. The release layer, that may be an admixture of a metal such as nickel or chromium and a non-metal such as chromium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium phosphate or nickel phosphate, provides a peel strength for the metal foil layer from the carrier strip that is typically on the order of 0.1 pound per inch to 2 pounds per inch. This provides sufficient adhesion to prevent premature separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier layer, but easy removal of the carrier layer when desired. Typically, the metal foil layer is subsequently bonded to a dielectric and the carrier layer then removed. The metal foil layer is then imaged into circuit features in the manufacture of printed circuit boards and flexible circuits.

Abstract: A relatively high carbon, water-atomized, steel shot is softened via annealing to render it suitable for ballistic use. The annealing preferably includes decarburization from a surface layer or throughout and preferably provides the shot with a surface Knoop hardness of less than 250.

Abstract: A copper alloy having improved resistance to cracking due to localized plastic deformation and the process of making it. The alloy consists essentially of: from 0.7 to 3.5 weight percent nickel; from 0.2 to 1 weight percent silicon; from 0.05 to 1 weight percent tin; from 0.26 to 1 weight percent iron; and the balance copper and unavoidable impurities. The copper alloy has a local ductility index of greater than 0.7 and a tensile elongation exceeding 5%. Cobalt may be substituted for iron, in whole or in part, on a 1:1 basis by weight. The alloy is precipitation hardenable and useful for electronic applications, including without limitation, connectors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a tintable coating composition, comprising an admixture of (A) about 2 to about 80 wt % of a carboxylated urethane polymer mixture made from 2,6-hexanediol and 4,4-methylenebis (cyclohexylisocyanate); (B) about 5 to about 65 wt % of a hydroxylated methylmethacrylate acrylic polymer; (C) about 0.2 to about 10 wt % of an epoxylated silane cross-linking agent; and (D) optionally, about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt % of a solvent; all percentages based on the total weight of the coating composition. The coating composition of the present invention may be used as a clear coating, or may include a decorative component such as dyes, pigments, colorants, metal flakes, metal powders, glass flakes, glass powders, and combinations thereof, that add a decorative or colored characteristic to the disclosed coating composition.

Abstract: Radiation-setting compositions suitable for the formation of LCD spacers or protective layers which are excellent in photosetting properties (requiring no heat-setting) and development properties, have high adhesiveness to substrates and excellent mechanical characteristics, remain stable over a long storage time and show excellent working condition-dependency. Such a radiation-setting composition for the formation of LCD spacers or protective layers comprises a (meth)acrylic acid-based copolymer having an acid value of 30 to 200 and a glass transition temperature of −30 to 180° C., a (meth)acrylate-based compound obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having a specific structure with a monomer at least having an acidic group, a radiation-sensitive compound and a solvent.