Abstract: A transparent resist 13 having a certain thickness is provided on a full reflection film 11a at light reflection portions 11, and light reflection portions 12 are formed as holes having a certain depth, when one of the substrates 10 has an inner surface provided with the light reflection portions 11 made of the full reflection film 11a and the light transmission portions 12 formed as openings without the full reflection layer, and a color filter 14 is provided on each paired light reflection portion 11 and light transmission portion 12.

Abstract: Although the driving voltage of an organic EL element is gradually reduced (gradually decreases) as an ambient temperature increases, a supply voltage VSEG, which is supplied to a data electrode driver, is controlled to so as to be kept at a higher value than the driving voltage of the organic EL element by about 6 V as a margin value for supply source in an intermediate temperature range (e.g., from 20 to 60° C.). In a high temperature range, the supply voltage VSEG is decreased, according to temperature rise, in a higher degree as the gradual decrease in the supply voltage VSEG in the intermediate temperature range.

Abstract: An organic EL element is provided which is capable of restraining chrominance non-uniformity caused by a film thickness distribution of an applied film, of having good display quality, of reducing the driving voltage, and of having interlayer short-circuit endurance. The organic EL element according to one mode of the present invention comprises an anode 11, a cathode 12, and an organic EL layer 13. The organic EL layer comprises a hole injection layer 131 and a hole transport layer 132. The hole injection layer includes organic-thin-film-forming-molecules and dopants oxidizing the organic-thin-film-forming-molecules, the dopants having a reduction potential of 0.5 to 0.85 V with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, and the hole transport layer having an ionization potential of 8.5×10?19 J (5.3 eV) or below.

Abstract: An organic EL display device includes color filters 102, an overcoat layer 103 and an inorganic solid layer 104 disposed on a substrate 101; a first electrodes 105, an organic film 107 and a second electrodes 108 disposed on the inorganic solid layer 104; an insulating layer 106 disposed so as to cover edge portions of the first electrodes. The organic EL display device can improve production yield and restrain visual failure from being caused with the lapse of time by including a protection layer 109 so as to prevent the inorganic solid layer 104 from being damaged.

Abstract: An organic EL panel 114 includes an anode 144, which is a transparent and conductive, a cathode 134, and an organic EL multilayer film 124 sandwiched between the anode 144 and the cathode 134, wherein the cathode 134 has an interface with the organic EL multilayer film 124, the interface comprising a black material. An organic EL display device includes such an organic EL element.

Abstract: A method for aging an organic electroluminescence display element where the integration value with respect to an applied voltage and a voltage application time in a reverse direction is at least twice as much as in a forward direction.

Abstract: At a wire crossover portion, extension wires, which are electrically connected to scanning electrode connecting wires, extend so as to cross over the other scanning electrode circuitous wires without having contact with the other scanning electrode circuitous wires and to be electrically connected to the corresponding scanning electrode circuitous wire. Thus, it is possible to ensure routes for leading out respective scanning electrodes without having contact with other wires, and it is possible to collectively apply a voltage for an aging treatment to the respective routes. Portions, where the extension wires extend so as to cross over, are formed in the same step as a step for forming a cathode layer as the scanning electrodes.

Abstract: One mode of the fabricating method according to the present invention comprises the steps of spraying a solution in which a solute forming a least one portion of an organic layer is dissolved; and drying the substrate to evaporate the solvent contained in the sprayed solution; wherein the solution comprises a first solvent capable of dissolving the solute by 1 mass % or above and a volatile solvent capable of completely volatilizing before the sprayed solution has been arrived on the substrate.

Abstract: A first organic EL display device has cathode-common wires for aging, first and second connection resistances at cathode side for aging, and a cathode-lead wire for aging formed thereon, the cathode-lead wire for aging connecting between a first connection resistance at cathode side for aging on a side remote from the cathode-common wires for aging and the cathode-common wires for aging. The cathode-lead wire for aging is drawn out of the first connection resistance at cathode side for aging, passes outside cathode circuitous wiring in a second organic EL display device adjacent the first organic EL display device, passes through a space defined by the second organic EL display device, first and second connection resistances at cathode side for aging of the second organic EL display device, and a connection resistance at anode side for aging of the second organic EL display device, and is connected to the cathode-common wires for aging.

Abstract: Although the driving voltage of an organic EL element is gradually reduced (gradually decreases) as an ambient temperature increases, a supply voltage VSEG, which is supplied to a data electrode driver, is controlled to so as to be kept at a higher value than the driving voltage of the organic EL element by about 6 V as a margin value for supply source in an intermediate temperature range (e.g., from 20 to 60° C.). In a high temperature range, the supply voltage VSEG is decreased, according to temperature rise, in a higher degree as the gradual decrease in the supply voltage VSEG in the intermediate temperature range.

Abstract: An image display system includes a screen comprising a pair of substrates with transparent electrodes provided thereon, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a cured resin and being capable of exhibiting a light transmissive state and a light scattering state; and an image-projecting unit for projecting an image on the screen; wherein a frame comprising a combination of the light transmissive state and the light scattering state as a minimum repetitive satisfies a certain relationship.

Abstract: A driving method for a liquid crystal display device with a cholesteric liquid crystal having a memory mode of operation including a first stage of applying a first voltage to change the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal to a homeotropic state, a second stage of applying a second voltage to change the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal to a homogeneous state or a homogeneous/planar-mixed state, and a third stage of applying a third voltage to change the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal from the homogeneous state or the homogeneous/planar-mixed state to a focalconic state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal/polymer composite is sandwiched between a pair of substrates with electrodes, the polymer forms a plurality of column resins, column resins of which the major axis directions substantially agree with the normal direction of the substrate plane and column resins which are aligned on the tilt coexist, the content of the polymer is at least 10 wt %, the alignment of the liquid crystal substantially agrees with the normal direction and the liquid crystal is in a light transmitting state under application of no voltage, and the alignment of the liquid crystal changes and the liquid crystal is in a light scattering state under application of a voltage.

Abstract: When a new image is written to a liquid crystal panel, row electrodes are scanned a-line-at-a-time in time periods Tp1, Tp2, selected row electrodes are set at a voltage Vr, and all column electrodes are set at ?Vc. The portions of a liquid crystal at the selected row electrodes have a voltage of Vr+Vc applied thereacross to bring the liquid crystal in the entire screen into a planar state. After the portions of the liquid crystal at all pixels have been brought into the planar state, new display is written by a-line-at-a-time scanning in time periods Td1, Td2.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer, a light-emitting layer present between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and a hole transporting thin film layer present between the light-emitting layer and the anode layer, wherein the hole transporting thin film layer in contact with the anode layer, contains at least 5 mass % of a polymer compound, and the value of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the thin film layer is at least 2.1 eV.

Abstract: An array substrate according to the invention includes an external terminal formed in the vicinity of an end portion of an insulating substrate so as to supply electric potential from the exterior to a driving circuit, a signal line monitoring terminal formed in parallel with the external terminal, a signal line branch terminal formed in such a way as to be connected to a signal line or to a signal line terminal, and an internal terminal associated with the signal line monitoring terminal, which is connected to the signal line monitoring terminal and connectable to a signal line branch terminal by an electrically conductive material and a bump of the driving circuit.

Abstract: Scanning electrode circuitous wires are disposed in an area in the vicinity of a left side of a rectangular substrate; data electrode connecting wires, which serve to supply a signal to data electrodes from outside an organic EL display device, are disposed between the data electrodes and an upper side of the rectangular substrate; and scanning electrode connecting wires, which serve to supply a signal to scanning electrodes from outside the organic EL display device, are disposed between the scanning electrodes and a right side of the rectangular substrate.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a MLA operating circuit which reads from gradation data of [b2, b1, b0] stored in frame memories b2 in a period of the first frame, and b1 and b0 in periods T1 and T0 of the second frame to produce a column data signal 104 ([c2, c1, c0]), and a timing control circuit which controls a latch signal to column drivers so that the time ratio of the first frame to the second frame is 4:3 and the time ration of divided selection periods in the second frame is 2:1. With this, the number of change points of voltage level applicable in selection periods can be reduced whereby occurrence of a waveform distortion is minimized and a possibility of an uneven display in the liquid crystal display device is reduced.

Abstract: There are provided at least two liquid crystal panels 10, 20 including the liquid crystals developing a memory effect, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on a side opposite to a viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 615-665 nm, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 490-540 nm, and a color filter having a certain transmission property is provided between the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the viewer side and the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the side opposite to the viewer side.

Abstract: A liquid display device of D-STN mode capable of suppressing a line-shaped ununiformity of brightness in displaying a dark appearance is presented. A displaying cell 1 and a compensation cell 21 are formed so that there is a difference of thickness of at least 0.05 mm between the thickness of a glass substrate 2 at a front side of the displaying cell 1 and the thickness of a glass substrate at a rear side of the compensation cell 21. The displaying cell 1 and the compensation cell 21 are arranged between a first polarizing plate 32 and a second polarizing plate 33. A backlight 31 is of a type emitting light whose half value width with respect to the peak luminance is at least 5 nm.