Abstract: In an organic EL display, wherein anodes, cathode connection terminals, an insulating film, partition walls, organic compound layers and cathodes are provided on a substrate, the insulating film has apertural areas formed in positions serving as display pixels, and first structure is provided so as to surround connection positions between the cathodes and the cathode connection terminals in a region outside an endmost anode, the first structure avoids the formation of a resistor by preventing an organic material solution from flowing in the first structure when the organic material solution is applied.

Abstract: A liquid display device of D-STN mode capable of suppressing a line-shaped ununiformity of brightness in displaying a dark appearance is presented. A displaying cell 1 and a compensation cell 21 are formed so that there is a difference of thickness of at least 0.05 mm between the thickness of a glass substrate 2 at a front side of the displaying cell 1 and the thickness of a glass substrate at a rear side of the compensation cell 21. The displaying cell 1 and the compensation cell 21 are arranged between a first polarizing plate 32 and a second polarizing plate 33. A backlight 31 is of a type emitting light whose half value width with respect to the peak luminance is at least 5 nm.

Abstract: At a wire crossover portion, extension wires, which are electrically connected to scanning electrode connecting wires, extend so as to cross over the other scanning electrode circuitous wires without having contact with the other scanning electrode circuitous wires and to be electrically connected to the corresponding scanning electrode circuitous wire. Thus, it is possible to ensure routes for leading out respective scanning electrodes without having contact with other wires, and it is possible to collectively apply a voltage for an aging treatment to the respective routes. Portions, where the extension wires extend so as to cross over, are formed in the same step as a step for forming a cathode layer as the scanning electrodes.

Abstract: In one mode of the present invention, there is provided an organic EL display device, which includes an organic light emitting layer provided between sets of electrodes, comprising color filters 22 and an overcoat layer 23 provided on a substrate 21; an inorganic solid layer 24 provided on the overcoat layer 23; a first set of transparent electrodes 25 provided on the inorganic solid layer 24; a light emitting layer 27 provided on the first set of electrodes 25; and a second set of electrodes 28 formed on the light emitting layer 27; wherein the inorganic solid layer 24 has routes for moisture passage formed in regions between adjacent electrodes of the first set so as to be uniform over an entire active area.

Abstract: On a substrate 111, a color filter each comprising color layers 1A, 1B, 1C of three primary colors (red, green and blue) and a liquid-material-spreading preventive member 26 are formed, the liquid-material-spreading preventive member being disposed at the region 31 outside the anode wire formed at the outermost side. Then, a protective layer 4, anodes 101 and cathode supplementary wires 121 are formed on the substrate and an insulation film 122 is formed thereon. In the insulation film 122, openings 123 are formed at positions corresponding to display pixels. Partition walls 100 are formed on the insulation film 122 and a solution of organic material is applied onto the insulation film to form a thin organic compound layer. The spreading of the solution is prevented by the presence of the liquid-material-spreading preventive member 26. After thin organic compound layers are formed, cathode wires 105 are formed.

Abstract: An organic EL display element having an anode, a driving circuit connecting terminal, a cathode and a cathode supplementary wire having a low resistance, a low contact resistance to the cathode and the driving circuit connecting terminal and having reliable contact characteristics wherein the cathode supplementary wire is disposed between the driving circuit connecting terminal and the cathode and has a surface layer composed of Mo or a Mo alloy, is presented.

Abstract: When the ambient temperature of an organic electroluminescent display device is a low temperature, a capacitive charge driving method is performed to supply a constant current to a column electrode after performing capacitance charge and then apply a constant voltage to the column electrode to turn off a pixel; and when the ambient temperature is room temperature or a high temperature, an electric charge control driving method is performed to supply a constant current to the data electrode and then place the column electrode in a high impedance state. In the electric charge control driving method, a driving section is set in a selection period so as to be shorter than the selection period, and the amount of electric charges supplied to the pixel in the driving section is controlled depending on a required luminance.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic EL display element is presented to improve the emission luminance lifetime and to stabilize emission characteristics.

Abstract: There are provided at least two liquid crystal panels 10, 20 including the liquid crystals developing a memory effect, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on a no-viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 615 nm to 665 nm, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on a viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 490 nm to 540 nm, and a color filter 40 having a certain transmission property is provided between the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the viewer side and the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the no-viewer side.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer, a light-emitting layer present between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and a hole transporting thin film layer present between the light-emitting layer and the anode layer, wherein the hole transporting thin film layer in contact with the anode layer, contains at least 5 mass % of a polymer compound, and the value of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the thin film layer is at least 2.1 eV.

Abstract: In a selection period for applying a selection voltage to a scanning strip, a high impedance section for placing a data strip in a high impedance state is s provided after a constant current section for supplying a constant current to a data strip from a constant current circuit. An organic electroluminescent element to be used has a small voltage-dependency in luminous efficiencies. When performing grayshade display by PWM, a data strip is supplied with an amount of electric charges from the constant current circuit in the constant current section, the amount of electric charges being calculated by adding an amount of residual electric charges in pixels to an amount of electric charges corresponding to luminance required for respective gray scale levels, the amount of residual electric charges being found based on an estimated potential at the data strip at end of the high impedance section.

Abstract: A composite display device comprising a first display member 1 and a second display member disposed between the first display member 1 and an observer 14 wherein the second display member is an electro-optical element 2 which transmits light under application of no voltage and scatters light under application of a voltage, and the composite display device is clear and provides a feeling of open air in an unused state: allows an observer to see simultaneously a background scenery and a display effected by the electro-optical element in a used state, and provides to an observer an impression that a picture image is suspended in space.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display element has a pair of supporting substrates 10, 20 each having a transparent electrode patterned in a predetermined shape and an insulation film 12 formed on at least one transparent electrode 11 at a side of liquid crystal wherein the insulation film is a film which provides a refractive index difference of not more than 0.15 with respect to the refractive index of the transparent electrode and has a film thickness distribution of at least ±500 Å in the area of a radius of 500 &mgr;m, whereby a phenomenon of ITO bone appearance can be avoided without causing an increase of manufacturing cost and a reduction of productivity, and both requirements of the improvement of non-coloration characteristics of white and black and avoidance of a phenomenon of ITO bone appearance are satisfied.

Abstract: In order to fabricate a light reflective structure for a liquid crystal display, a photosensitive resin layer is formed with use of a thermosetting photosensitive resin, the photosensitive resin layer is exposed through a photomask having a particular pattern by a proximity method, the exposed photosensitive resin layer is developed to form an insolubilized resin layer, and the insolubilized resin layer is subjected to a heat treatment to have surface smoothness improved and to accelerate setting of the resin layer.

Abstract: A liquid display device of D-STN mode capable of suppressing a line-shaped ununiformity of brightness in displaying a dark appearance is presented.

Abstract: On substrates 2a, 2b of a chiral nematic liquid crystal optical element 1, transparent electrodes 3a, 3b and electrical insulation layers 4a, 4b are formed, and further, resin layers 5a, 5b having a pencil hardness of “B” or less are formed on the electrical insulation layers by a spin coating method so as to be in contact with a liquid crystal layer 7. When the surface hardness of the resin layers is to be measured, a glass substrate on which a resin layer is formed by screen-printing is prepared as a test piece, and the test piece is fitted to a pencil-scratching tester. The surface hardness is measured by scratching the test piece with two kinds of testing pencil selected from testing pencils having 17 grades of density.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprising a color filter having a plurality of colored portions each having a different spectral color and a reflector wherein the color filter is so adapted that transmitted light from the standard C light source is substantially achromatic and the transmittance of visible light by the standard C light source is 30-65%.

Abstract: On substrates 2a, 2b of a chiral nematic liquid crystal optical element 1, transparent electrodes 3a, 3b and electrical insulation layers 4a, 4b are formed, and further, resin layers 5a, 5b having a pencil hardness of “B” or less are formed on the electrical insulation layers by a spin coating method so as to be in contact with a liquid crystal layer 7 When the surface hardness of the resin layers is to be measured, a glass substrate on which a resin layer is formed by screen-printing is prepared as a test piece, and the test piece is fitted to a pencil-scratching tester. The surface hardness is measured by scratching the test piece with two kinds of testing pencil selected from testing pencils having 17 grades of density.

Abstract: An information display comprises a planar electrical optical element including a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels having an optical state controlled by an electrical signal; the optical element having at least two optical states of a light scattering state and a light transmissive state, each of the pixels having the optical state reversibly changed between the scattering state and the light transmissive state; information being displayed in a planar fashion by combining the optical states of pixels; and the information being capable to be held with no electrical signal applied, and visible light having a transmittance of 60% or higher when the visible light passes from one of surfaces of the electrical optical element to the other surface through a pixel in the light transmissive state.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display element has a pair of supporting substrates 10, 20 each having a transparent electrode patterned in a predetermined shape and an insulation film 12 formed on at least one transparent electrode 11 at a side of liquid crystal wherein the insulation film is a film which provides a refractive index difference of not more than 0.15 with respect to the refractive index of the transparent electrode and has a film thickness distribution of at least ±500 Å in the area of a radius of 500 &mgr;m, whereby a phenomenon of ITO bone appearance can be avoided without causing an increase of manufacturing cost and a reduction of productivity, and both requirements of the improvement of non-coloration characteristics of white and black and avoidance of a phenomenon of ITO bone appearance are satisfied.