Abstract: A wearable or portable intermittently operable hydration system includes a purification module that contains one or more solid state light emitting devices that are positioned in the path of hydrating fluid, or water, flow through the hydration system to a mouthpiece. The light emitting devices illuminate a photocatalytic material disposed within the flow path in order to react and create fluid-purifying hydroxyls. The lights are instant on devices with essentially no ramp-up required, and a sensor or the opening of a push-pull valve controls the turning on of the lights. The fluid flow path may run from a bladder in a backpack worn by the user, a sports bottle worn by or carried by the user or may be through a water filtration system that a user operates via a pump. The power for the purification module may come from batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, or power converted from pumping, winding, etc.

Abstract: Novel structures of photovoltaic cells (also treated as solar cells) are provided. The cells are based on nanometer-scaled wires, tubes, and/or rods, which are made of electronic materials covering semiconductors, insulators or metallic in structure. These photovoltaic cells have large power generation capability per unit physical area over the conventional cells. These cells will have enormous applications in space, commercial, residential, and industrial applications.

Abstract: A light emitting diode including a first doped layer, a light emitting layer, a second doped layer and a substrate is provided. A plurality of first grooves penetrate through the second doped layer and the light emitting layer. Thus, a partial surface of the first doped layer is exposed. At least one of the plurality of first grooves extends to edges of the second dope layer and the light emitting layer. An insulating layer is disposed over a part of second doped layer and extends to sidewalls of the first grooves. A first contact is set in the first grooves and electrically connected to the first doped layer. A second contact is set on the second doped layer and electrically connected to the second doped layer. By the first grooves, the first contact can be electrically connected to the first doped layer for improving current spreading.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device including a first type doped semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, a second type doped semiconductor layer, and a reflection layer is provided. The first type doped semiconductor layer has a mesa portion and a depression portion. The light emitting layer is disposed on the mesa portion and has a first surface, a second surface and a first side surface connecting the first surface with the second surface. The second type doped semiconductor layer is disposed on the light emitting layer and has a third surface, a fourth surface and a second side surface connecting the third surface with the fourth surface. Observing from a viewing direction parallel to the light emitting layer, the reflection layer covers at least part of the first side surface and at least part of the second side surface. A flip chip package device is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for perpetually harvesting ambient near ultraviolet to far infrared radiation to provide continual power regardless of the environment, incorporating a system for the harvesting electronics governing power management, storage control, and output regulation. The harvesting electronics address issues of efficiently matching the voltage and current characteristics of the different harvested energy levels, low power consumption, and matching the power output demand. The device seeks to harvest the largely overlooked blackbody radiation through use of a thermal harvester, providing a continuous source of power, coupled with a solar harvester to provide increased power output.

Abstract: An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.

Abstract: Novel structures of photovoltaic cells (also treated as solar cells) are provided. The cells are based on nanometer or micrometer-scaled wires, tubes, and/or rods, which are made of electronic materials covering semiconductors, insulators, and may be metallic in structure. These photovoltaic cells have large power generation capability per unit physical area over the conventional cells. These cells will have enormous applications such as in space, commercial, residential and industrial applications.

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, a de-speckling device configured to distort a wavefront of the coherent light beam to produce a distorted coherent light beam, and a two-dimensional array of light modulators that can selectively modulate the distorted coherent light beam to select a plurality of pixels for display.

Abstract: A tellurium oxide glass that is stable, strong and chemically durable exhibits low optical loss from the UV band well into the MIR band. Unwanted absorption mechanisms in the MIR band are removed or reduced so that the glass formulation exhibits optical performance as close as possible to the theoretical limit of a tellurium oxide glass. The glass formulation only includes glass constituents that provide the intermediate, modifiers and any halides (for OH— reduction) whose inherent absorption wavelength is longer than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation is substantially free of Sodium Oxide and any other passive glass constituent including hydroxyl whose inherent absorption wavelength is shorter than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation preferably includes only a small residual amount of halide.

Abstract: Methods, algorithms, architectures, circuits, and/or systems for dynamically allocating memory for storing parametric data in optical transceivers are disclosed. The optical transceiver can include an optical receiver configured to receive optical data; an optical transmitter configured to transmit optical data; a microprocessor configured to access data for each of a plurality of parameters that are related to operation of at least one of the optical receiver and the optical transmitter; one or more memories configured to store the data at a plurality of locations that are dynamically allocated by the microprocessor; and an interface configured to receive a request for data for one or more of the parameters from a host and provide the data in response to the request. In the present disclosure, the host is unaware of the locations at which the parametric data are stored.

Abstract: A circuit for monitoring an optical receiver or transceiver, architectures, circuits, and systems including the same, and a method for monitoring received optical power are disclosed. The receiver monitoring circuit comprises an avalanche photodiode (APD), a microprocessor, and first and second transresistance amplifiers. The microprocessor is configured to supply bias voltage to the APD. Photocurrent produced by the APD is supplied to the first and second transresistance amplifiers, and then the microprocessor captures optical power from the voltage signal of the first and second transresistance amplifiers.

Abstract: This invention is related to energy scavenging device and in particular, to energy harvesting or scavenging from the environmental radiation covering from solar spectrum and thermal radiation. Energy harvesting device is an integrated device comprising the devices that capture the radiation and converted into electrons, and also energy management devices to manage the converted energy either to store, to operate the electronic devices, and/or recharge the batteries. The energy scavenging devices integrates several device capabilities such as energy conversion, management, and storing the energy, on a common platform. Herein a design of a device capable to scavenge or harvest the energy from environment radiation is disclosed. A primary objective of this invention is to provide a design of a scavenging device that harvests the energy from environment radiation, operates 24/7, thereby generate and store, manage the energy as required.

Abstract: Novel structures of photovoltaic cells (also called as solar cells) are provided. The cells are based on nanoparticles or nanometer-scaled wires, tubes, and/or rods, which are made of electronic materials covering semiconductors, insulators, and may be metallic in structure. These photovoltaic cells have large power generation capability per unit physical area over the conventional cells. These cells will have enormous applications such as in space, commercial, residential and industrial applications.

Abstract: A system includes a light source and a grating cube. The grating cube includes a transmission volume holographic grating positioned between two prisms. The transmission volume holographic grating diffracts part of a light source emission toward a reflective surface, producing diffracted light. At least some of the diffracted light is reflected off of the reflective surface, producing feedback light. The feedback light is fed back to the light source, thereby causing the light source emission to have the same wavelength as the feedback light.

Abstract: Novel structures of photonics devices (e.g. photovoltaic cells also called as solar cells) are provided. The Cells are based on the micro (or nano) structures which could not only increase the surface area but also have the capability of self-concentrating the light incident onto the photonics devices. Using of such structures, it is possible to achieve significant performance improvement. For example, if such structures are used in the photovoltaic cells, large power generation capability per unit physical area is possible over the conventional cells, and have enormous applications such as in space, in commercial, residential and industrial applications. Such structures are also beneficial to other photonics devices such as photodetector to enhance the performance.

Abstract: An optical module includes a substrate including an optical device chip disposed on a top surface thereof, a spacer having at least one through hole and combined with the substrate on the substrate to insert the optical device chip into the through hole, a cover combined with the spacer on the spacer to stop the through hole, and an optical fiber combined with the cover on the cover in a position corresponding to a position of the optical device chip. The optical module is configured such that light transmitted through the optical fiber is incident to the optical device chip or light emitted from the optical device chip is incident to the optical fiber. The optical module may be downscaled and produced in large quantities at low cost.

Abstract: A light emitting diode device includes an epitaxial substrate, at least one passivation structure, at least one void, a semiconductor layer, a first type doping semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer and a second type doping semiconductor layer. The passivation structure is disposed on the epitaxial substrate and has an outer surface. The void is located at the passivation structure and at least covering 50% of the outer surface of the passivation structure. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the epitaxial substrate and encapsulating the passivation structure and the void. The first type doping semiconductor layer is disposed on the semiconductor layer. The light-emitting layer is disposed on the first type doping semiconductor layer. The second type doping semiconductor layer is disposed on the light emitting layer.

Abstract: A detection apparatus comprising a chuck, a probe device, a light-sensing device and a light-concentrating unit is disclosed. The chuck bears light-emitting diode chips. The probe device includes two probes and a power supply. The end point of the probes respectively electrically connects with one of the light-emitting diode chips and the power supply to make the light-emitting diode chip emits a plurality of light beams. The light-sensing device is disposed on one side of a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting diode chip so as to receive the light beams emitted by the light-emitting diode chip. The light-concentrating unit is disposed between the light-emitting diode chip and the light-sensing device to concentrate the light beams emitted by the light-emitting diode chip.

Abstract: The optoelectronics chip-to-chip interconnect system includes at least one packaged chip connected on the printed-circuit-hoard (PCB) with at least one other packaged chip, opticalelectrical (O-E) conversion means, and waveguide-board. Single to multiple chips can be interconnected using this technique. Packaged chip includes semiconductor die and package based on ball-grid array or chipscale-package. O-E board includes optoelectronics and multiple electrical contacts on both board sides. Waveguide board includes electrodes transferring signals from O-E board to PCB, and the flex optical waveguide, stackable onto the PCB, to guide optical signals chip-to-chip. Electrodes can be connected to the PCB instead of on waveguide hoard. The chip-to-chip interconnection system is pin-free, compatible with the PCB.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a first cladding layer, a light-emitting layer, a second cladding layer, an epitaxial structure including an indium-containing oxide, and an electrode unit for supplying external electricity, The electrode unit includes a first electrode disposed to be electrically connected to the first cladding layer, and a second electrode disposed above the epitaxial structure to be electrically connected to the second cladding layer through the epitaxial structure such that the external electricity is permitted to be transmitted to the light-emitting layer through the first and second electrodes. A method for manufacturing the light-emitting device is also disclosed.