Abstract: A wireless single-frequency-channel, full-duplex, full-time transmit and receive communication node includes an antenna that transmits a transmit signal over a wireless transmit channel and that receives a receive signal over a wireless receive channel. A communications processor includes a first port electrically coupled to the antenna and a second port electrically coupled to a transmit path where the transmit path connects the second port to the first port. A third port of communications processor is electrically coupled to a receive path that connects the first port to the third port. The communications processor is configured to pass the transmit signal in the transmit path to the first port and configured to pass the receive signal in the receive path from the first port to the third port such that the transmit signal and the receive signal occupy a same frequency channel and operate simultaneously in a same time slot.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) signal separation and suppression system includes an input that couples in a radio frequency signal comprising desired and undesired radio frequency signals. The RF signal separation and suppression system also includes a reproduction generator connected to the input. The reproduction generator produces a reproduction from the radio frequency signal of the undesired signal at an output. The RF signal separation and suppression system also includes an electrical subtractor having a first input that is electrically connected to the output of the reproduction generator and a second input that is electrically connected to the input of the radio frequency signal separation system. An output of the subtractor generates an output radio frequency signal comprising the desired radio frequency signal and a suppressed undesired radio frequency signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field optimization apparatus providing a means of more independently modifying the field in either the reactive near-field region or the far-field region while having significantly less modification to the other field. This means that a design to affect the real component of the impedance that affects the radiation in the far-field region does not affect, or minimally affects, the reactive component of the impedance that affects the field in the reactive near-field region.

Abstract: A power transfer electrical system includes an electrical signal source that generates a current at an output. An electrical load is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source. An output of a controllable voltage source is also electrically connected to the electrical load. The controllable voltage source generates a voltage that is proportional to the current generated by the electrical signal source. An input of a controller is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source and an output of the controller is electrically connected to a control input of the controllable voltage source. The controller generates a signal that controls the voltage generated by the controllable voltage source so that a desirable amount of power is transferred from the electrical signal source to the controllable voltage source.

Abstract: A same-aperture any-frequency simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) system includes a signal connector having a first port electrically coupled to an antenna, a second port electrically coupled to a transmit signal path, and a third port electrically coupled to receive signal path. The signal connector passes a transmit signal in the transmit signal path to the antenna and a receive signal in the receive signal path. A signal isolator is positioned in the transmit signal path to remove a residual portion of the receive signal from transmit signal path. An output of the signal isolator provides a portion of the transmit signal with the residual portion of the receive signal removed. A signal differencing device having a first input electrically coupled to the output of the signal isolator and a second input electrically coupled to the third port of the signal connector subtracts a portion of the transmit signal in the receive signal path thereby providing a more accurate receive signal.

Abstract: A power transfer electrical system includes an electrical signal source that generates a current at an output. An electrical load is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source. An output of a controllable voltage source is also electrically connected to the electrical load. The controllable voltage source generates a voltage that is proportional to the current generated by the electrical signal source. An input of a controller is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source and an output of the controller is electrically connected to a control input of the controllable voltage source. The controller generates a signal that controls the voltage generated by the controllable voltage source so that a desirable amount of power is transferred from the electrical signal source to the controllable voltage source.

Abstract: A same-aperture any-frequency simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) system includes a signal connector having a first port electrically coupled to an antenna, a second port electrically coupled to a transmit signal path, and a third port electrically coupled to receive signal path. The signal connector passes a transmit signal in the transmit signal path to the antenna and a receive signal in the receive signal path. A signal isolator is positioned in the transmit signal path to remove a residual portion of the receive signal from transmit signal path. An output of the signal isolator provides a portion of the transmit signal with the residual portion of the receive signal removed. A signal differencing device having a first input electrically coupled to the output of the signal isolator and a second input electrically coupled to the third port of the signal connector subtracts a portion of the transmit signal in the receive signal path thereby providing a more accurate receive signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an electrically conductive structure formed upon an uppermost organic layer of a semiconductor substrate. A capping layer is formed upon the uppermost organic layer covering the electrically conductive structure. A maskless selective removal lasering technique ejects portions of the capping layer while retaining the portion of the capping layer covering the electrically conductive structure. Portions of the capping layer are ejected from the uppermost organic layer by a shockwave as a result of the laser beam vaporizing the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate. Portions of the capping layer contacting the electrically conductive structure are retained by the conductive structure dissipating heat from the laser that would otherwise vaporize the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an electrically conductive structure formed upon an uppermost organic layer of a semiconductor substrate. A capping layer is formed upon the uppermost organic layer covering the electrically conductive structure. A maskless selective removal lasering technique ejects portions of the capping layer while retaining the portion of the capping layer covering the electrically conductive structure. Portions of the capping layer are ejected from the uppermost organic layer by a shockwave as a result of the laser beam vaporizing the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate. Portions of the capping layer contacting the electrically conductive structure are retained by the conductive structure dissipating heat from the laser that would otherwise vaporize the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A linearized electro-optic modulator includes a substrate comprising a first Mach Zehnder interferometer comprising a first and second optical waveguide and a second Mach Zehnder interferometer comprising a first and a second optical waveguide. A signal electrode is positioned on the substrate to receive a modulation signal. First and second ground electrodes are positioned on the substrate and are electrically connected to ground potential. The signal electrode and the first and second ground electrodes are positioned so that an electric field generated by the signal electrode modulates both the first and second Mach Zehnder interferometers to generate a first and a second linearized modulated optical signal.

Abstract: A method of removing post-laser debris from a wafer includes, for an embodiment, forming a sacrificial layer over a layer to be patterned, patterning the sacrificial layer and the layer to be patterned using laser ablation, and removing the sacrificial layer and debris deposited on the sacrificial layer with water. The sacrificial layer includes a water soluble binder and a water soluble ultraviolet (UV) absorbent. Systems for removing the post-laser debris are also described.

Abstract: A method of selectively locating a barrier layer on a substrate includes forming a barrier layer on a surface of the substrate. The barrier layer comprises of a metal element and a non-metal element. The barrier layer may also be formed from a metal element and non-metal element. The method further includes forming an electrically conductive film layer on the barrier layer, and forming a metallic portion in the electrically conductive film layer. The method further includes selectively ablating portions of the barrier layer from the dielectric layer to selectively locate place the barrier layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a bias input, an optical input, and an optical output. A first arm comprises an optical waveguide. A second arm comprises an optical waveguide. A plurality of electrode segments is distributed along or proximate to a length of the optical waveguides of the first and second arms. A plurality of amplifiers, where at least one of the plurality of amplifiers has an RF input that receives an electrical modulation signal, and where each of the plurality of amplifiers are electrically connected to one of the plurality of electrode segments so as to provide distributed gain. A number of the plurality of amplifiers is chosen to achieve a desired combination of noise figure and spur-free dynamic range.

Abstract: A method of selectively locating a barrier layer on a substrate includes forming a barrier layer on a surface of the substrate. The barrier layer comprises of a metal element and a non-metal element. The barrier layer may also be formed from a metal element and non-metal element. The method further includes forming an electrically conductive film layer on the barrier layer, and forming a metallic portion in the electrically conductive film layer. The method further includes selectively ablating portions of the barrier layer from the dielectric layer to selectively locate place the barrier layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of separating a desired signal from an undesired signal includes obtaining a total input signal comprising the desired signal and the undesired signal in a time domain occupying a time duration from time t1 to time t2 of a single symbol in the desired signal. A transform is performed of the total input signal wherein an output of the transform is a time domain signal representing the desired signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an electrically conductive structure formed upon an uppermost organic layer of a semiconductor substrate. A capping layer is formed upon the uppermost organic layer covering the electrically conductive structure. A maskless selective removal lasering technique ejects portions of the capping layer while retaining the portion of the capping layer covering the electrically conductive structure. Portions of the capping layer are ejected from the uppermost organic layer by a shockwave as a result of the laser beam vaporizing the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate. Portions of the capping layer contacting the electrically conductive structure are retained by the conductive structure dissipating heat from the laser that would otherwise vaporize the uppermost organic layer of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) signal separation and suppression system includes an input that couples in a radio frequency signal comprising desired and undesired radio frequency signals. The RF signal separation and suppression system also includes a reproduction generator connected to the input. The reproduction generator produces a reproduction from the radio frequency signal of the undesired signal at an output. The RF signal separation and suppression system also includes an electrical subtractor having a first input that is electrically connected to the output of the reproduction generator and a second input that is electrically connected to the input of the radio frequency signal separation system. An output of the subtractor generates an output radio frequency signal comprising the desired radio frequency signal and a suppressed undesired radio frequency signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field optimization apparatus providing a means of more independently modifying the field in either the reactive near-field region or the far-field region while having significantly less modification to the other field. This means that a design to affect the real component of the impedance that affects the radiation in the far-field region does not affect, or minimally affects, the reactive component of the impedance that affects the field in the reactive near-field region.

Abstract: A power transfer electrical system includes an electrical signal source that generates a current at an output. An electrical load is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source. An output of a controllable voltage source is also electrically connected to the electrical load. The controllable voltage source generates a voltage that is proportional to the current generated by the electrical signal source. An input of a controller is electrically connected to the output of the electrical signal source and an output of the controller is electrically connected to a control input of the controllable voltage source. The controller generates a signal that controls the voltage generated by the controllable voltage source so that a desirable amount of power is transferred from the electrical signal source to the controllable voltage source.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a bias input, an optical input, and an optical output. A first arm comprises an optical waveguide. A second arm comprises an optical waveguide. A plurality of electrode segments is distributed along or proximate to a length of the optical waveguides of the first and second arms. A plurality of amplifiers, where at least one of the plurality of amplifiers has an RF input that receives an electrical modulation signal, and where each of the plurality of amplifiers are electrically connected to one of the plurality of electrode segments so as to provide distributed gain. A number of the plurality of amplifiers is chosen to achieve a desired combination of noise figure and spur-free dynamic range.