Abstract: The rate of flow of fluid in a flare stack is measured by injecting into the fluid an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt and calculating the rate of flow from the volume of the flare stack and the elapsed time from the injection of the aqueous solution to the appearance in the flame of the color characteristic of the inorganic salt.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymeric laminates are prepared which have one layer of filled styrene polymer composition, and at least one layer of a dissimilar polymer selected from polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, and nitrile group containing barrier polymers. The filled styrene polymer composition contains from 5 to 50 parts by weight filler, and is the product of mixing a styrene polymer masterbatch of impact polystyrene, filler, rubber and oil with polystyrene. The laminates can be used for thermoforming thin walled articles such as cups, plates, trays and containers.

Abstract: Synthetic filament is produced by spinning from the melt of an acrylonitrile-containing polymer, such filaments having high tenacity without the need for after-stretching.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing and a polymerization column for a monomeric vinylidene compound in which heat exchange tubes are spaced relatively along a polymerization chamber, each tube lying in a radial plane of the chamber and having an ingoing length and an outgoing length, the two lengths being in the form of windings with the windings of each length lying between windings of the other.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polystyrene laminates are disclosed, one of the layers of which comprises a filled polystyrene composition containing from about 5 to about 50 of filler, such as calcium carbonate, clay, asbestos, etc. The filled polystyrene composition is prepared from a filled polystyrene masterbatch of impact polystyrene, filler, rubber and mineral oil, cut back by mixing with other polystyrene, either crystal or impact polystyrene. Laminates may be prepared by coextrusion. The filled polystyrene layer may be foamed. The laminates may be used for making formed articles such as cups, containers, trays, plates, sheets, etc.

Abstract: Mineral oil compositions of improved characteristics comprise a major proportion of a mineral oil and a minor proportion of an isobutylene polymer containing bound 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol groups.

Abstract: A process, and the composition therefrom, is provided for crosslinking of polymers containing hydroxy or mercaptan groups by reaction with polyaldehyde compounds, the crosslinks being thermally labile.

Abstract: Trans-polyisoprene composition of improved dimensional stability and stiffness are prepared by blending trans-polyisoprene with glass fibres and reinforcing silica. A crystalline wax may also be added to the compositions, to provide easier moldability.

Abstract: A plastic food package of base and lid components which have a locking means comprising a locking projection which is stiffened and a locking flap lockingly engagable with the projection. The locking projection in practical constructions is formed by projecting walls which meet to form a peak whereby the projection is stiff. The projection is rigidly held to its component by a stiffening shoulder which supports the projection and itself merges with a sidewall of the component along a junction region which is orientated to prevent movement of projection relative to component. The flap has an aperture and the peak of the projection has to pass through the aperture to lock the flap in a locking position. To effect passage of the peak through the aperture, one of the components needs to be flexed to move the peak into alignment with the aperture.

Abstract: A container and closure in which the closure has an inverted U-shaped rim and a cover portion lying within the rim and joined to the inner wall of the closure rim at a position downwards from the base of the `U`. The shape and size of the container rim is such that when the closure is assembled to it, the inner wall of the closure rim is resiliently flexed inwardly about its junction with the cover portion which is thereby resiliently flexed downwards. The inner wall thus is flexed and twisted to seal against the inner surface of the container rim and applies a positive pressure to assist in sealing. In preferred constructions, the inner wall has an extension below the cover portion. The extension flexes outwards during flexing of the cover portion so as to increase the seal.

Abstract: A closure and container in which the closure has an axial flange which cooperates with the container to lock the closure in closed position, the closure also having an annular recess accommodating a resilient seal for sealing against the container rim. The seal projects from the recess before assembly of closure to container. During assembly, the container compresses the seal into the recess until in the fully closed position, the container engages a seating surface upon the closure, at which point the seal is only partially compressed.

Abstract: Synthetic rubber compositions of improved green strength are prepared by incorporating in a synthetic rubber polymer, such as NBR or SBR, a small number of tertiary amine groups, and reacting this polymer with a halogen compound of general formula X--CH.sub.2 --R--CH.sub.2 --Y where X and Y represent chlorine, bromine or iodine, and R represents an aromatic group, and where X and Y are capable of forming quaternary ammonium salts with the tertiary amine groups on the polymer.

Abstract: Polyacrylate elastomers are prepared by polymerizing a mixture of an acrylate monomer and a diolefin such as isoprene to yield a polymer containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturation and this polymer is then treated with bromine to yield a bromine containing acrylate polymer which is curable with zinc oxide, zinc oxide and sulphur or sulphur and alkali metal salts of fatty acids.

Abstract: Synthetic rubber compositions of improved green strength are prepared by reacting a rubbery polymer containing small amounts of tertiary amine groups bound in the polymer chain with a dihalogen compound having halogen groups located in the molecule of the compound in conjugated relationship to a carbonyl group. An example of a suitable rubbery polymer is a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and dimethylanunoethyl methacrylate. An example of a suitable dihalogen compound is 4,4'-bis (bromoacetyl) diphenyl.

Abstract: Synthetic rubber-black-plasticizer masterbatches are prepared in a particulate form, in contrast with their normal massed form, by a process which involves halogenating the rubber-black masterbatch after coagulation, but before addition of the plasticizer.

Abstract: Synthetic styrene-conjugated diolefin polymers, e.g. SBR rubbers, are recovered from their aqueous polymerization emulsion by coagulation with acid and a lignin compound. The conventional use of sodium chloride as a coagulant is avoided so as to overcome the problem of sodium chloride in the effluent. By this process of the invention, a rubber crumb of increased porosity is obtained, which is easier to dry.

Abstract: Improved vulcanizable elastomeric compositions are provided which contain a vulcanization co-agent, the improvements being found in, separately or in combination, the scorch time and compression set and in the stress-strain and aging properties of the vulcanizates thereof.

Abstract: High solids latex suitable for no-gel foam applications is prepared by polymerizing an aliphatic conjugated diolefin, optionally with at least one copolymerizable monomer e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride, in an aqueous emulsion containing less than 6 parts by weight per 100 parts monomers of a polymerization promoting synthetic emulsifier system e.g. sodium alkyl sulfate or ether sulfate and/or sodium sulfosuccinate and from about 0.001 to less than 0.2 parts by weight of a water dispersible agglomerating agent comprising the reaction product of a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 5,000 with the polyepoxide obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with a polyhydric phenol.The latex is stable and can be compound with fillers and then frothed in the absence of gelling agents to produce a uniform foam.

Abstract: An improved masterbatch of polymer, oil and carbon black is provided, and a process for the manufacture thereof, in which the polymer contains reactive groups and the masterbatch contains a crosslinking agent reactive with the reactive groups of the polymer in sufficient amount to form a low concentration of crosslinks in order to increase the strength of the polymer, the crosslinks being easily broken by the action of shear and/or heat and reformable thereafter, so that high levels of oil and carbon black can be incorporated into the masterbatch.