Abstract: A pressurized cavity is provided around at least a portion or all of a regenerator, within which gas such as flue gas is maintained at a pressure in excess of the pressure within the regenerator, to protect against leakage of gas through the walls of the regenerator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adsorption process for xenon recovery from a cryogenic liquid or gas stream wherein a bed of adsorbent is contacted with a xenon-containing liquid or gas stream selectively adsorbing the xenon from said stream. The adsorption bed is operated to at least near full breakthrough with xenon to enable a deep rejection of other stream components, prior to regeneration using the temperature swing method. After the stripping step, the xenon adsorbent bed is drained to clear out the liquid residue left in the nonselective void space and the xenon molecules in those void spaces is recycled upstream to the ASU distillation column for increasing xenon recovery. The xenon adsorbent bed is optionally purged with oxygen, followed by purging with gaseous argon at cryogenic temperature (?160 K) to displace the oxygen co-adsorbed on the AgX adsorbent due to higher selectivity of argon over oxygen on the AgX adsorbent.

Abstract: A nitrogen liquefier configured to be integrated with an argon and nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit and method of nitrogen liquefaction are provided. The integrated nitrogen liquefier and associated methods may be operated in at least three distinct modes including: (i) a nil liquid nitrogen mode; (ii) a low liquid nitrogen mode; and (iii) a high liquid nitrogen mode. The present systems and methods are further characterized in an oxygen enriched stream from the lower pressure column of the air separation unit is an oxygen enriched condensing medium used in the argon condenser.

Abstract: A gas dosing apparatus is provided that includes an inlet configured to receive gas, and a directional control valve connected to the inlet and having a first position and a second position. The gas dosing apparatus also includes a fixed volume reservoir connected to the directional control valve and receiving gas from the inlet, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the first position. The gas dosing apparatus further includes an outlet connected to the directional control valve and outputting a gas dose received from the fixed volume reservoir, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the second position.

Abstract: A system and method of regenerating a pre-purification vessel is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit that uses an oxygen-enriched purge gas stream for regeneration of the pre-purification unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the water, carbon dioxide and other impurities from a feed air stream, optionally including hydrogen and carbon monoxide impurities. The method of regenerating a pre-purification vessel preferably involves regenerating the pre-purification vessel with an oxygen-enriched purge gas after depressurization of the vessel and thereafter partially repressurizing the pre-purification vessel with an auxiliary purge gas thereby diluting the oxygen concentration of the gases contained in the pre-purification vessel and optionally depressurizing the partially repressurized vessel.

Abstract: Novel methods for pretreating a rare-gas-containing stream exiting an etch chamber followed by recovering the rare gas from the pre-treated, rare-gas containing stream are disclosed. More particularly, the invention relates to the pretreatment and recovery of a rare gas, such as xenon or krypton, from a nitrogen-based exhaust stream with specific gaseous impurities generated during an etch process that is performed as part of a semiconductor fabrication process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intensified 5-bed and 6-bed PSA process cycles features, as well as fast rate adsorbents that enable the intensified PSA system to meet cost and performance target are identified. The proposed capital efficient H2PSA system offers opportunity to reduce PSA capital expenditure by ten percent (10%).

Abstract: A carbon adsorbent storage and dispensing system is provided with a structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent designed with optimal volumetric surface area for a certain range of particle sizes. Bulk density and specific surface area are carefully balanced to ensure the volumetric surface area remains within an optimal range to create high performance, as measured by dispensing capacity of the dopant fluid that is reversibly adsorbed onto the structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system of purifying hydrogen supplied from a storage cavern, particularly to removing methane and other hydrocarbons from the hydrogen withdrawn from the cavern by using selective adsorption. The adsorbed impurities can be removed from the adsorbent by increasing the temperature, reducing the pressure, or a combination of both.

Abstract: The invention relates to the intensification of hydrogen PSA processes through utilization of specifically engineered core-shell composite adsorbents. Different embodiments of core-shell adsorbents can be used with either high or low heat capacity cores, and different adsorbent shells (e.g. activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina etc.) resulting in higher mass transfer rates and hence sharper mass transfer fronts during the PSA process. The location of the limiting impurity front determines the product purity. Therefore, with sharper impurity fronts, lower height of adsorbent bed is required, and cycle time can be proportionally reduced. Also, thermal swing during the PSA can be reduced by use of such adsorbents. The use of a high heat capacity core to reduce the thermal swing, leads to higher overall working capacity of the adsorbent bed.

Abstract: In a thermochemical regenerator wherein gaseous combustion products that are formed by combustion in a furnace are passed from the furnace into and through a first regenerator, the combustion products are combined with gaseous fuel, and the resulting mixture is passed into and through a second regenerator wherein the mixture undergoes an endothermic reaction to form syngas, the thermochemical regeneration is enhanced by injecting fuel gas into a recycle stream comprising the combustion products from the first regenerator to entrain recycled flue gas that passes out of the first regenerator and to impel the mixture into the other regenerator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for modifying the crystalline inorganic framework of an adsorbent with coatings to provide rate selectivity for one gas over others is described. The method described herein narrows the effective pore size of crystalline porous solids with pores less than about 5 ? for rate selective separations. This method of the invention comprises treating the hydrated or partially hydrated zeolite with a silicone derived binding agent followed by subsequent heat treatment. The additive content and treatment are adjusted to match effective pore size to specific separations. The superior adsorbent has the added convenience of bead forming simultaneously with pore modification as well as having the treatment result in the yielding of high crush strength products.

Abstract: Dry ice shippers with unique structural features designed to deliver optimized performance for preserving one or more perishable items in a presence of dry ice during transport are provided. The improved dry ice shippers exhibit superior properties that overcome the performance limitations of conventional dry ice shippers.

Abstract: A dual-mode LNG liquefier arrangement that is configurable to operate in a first mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier without turbo-expansion or a second mode broadly characterized as a low pressure, liquid nitrogen add LNG liquefier with turbo-expansion.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for the substantial removal of H2O and CO2 from a synthesis gas to obtain a multicomponent product gas substantially free of H2O and CO2 with high recovery of the product gas. Further, the present invention provides an integrated process that achieves sufficiently high H2 and CO recoveries such that compression and recycling of the syngas purification PSA tailgas is not necessary to be economically advantageous compared to the conventional processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a concentration of dissolved oxygen in a volume (V) of water (W), wherein a device (1) for dissolving oxygen in water (W) is submerged in said volume (V) of water, wherein oxygen is injected by the device (1) with an adjustable flow rate into a main water stream (W?) sucked into a housing (100) of the device (1), and wherein the oxygen enriched main water stream (W?) is discharged by the device (1) out of the housing (100) of the device (1) into said volume (V) of water (W), and wherein a current concentration of oxygen dissolved in the sucked main water stream (W?) is measured with an oxygen probe (6) that is integrated into the housing (100) of the device (1), wherein said current concentration of dissolved oxygen is transmitted in a wireless fashion to a hand-held device (9) of an operator, and wherein the flow rate of the injected oxygen is controlled such that the measured current concentration of dissolved oxygen approaches a pre-defined reference value.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a pressure swing adsorption process for separating an adsorbate impurity from a feed stream comprising product gas, said process comprising feeding the feed stream to an adsorbent bed at a pressure of from about 60 psig to 2000 psig, wherein said adsorbent bed comprises adsorbent having: An isosteric heat of adsorption of from about 5 kJ/mol to about 30 kJ/mol, as determined by the LRC method, for the adsorbate, and an equivalent 65 kJ/mol or less isosteric heat of adsorption for the product, wherein the adsorbent has a rate of adsorption for the adsorbate impurity that is at least 10 times greater than the rate of adsorption for the product gas as determined by the TGA method and recovering said product gas with a reduced a level of said adsorbate impurity. The invention also related to an adsorbent useful in PSA separations, particularly separating N2 from methane, CO2 from methane O2 from N2 and the like.

Abstract: Employing furnace combustion gases for both thermochemical regeneration and heating of regenerators to preheat oxidant for the furnace provides synergistic efficiencies and other advantages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a stream of pressurized natural gas which involves a combination of mechanical refrigeration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to multistage centrifugal high purity hydrogen compressors for compressing low molecular weight fluids. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to the multistage high purity centrifugal hydrogen compressors wherein each stage comprises an vaned diffuser having at least two rows of a plurality of blades.