Abstract: A polymer that has been made of lignen and that contains sulphur, and into which a compound that activates the conductivity, such as iodine or ferric chloride, has been doped. The doped lignin polymer has properties of a semiconductor.

Abstract: A blade ring for a shaver, consisting of blade units disposed in succession in ring configuration, within which a rotor rotates, urging the chips against the cutting blades. The blade units usually constitute a conical envelope, with a similar conical rotor within. The distance between the rotor and the blades is in means of prior art adjusted by shifting the rotor in axial direction, but this is difficult and requires complicated equipment. The blade ring of the invention is characterized in that each blade unit may be turned about an axis close to the cutting blade and parallelling the blade edge, for adjustment of the thickness of the shavings. By the aid of the invention, the thickness of the shavings can be regulated by simple adjustments.

Abstract: A method for limiting the dulling of wood-machining blades wherein the blades are insulated from the frame of a woodworking machine tool and a negative voltage is applied to the blades during operation. The blade ring of the chipper is insulated from the rotating rotor of the chipper so that between the blade ring and the rotor there is generated a differential voltage the rotor carrying a positive voltage and the blade ring a negative voltage. By virtue of the invention, the blades need not be replaced or sharpened as often as those of prior art chippers.

Abstract: Method for closing the gate of a rotary barking drum intended for barking of wood, and the gate of a barking drum. The gate is rotated so that it is shifted so as to close the discharge opening at the end of the barking drum partly or completely. During the closing movement, the center of the movement of rotation of the gate (1) is shifted and approaches the center of the cross-section of the drum. For the control of the closing movement, the gate is provided with two support members (2, 3), which can be displaced in a plane parallel to the gate along one common guide (4, 5) or along two separate guides. At least a part of the guide (4, 5) or guides is curved in the same direction as the mantle of the barking drum is curved.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for pulp bleaching at several bleaching stages by utilizing two or more different bleach chemicals. Bleach chemical (E) is in turn led to the pulp so that it displaces of pulp the chemical used at the preceding stage (C/D, D). Displacing chemical (E) is led to the pulp sheet when on the filtering area of a multi-stage drum washer (1, 2).

Abstract: A marking means for timber packages (1), by which on the side (3) of the timber package are imprinted with a paint spray gun (2) the data relating to the timber package and to the goods contained therein. The paint gun (2) is movable under remote control in a coordinate-controlled plane beside the timber package (1), spraying the prescribed markings on the side of the timber package.

Abstract: A wood chip shaver, consisting of cutting blades disposed on a circle and of a rotor rotating therewithin and carrying on its circumference vane-shaped chip guide members immediately adjacent to the blades, the members guide and press the chips against the blades. In front of the vane of the chip guide member is provided a guide surface approaching the blades in wedge-shape fashion in the travelling direction of the chips, the chips being carried in between the surface and the blades. With the aid the invention the chips are guided to enter between the chip guide members and the blades, whereby leaf-like chips such as are desired are obtained.

Abstract: A wood chip shaver, consisting of cutting blades disposed on a circle and of a rotor rotating about its drive shaft therewithin and carrying a chip guide means. The drive shaft is vertical and the rotor carries a plurality of chip guide plates on top of each other. By the aid of the invention, each blade will be evenly loaded and do shaving over its whole length.

Abstract: A shaver for wood chips, consisting of a rotor provided with a chip guide plate and circumferential blades placed on its outside, in connection of which there is an annular interspace for the shavings cut from the chips, wherefrom the shavings further depart through a discharge aperture communicating with the interspace. At least one air passage is provided on the margin of the interspace and in the chip guide plate, through which the air flow created by the rotor can rejoin the circulation in the shaver. With the aid of the invention the air flow created by the rotor can be included in the internal circulation in the shaver and no large objectionable quantities of air depart from the shaver.

Abstract: A screen intended for screening pulp chips or equivalent, wherein two or more screen baskets are fitted one above the other. At least one of these baskets consists of two or more screw spirals journalled to the screen basket, the spiral wings of said spirals being fitted as interlocking in between each other. The outer circumference of each wing extends to the proximity of the mantle face of the core part of the adjoining spiral. The adjoining spirals are opposite-handed and have opposite directions of rotation, their rotation being synchronized in relation to each other, and the distance of the interlocking parts of the wings from each other corresponds to the maximum acceptable thickness of the chips.Two screen baskets fitted one above the other are supported by the frame, and they are connected to each other by units that permit free movement of vibration of one or both of the screen baskets. The movement of vibration is produced by transferring a cam shaft movement from one basket to the other.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for experimental displacement of liquids in slurries for measuring filtration rate, washing performance and displacement bleaching in pulp. An open top cylinder is movable to a vertical orientation and has a piston slidably positioned therein. The piston includes a porous face with communicating passages to its rear surface. Apparatus are provided for registering pressure in the cylinder as well as for providing regulated motion of the piston. Also, a valve is provided for admitting wash water to the lower part of the cylinder for back washing the filter cake.

Abstract: A method and equipment for thickening various suspensions, such as, e.g., pulp slurry, waste waters, or mineral sediments. The sludge or slurry is passed into a basin in which a filter unit rotates as partly submerged in the sludge or slurry. The thickened sludge or pulp web is gathered onto the surface of the filter unit from the sludge or the slurry in the basin. The sludge or slurry is passed from the basin to above the sludge or slurry level. In order to pre-thicken the sludge or slurry, part of the liquid contained therein is removed through a wall located between the feeding-in point of the sludge or slurry and the surface level of the sludge or slurry.

Abstract: A support element is disclosed which is movable vertically with respect to a frame of a wheeled vehicle as a result of extension of one or more extensible members of the support element. The support element is suspended from the frame by at least one suspension member, which is operatively attached to the frame and to at least one of the extensible members.The at least one suspension member may also be operatively connected to a relatively fixed portion of the support element.

Abstract: A load changing apparatus decreases the load on a supporting trailer and increases the load on the axles of main drive vehicle of a crane when desired. The crane's hydraulic system includes a two position valve which cuts off the flow of hydraulic fluid from a crane position controlling valve and directs fluid from a pump to the crane arm lifting cylinder. Limit switches or pressure sensitive valves can be used to limit the amount of movement which is caused by the fluid from the pump.

Abstract: A lubrication arrangement for the blade chain of a felling saw utilizes the oil in the hydraulic system which operates the blade chain. Some of the oil flowing from a hydraulic motor to a lubricant tank is fed to the chain for lubrication purposes. The feed line includes a flow controller such as a resistance valve and a directional valve for preventing oil from flowing to the tank from the chain when the saw is not operating.

Abstract: A tree harvesting apparatus is provided with at least one movable pocket mounted on a vehicle for collecting cut trees. Each pocket extends parallel to the advancing direction of the apparatus and is movable in a horizontal plane, by means of a lever system, in a lateral direction. The pocket is arranged to move far enough horizontally to a position outside the profile of the apparatus, or, at least, to clear the outer edge of the wheels of the vehicle. In that position the trees can be dropped to the ground at the side of the apparatus.

Abstract: Sodium bisulfite, for use in the acid digestion of wood to produce pulp is obtained for the process by passing calcium bisulfite through a strong cation exchange resin in the sodium form and regenerating the exchanger with sodium chloride. The calcium bisulfite for the process can be obtained in a known manner, for instance, in an acid tower of the sulfite pulp industry or by passing sulfur dioxide through milk of lime. The process avoids environmental pollution caused by the usual discharge into streams of waste calcium salts from the older sulfiting processes and by the release into the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide containing combustion gases.

Abstract: A chipping apparatus for producing chips from entire trees, branches, shrubs, and the like comprises a rotatable cylindrical drum having a plurality of finger-like blades projecting from the surface. An axially parallel cylindrical counter-blade, having recesses on its surface which match the projecting blades on the first drum, coacts with the latter and is arranged to rotate in the same direction. The finger-like blades are adjustable as to how far they project from the surface of the cylinder and can be arranged on the latter in two arrow-shaped staggered rows or in axially disposed parallel rows.

Abstract: This invention relates to a three-dimensional, aromatic, sulfur-containing polymer based on lignin. The polymer is characterized in that it is amorphous, practically insoluble in water and conventional organic solvents; it contains thioether bonds and possibly sulfoxide and/or sulfone groups formed by oxidizing of thioether bonds, and possibly carbon-carbon bonds between aromatic rings and/or side chains and possibly other bonds typical to lignin, depending on reaction conditions. Its thermostability is at least 200.degree. C.; and it has been obtained from lignin which is dissolved or undissolved, chlorinated or unchlorinated, purified or containing other components of spent pulp liquor, by heating at about 160.degree.-350.degree. C.