Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus including a build chamber in which an object is built and a flow device. The flow device comprises a body having a Coand{hacek over (a)} surface and a passageway connectable to a pressurised gas source. The passageway has an opening located adjacent to the Coand{hacek over (a)} surface to, in use, direct a jet of gas over the Coand{hacek over (a)} surface. A space adjacent the Coand{hacek over (a)} surface is in fluid communication with the build chamber such that gas drawn into and/or propelled from the space causes gas flow through the build chamber.

Abstract: A selective laser solidification apparatus including: a powder bed onto which a powder layer can be deposited, a gas flow unit for passing a flow of gas over the powder bed along a gas flow direction, a laser scanning unit for scanning a laser beam over the powder layer to selectively solidify at least part of the powder layer to form at least one object and a processing unit for selecting a scanning sequence of the laser beam based on the gas flow direction.

Abstract: An optical inspection probe for obtaining and providing images of an object to be inspected. The optical inspection probe comprises an imaging assembly for capturing an image of an object and an illumination assembly for producing a light beam directed toward the object. The optical inspection probe is configured such that the light beam converges to a focal point at a first focal plane.

Abstract: A machine tool is provided with a toolsetting probe mounted on a bed or table, and a workpiece-sensing probe which can be mounted in a movable spindle. Both probes are calibrated by using them to make measurements against each other. The arbitrary length of the workpiece-sensing probe is used to calibrate the toolsetting probe, rather than using a pre-calibrated artefact of known length mounted in the spindle. A stylus disc of the toolsetting probe has a pre-calibrated size or dimension, and the workpiece-sensing probe is calibrated with respect to that. This obviates the need for skilful manual calibration procedures using pre-calibrated artefacts and manual measurement tools.

Abstract: This invention concerns a selective solidification apparatus including a build chamber, a build platform lowerable in the build chamber, a wiper for spreading powder material across the build platform to form successive powder layers of a powder bed, an energy beam unit for generating an energy beam for consolidating the powder material, a scanner for directing and focussing the energy beam onto each powder layer and a processor for controlling the scanner. The processor is arranged to control the scanner to scan the energy beam across the powder bed to consolidate powder material either side of the wiper when the wiper is moving across the powder bed and to scan the energy beam across at least one of the powder layers during two or more strokes of the wiper across the powder bed.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder apparatus is presented that includes a plurality of magnetic sensor elements (e.g. Hall sensors) for reading an associated magnetic scale that produces a periodically repeating magnetic pattern. The plurality of magnetic sensor elements produce a plurality of sensor signals and an analyzer is provided for analyzing the plurality of sensor signals to provide a measure of the position of the magnetic sensor elements relative to the associated magnetic scale. The analyzer is arranged to use the plurality of sensor signals to assess the period of the periodically repeating magnetic pattern sensed by the plurality of magnetic sensor elements. In this manner, the requirement to carefully match the period of the sensor elements with the periodically repeating magnetic pattern of the associated magnetic scale is avoided.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus are described for recalibrating coordinate positioning apparatus after a disturbance, such as a stylus replacement. The coordinate positioning apparatus includes a platform, a measurement probe and a probe head for reorienting the measurement probe relative to the platform. A calibration data set is taken for the coordinate positioning apparatus that includes datum data for a plurality of orientations of the measurement probe. The datum data includes at least first datum data for a first nominal orientation of the measurement probe. After a disturbance to the coordinate positioning apparatus, the calibration data set is updated by acquiring one or more position measurements and calculating a first correction from the one or more position measurements. The first correction describes any change in the first datum data following the disturbance and is used to update the datum data for plurality of different orientations of the measurement probe.

Abstract: An error correction method for coordinate positioning apparatus is described. The method comprises (i) taking a first data set comprising one or more first data values, each first data value describing a position on the surface of a first object, (ii) taking a second data set comprising one or more second data values, each second data value describing a position on the surface of the first object, and (iii) calculating an error map comprising one or more error values, each error value describing a positional difference between the surface as described by the first data set and the surface as described by the second data set. The surface normal of the first object is known at each position described by each first data value and step (iii) comprises calculating each error value by determining the positional difference substantially in the direction of the known surface normal.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for generating geometric data for use in an additive manufacturing process. The apparatus includes a processing unit. The processing unit may be arranged for receiving data defining surface geometry of a plurality of objects to be built together in an additive manufacturing process, providing a user interface that allows a user to define a location of each object within a common build volume and carrying out a slicing operation on at least one of the objects located in the common build volume independently from another one of objects located in the common build volume. The slicing operation determines sections of the at least one object to be built in the additive manufacturing process. In one embodiment, the objects are defined in a hierarchical data structure. Supports for supporting the objects during the build may be defined with reference to a 2-dimensional support cross-section.

Abstract: A method of treating a movement disorder using deep brain stimulation, the method comprising the step of inserting a lead having at least one electrode into the brain of a subject, the lead being inserted along a trajectory from the occipito-temporal or occipito-parietal regions, passing laterally to the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle to contact the subthalamic nucleus, the zona incerta or the globus pallidus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing or repairing a part. The method includes building a fixture for retaining the part using an additive manufacturing apparatus, wherein material is consolidated using an energy beam, the fixture built on a build plate retained in a set position within the additive manufacturing apparatus, mounting the part to the fixture and causing the additive manufacturing apparatus to consolidate material onto the part when the build plate, with the fixture and part attached thereto, is retained substantially in the set position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating geometric data are to be used in the building of an object using a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing process. The method includes providing object data defining the object, identifying from the object data one or more regions of a surface of the object to be supported during the additive manufacturing process and, for the or each region, identifying one or more supporting structures that will provide support for the region and generating an arrangement of supports within the region. A support location of each support of the arrangement relative to the other supports of the arrangement is derived from a location of the supporting structures.

Abstract: An analog probe for a machine tool apparatus, including a probe body and a stylus member movably secured to the probe body in a suspended rest position via a suspension mechanism. A sensor is provided for measuring the extent of displacement of the stylus member relative to the probe body from a rest position. The analog probe further includes a first compliant sealing member extending between the probe body and stylus member such that the sensor is contained within a chamber sealed from external contaminants. The analog probe also has for a suppressor for suppressing movement of the stylus member away from its suspended rest position induced by changes in the chamber's internal pressure and/or changes in the analog probe's operating environment.

Abstract: Surgical apparatus is described that includes a surgical robot having a moveable arm for carrying a surgical tool. The apparatus also has x-ray imaging apparatus that includes at least one of an x-ray source and an x-ray detector. The moveable arm of the surgical robot is configured to carry at least one of the x-ray source and the x-ray detector. In this manner, the surgical robot can be used to perform x-ray imaging to allow patient registration. Methods of using the apparatus are also described.

Abstract: The position measuring system of a motion system such as a coordinate measuring machine is calibrated for static errors using one or more accelerometers. A displacement of the motion system is measured both using the position measuring system and by double integrating the outputs of the accelerometers. The displacement measurements using the accelerometers are less subject to static errors, or their static errors are repeatable and can be corrected. Comparing them with the measurements using the position measuring system therefore produces difference values, which can be used to build an error map or error function for correcting the static errors of the position measuring system.

Abstract: An analogue probe for a machine tool apparatus, which includes a probe body, a stylus member movably secured to the probe body and a sensor that measures the extent of displacement of the stylus member relative to the probe body, in which the sensor is contained within a chamber in the probe body. The analogue probe further includes a vent between the chamber and the outside of the probe body, configured such that, when the vent is open, the pressure within the chamber can equalize with the analogue probe's operating environment's pressure, and is further configured such that the vent's opening to the outside of the probe body can be closed so as to seal the chamber and the sensor from external contaminants during operation of the analogue probe.

Abstract: A method of operating a measurement device such as position measurement encoder comprising a scale comprising a series of features and a readhead for reading the scale's features and supplying position signals, the readhead operable in a plurality of different modes of operation. The method comprises the measurement device such as a readhead outputting on at least one signal channel to an external device at least one mode of operation signal indicating the measurement device's (e.g. the readhead's) mode of operation.

Abstract: An encoder apparatus including a scale including a series of features defining at least one scale track and a readhead for reading the scale's features. The readhead includes at least one light source for illuminating the scale and at least one detector. The configuration of the at least one light source is such that there is a structure in the light projected toward the scale. The readhead is configured such that the structure is angled so that it is substantially misaligned with respect to the scale's features so as to reduce measurement error in the signal output by the readhead.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a measurement device (such as a position measurement encoder including a scale and a readhead) the measurement device including at least one sensor, the method including positioning at least one component of the measurement device using the output from the sensor.

Abstract: This invention concerns a laser solidification apparatus for building objects by layerwise solidification of powder material. The apparatus including a build chamber containing a build platform, a device for depositing layers of powder material on to the build platform, an optical unit for directing a laser beam to selectively solidify areas of each powder layer and a spectrometer for detecting characteristic radiation emitted by plasma formed during solidification of the powder by the laser beam. The invention also relates to a spectrometer for detecting characteristic radiation generated by interaction of the metal with the or a further laser beam. The spectra recorded using the spectrometer may be used for feedback control during the solidification process.