Abstract: A method of operating a perimeter security system comprises monitoring a perimeter for a plurality of events, receiving an event signal for an event of the plurality of events wherein the event signal comprises an acceleration, processing the first event signal to determine if the event is a threat, transferring a confirmation request to confirm that the event is a threat in response to determining that the event is a threat, receiving a confirmation response in response to the confirmation request confirming that the event is a threat, and generating and transmitting a message identifying the event in response to confirming the threat.

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a signal sensor configured to receive a plurality of event signals for an event, a processing system coupled to the signal sensor and configured to process the plurality of event signals to determine if the event is a threat and responsive to determining that the event is a threat generate a threat message identifying the event, and an interface system coupled to the processing system and configured to transmit the threat message to a control system.

Abstract: A cluster tool includes a transfer chamber connected to a plurality of vacuum chambers. An additional process chamber connected to the transfer chamber includes a high pressure chamber assembly seated on a housing. The high pressure chamber assembly, which is adjustable between an open position and a closed position, includes an upper chamber portion and a lower chamber portion. Hydraulic cylinders mounted on the upper chamber portion and having chamber rods that attach to the lower chamber portion are configured to move the lower chamber relative to the upper chamber portion between the two positions. When the two portions are brought together into the closed, the high pressure chamber assembly forms a high pressure chamber suitable for processing wafers with supercritical CO2. Once the high pressure chamber is formed, a region between lower chamber portion and a housing may be evacuated to form a vacuum chamber outside a portion of the high pressure chamber.

Abstract: One embodiment of a system includes a volume hologram for dispersing a general diffuse beam of light provided as input; a detector for receiving and detecting light dispersed by the volume hologram; and a Fourier transforming lens for forming the Fourier transform of the light dispersed from the volume hologram onto the detector. Other systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: An air-pressure-control system, the system comprising a system inlet, a system outlet, and a variable-speed fan configured to operate at a speed. A motor controller in communication with the fan is configured to control the speed of the fan. A differential-pressure transducer configured to monitor an air pressure at the system inlet and an air pressure at the system outlet. A closed-loop pressure controller in communication with the motor controller and differential-pressure transducer, wherein the pressure controller is configured to vary the speed of the fan based on the pressure differential between the inlet and outlet of the system, thereby controlling a pressure within a space. An ultraviolet kill chamber may be disposed between the inlet and outlet to expose airborne particulate to UV radiation. The system may also have a filter located within an air-flow path between the system inlet and system outlet.

Abstract: A sophisticated volume hologram for dispersing an incident optical signal with uniform spectrum over an input plane to an output pattern with non-uniform spatial-spectral information, where the sophisticated volume hologram includes a plurality of holograms that map different input wavelengths into different locations on an output plane. The system further includes a detector for receiving and detecting light dispersed by the sophisticated volume hologram.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus for electroplating a surface of a wafer is provided. The wafer is capable of being electrically charged as a cathode. The electroplating apparatus includes a plating head capable of being positioned either over or under the surface of a wafer and capable of being electrically charged as an anode. The plating head is capable of enabling metallic plating between the surface of the wafer and the plating head when the wafer and plating head are charged. The plating head further comprises a voltage sensor pair capable of sensing a voltage present between the plating head and the surface of the wafer, and a controller capable of receiving data from the voltage sensor pair. The data received from the voltage sensor pair is used by the controller to maintain a substantially constant voltage to be applied by the anode when the plating head is placed in positions over the surface of the wafer. A method of electroplating a wafer is also provided.

Abstract: Localized catalyst activity in an SCR unit for controlling emissions from a boiler, power plant, or any facility that generates NOx-containing flue gases is monitored by one or more modules that operate on-line without disrupting the normal operation of the facility. Each module is positioned over a designated lateral area of one of the catalyst beds in the SCR unit, and supplies ammonia, urea, or other suitable reductant to the catalyst in the designated area at a rate that produces an excess of the reductant over NOx on a molar basis through the designated area. Sampling probes upstream and downstream of the designated area draw samples of the gas stream for NOx analysis, and the catalyst activity is determined from the difference in NOx levels between the two probes.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable device for operating on at least a portion of energy propagating through a waveguide is disclosed. The wavelength tunable device includes an upper cladding and a lower cladding having a core substantially disposed there between and suitable for optically coupling to the waveguide, a pattern of nanostructures positioned substantially on the upper cladding distal to the core so as to define a reflectivity for energy propagating through the waveguide, and, a movable membrane aligned with the pattern of nanostructures so as to at least partially define a gap there between. This gap may be selectively controlled upon actuation of the movable membrane so as to cause a corresponding change in the reflectivity.

Abstract: Localized catalyst activity in an SCR unit for controlling emissions from a boiler, power plant, or any facility that generates NOx-containing flue gases is monitored by one or more modules that operate on-line without disrupting the normal operation of the facility. Each module is positioned over a designated lateral area of one of the catalyst beds in the SCR unit, and supplies ammonia, urea, or other suitable reductant to the catalyst in the designated area at a rate that produces an excess of the reductant over NOx on a molar basis through the designated area. Sampling probes upstream and downstream of the designated area draw samples of the gas stream for NOx analysis, and the catalyst activity is determined from the difference in NOx levels between the two probes.

Abstract: A motion induced generator is mounted to a vehicle or conveyance to harness the oscillatory motion generated during travel of the vehicle or conveyance, and may be coupled to at least one device or system, such as an external rail car lighting system, a global positioning device, a diagnostic device, or a combination thereof. Once the motion of the vehicle is harnessed and translated into usable and/or storable energy, the current or voltage is transmitted directly to the units for immediate consumption or for storage in a battery, capacitor, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An air-pressure-control system, the system comprising a system inlet, a system outlet, and a variable-speed fan configured to operate at a speed. A motor controller in communication with the fan is configured to control the speed of the fan. A differential-pressure transducer configured to monitor an air pressure at the system inlet and an air pressure at the system outlet. A closed-loop pressure controller in communication with the motor controller and differential-pressure transducer, wherein the pressure controller is configured to vary the speed of the fan based on the pressure differential between the inlet and outlet of the system, thereby controlling a pressure within a space. An ultraviolet kill chamber may be disposed between the inlet and outlet to expose airborne particulate to UV radiation. The system may also have a filter located within an air-flow path between the system inlet and system outlet.

Abstract: In certain aspects, the invention features articles that have a first layer including a plurality of rows of a first material extending along a first direction, the rows being spaced apart from each other and a center of each adjacent row being separated by a distance less than a wavelength ?, and a second layer supported by the first layer, the second layer including a second material. The first layer is configured to transmit about 50% or more of radiation of wavelength ? having a first polarization state incident on the first layer along a path and to specularly reflect about 80% or more of radiation of wavelength ? having a second polarization state incident on the first layer along the path, the first and second polarization states being orthogonal. The second layer is configured so that the article specularly reflects about 10% or less of the radiation of wavelength ? having the second polarization incident on the article along the path, where the path intersects the first and second layers.

Abstract: Capacitive bulk acoustic wave x, y and z-axes gyroscopes implemented on (100) and (111) silicon substrates are disclosed. Exemplary gyroscopes comprise a handle substrate, a bulk acoustic wave resonator element supported by the handle substrate, and a plurality of electrodes surrounding and separated from the resonator element by very small capacitive gaps. The electrodes can excite and detect at least two degenerate bulk acoustic wave resonant modes in the resonator. Advantages include reduced size; higher Q, which improves noise and bias stability; larger bandwidth, and improved shock resistance. In addition, the high Q is maintained in atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure which reduces the cost and complexity of the wafer-scale packaging of the gyroscope.

Abstract: Disclosed are micromechanical tapered I-shaped bulk acoustic resonators. An exemplary resonator is formed on a substrate, which is preferably silicon. The resonator has a central rod (or extensional member) coupled to two tapered lateral flanges (or flexural members). The central extensional member and tapered flexural members are separated from the substrate. One or more electrodes are disposed adjacent to the tapered flexural members, are separated therefrom by small gaps, and are separated from the substrate. One or more anchors are coupled to the substrate, are laterally separated from the central rod by small gaps, and are coupled to the central rod by supports. The one or more anchors support and suspend the central rod and flexural members from the substrate. Process compensation is achieved using the tapered flexural members.

Abstract: A method for processing a substrate is provided which includes applying fluid onto a surface of the substrate from a portion of a plurality of inlets and removing at least the fluid from the surface of the substrate where the removing being processed as the fluid is applied to the surface. The applying the fluid and the removing the fluid forms a segment of a fluid meniscus on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods for processing a substrate with a fluid meniscus are provided. One method includes positioning a transition surface substantially coplanar to a substrate surface. The transition surface is defined to be adjacent to an edge of the substrate. And, moving a fluid meniscus between the transition surface and the substrate surface.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the invention features methods that include forming a roll of a first material into a substrate and forming a plurality of rows of a second material on the substrate, where the second material includes a metal, the rows of the second material extend along a first direction, the rows are spaced apart from one another, and adjacent rows are spaced apart by about 400 nm or less.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus that implement blind selected mapping techniques that provide for crest factor reduction of forward link CDMA signals. Communication signals are processed using a mathematical algorithm that selectively maps a summed communication signal in a frame to another summed communication signal which has a smaller peak-to-average power ratio. The reduced dynamic range communication signal is amplified and transmitted to a receiver. At the receiver, the reduced power communication signal is processed using a mathematical algorithm that detects the selected mapping index used in the transmitter and converts the received signals into the original communication signals.

Abstract: A hot melt adhesive composition comprising (A) 60 to 98 wt. % of a propylene-ethylene copolymer, (B) 2 to 40 wt. % of a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene wax having a softening point of 120 to 170° C. and serving as a tackifier, and when required, (C) an antioxidant in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % based on the combined amount of (A) and (B).