Abstract: A light emitting method includes passing a laser beam through at least one offset assembly and a focusing assembly in sequence, and actuating, by a control-manipulating mechanism, the offset assembly to cause the laser beam to be offset, so that the laser beam can quickly produce a controllable opening of any shape in a drilling process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the synthesis of aromatic carbamates from amine with dialkyl carbonate in the presence of binary or ternary mixed metal oxide catalyst. The present invention further discloses the yield of said aromatic carbamate in the range of 60 to 99%. Further, the ratio of amine to dialkyl carbonate is in the range of 1:2 to 1:30.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame using enhanced layer dummy values are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information corresponding to the time interleaver, the time interleaver uses one of time interleaver groups, and enhanced layer data corresponding to the one of the time interleaver groups include dummy values.

Abstract: Functionalized nanotube arrays, sensors, and related methods of detecting target compounds are presented. A functionalized nanotube array can include a plurality of metal oxide nanotubes. The metal oxide nanotubes can be formed of a metal oxide and can have an interior or exterior surface that is optionally functionalized with at least one metal ion. These metal nanotubes can be used in a sensor for detecting target compounds such as volatile organic compounds, and biomarkers in a fluid environment. The sensor can further include a power source configured to apply a voltage to the nanotube array and a current sensor configured to monitor and detect changes in a response current which varies upon binding with the target compounds.

Abstract: A method to interpret and quantify mineral compositions and concentrations, the method including: determining, with a computer, mineral composition models from a non-linear inversion of core or log elemental and mineral concentration data; and determining, with a computer, mineral concentrations for subsurface region from a linear inversion of core or geochemical log data from the subsurface region or analogous region and the mineral composition models.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include devices and methods for correcting a torso deformity of a patient. The devices include a suction chamber for placement around the torso deformity and to provide negative pressure to the torso deformity; and a measurement component coupled to the suction chamber. The measurement component is adapted to indicate a relative distance between the torso deformity and a distal surface of the suction chamber. The methods include positioning a torso deformity correcting device around a torso deformity on a torso of a patient. The methods further include withdrawing air from the suction chamber to apply negative pressure within the suction chamber to displace the torso deformity, and setting a negative pressure level by measuring the relative distance of the torso deformity and the distal surface of the suction chamber that is indicated by the measurement component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations useful for affecting the behaviour of mosquitoes. More specifically, the present invention relates to formulations for activating mosquitoes such as for attracting mosquitoes. The present invention further provides methods and dispensers incorporating these formulations. The formulation comprises a thio compound as the active, preferably a thioether such as allyl methyl sulphide (AMS), 1-methylthio-propane, 3-methylthio-propanol (MTPL), (E)-1-methylthio-1-propene, (Z)-1-methylthio-1-propene, or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monopropellant system for a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) and a method for mono-propulsion using same and, more specifically, to a monopropellant system for an RFC which can, when operating an electrically propelled airplane adopting an RFC system, secure more energy via a monopropellant than conventional methods and use same as a propulsion source for airplane takeoff and so on, and to a method for mono-propulsion using the monopropellant system for an RFC.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for effectively recovering a sugar solution containing glucose and saccharogenic residues after saccharification using an acid or a saccharification enzyme of a wood-based or algae biomass, and a device for implementing the method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method capable of recovering a sugar solution using minimal equipment and water after aggregating fine particles by adding a protein suspension to a suspension of glucose and saccharogenic residues which are produced by saccharifying cellulose by adding an acid or saccharification enzyme to the biomass, while capable of minimizing an amount of saccharide lost in the residues, and a device for implementing the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data. Data to be transmitted is an aggregated frame including a first subframe and a second subframe each including information used to verify integrity of each subframe, and an apparatus receiving the data verifies integrity of a subframe based on the information used to verify the integrity.

Abstract: A method for preparing a nitrate ester is provided. The method includes providing a first solution including a compound (which has at least one hydroxyl group) and a carboxylic acid having 2-5 carbon atoms; providing a second solution including nitric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetic acid; and transferring the first solution and the second solution to a microreactor, obtaining a nitrate ester after a residence time. In particular, the ratio of the weight of nitric acid to the total volume of the acetic anhydride and acetic acid is 1:1 to 1:3.5. The ratio of the molar amount of nitric acid to the hydroxyl group equivalent of the compound is from 1:1 to 15:1.

Abstract: A method of providing a reference voltage for reading of a resistive memory array, and a read circuit for reading of a resistive memory array. The method comprises the steps of generating a first reference voltage when a bitline of the resistive memory array is in a first resistance state, and generating a second reference voltage when the bitline is in a second resistance state; wherein the first reference voltage is different from the first reference voltage and the first resistance state is different from the second resistance state.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of O-(3-piperidino-2-hydroxy-1-propyl)-nicotinic amidoxime (BGP15), its tautomers, enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for the treatment of Familial Dysaustonomia.

Abstract: A method of removing and capturing an acid gas from a fluid stream includes exposing the fluid stream to an aqueous scrubbing solution in the presence of a packing element including alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic features or zones. A related apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments, systems, methods and media for determining object motion in three dimensions using light field image data are provided. In some embodiments, a system for three dimensional motion estimation is provided, comprising: an image sensor; optics that create many images of a scene; and a hardware processor configured to: cause the image sensor to capture a first plurality of images; generate a first light field; cause the image sensor to capture a second plurality of images at a second time; generate a second light field; calculate light field gradients using the first light field and second light field; and calculate, for each point in the scene, three dimensional motion using the light field gradients by applying a constraint to the motion in the scene.

Abstract: A method for processing a substrate in a substrate processing system includes selectively delivering at least one of a precursor, a deposition carrier gas, and a post deposition purge gas to a processing chamber. The method includes depositing film on the substrate by generating radio frequency (RF) plasma in the processing chamber between an upper electrode and a lower electrode while supplying an RF voltage to one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode and while the precursor and the deposition carrier gas is delivered. The method includes selectively supplying a direct current (DC) bias voltage to the upper electrode or the lower electrode; moving the substrate relative to a pedestal supporting the substrate while generating the DC bias voltage; and delivering the post deposition purge gas while supplying at least a portion of the DC bias voltage to the upper electrode or the lower electrode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining ion energy are described. One of the methods includes detecting output of a generator to identify a generator output complex voltage and current (V&I). The generator is coupled to an impedance matching circuit and the impedance matching circuit is coupled to an electrostatic chuck (ESC). The method further includes determining from the generator output complex V&I a projected complex V&I at a point along a path between an output of a model of the impedance matching circuit and a model of the ESC. The operation of determining of the projected complex V&I is performed using a model for at least part of the path. The method includes applying the projected complex V&I as an input to a function to map the projected complex V&I to a wafer bias value at the ESC model and determining an ion energy from the wafer bias value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new probes and methods for determining the concentration of copper. In particular the present invention refers to a method for determining the concentration of “free” copper in a serum or blood sample with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy.

Abstract: Membranes suitable for use in membrane distillation are provided. Such membranes may include nano-fibrous layers with adjustable pore sizes. The membranes may include a hydrophobic nano fibrous scaffold and a thin hydrophilic protecting layer that can significantly reduce fouling and scaling problems.

Abstract: A diffusion cell is described that includes a receiver compartment and a tightening ring intended to be positioned above the receiver compartment in such a way that a membrane sample, such as a sample of a skin, can be arranged between the receiver compartment and the tightening ring. The cell further includes means for tightening by rotation of the tightening ring on the receiver compartment. Uses of such a diffusion cell, in particular for evaluating the penetration capacity of a compound of interest contained in an aerosol formulation, are also described. These uses can be applicable in an occlusive patch or semi-occlusive patch or in a formulation under occlusive or semi-occlusive conditions in the skin. The uses can also be implemented to evaluate the capacity of an aerosol formulation, an occlusive or semi-occlusive patch or a formulation under occlusive or semi-occlusive conditions to deliver a compound of interest through the skin.