Abstract: A direct gaseous reformate injector that includes an inlet for receiving a gaseous reformate; a plunger; and an outward-opening valve that comprises a valve body and a needle that is movable, by the plunger, in relation to the valve body, between a (a) closed position in which the gaseous reformate is not outputted from the direct gaseous reformate injector, and (b) an open position in which the gaseous reformate is outputted from the direct gaseous reformate injector.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for training and using an artificial intelligence model for use with predicting a task output. The method includes generating a plurality of individual datasets, each of the plurality of individual datasets comprising data of at least one answer to at least one of a plurality of questions of each of a plurality of questionnaires, generating a first batch of individual datasets, the first batch of individual datasets comprising one or more of the plurality of individual datasets, inputting the first batch of individual datasets into the artificial intelligence model, and encoding the data of the first batch of individual datasets with an autoencoder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for training a short circuit detection model are disclosed. The method includes generating virtual battery models with different battery parameter sets, based on battery data measured by a real battery in a non-short circuit state, by applying a constraint corresponding to a short circuit state to the virtual battery models, generating a virtual test result of the short circuit state, and training a short circuit detection model configured to detect the short circuit state using the virtual test result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technology for recognizing and determining an extent of a liver being examined by an operator during an ultrasound liver examination. In one aspect, a method of determining an extent of liver examination performed by a device for determining an extent of liver examination may include receiving an ultrasound image taken of a region of a liver as input, extracting features from the ultrasound image, determining a cross-section of the liver for which the ultrasound image was taken on the basis of the extracted features, and determining an extent of liver examination taken in the ultrasound image on the basis of the determined cross-section of the liver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding method and an image decoding method. The image decoding method includes partitioning a picture into a plurality of coding units, constructing a coding unit group including at least one coding unit of the plurality of coding units, obtaining coding information in units of one coding unit group, and decoding at least one coding unit of the plurality of coding units included in the coding unit group by using the obtained coding information.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for determining a final result using federated learning. The method includes, based on performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models of each of federated learning devices, determining weights of each of the AI models, inputting input data to each of the AI models by each of the federated learning devices, and determining a final result for the input data by a final result determination server based on outputs and the weights of the AI models.

Abstract: Selection systems, such as selection systems for determining peptides that inhibit protein aggregation, peptides determined with the selection systems, and methods of using the selection systems and the peptides.

Abstract: A mask design device for 3D proximity field pattering based on electric field control is provided. The mask design service, for producing a nanostructure having a constant period, may include: a material selector configured to select a material of the nanostructure having a specific refractive index; an objective function executor configured to execute an objective function based on a 2D electric field intensity map of the nanostructure formed from the material having a specific height and width; and an optimizer configured to set at least one of a period, the refractive index of the nanostructure, and the objective function, as an input variable, and configured to input the input variable into a predetermined algorithm to calculate design parameters of the nanostructure. A mask having the nanostructure, a method for manufacturing the mask, and a nano patterning device are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neuron synapse bifunctional element, which includes a gate electrode, a charge supply layer provided on the gate electrode and formed of an oxide dielectric, a channel layer provided on the charge supply layer and formed of an oxide semiconductor, and a source electrode and a drain electrode provided on both sides of the channel layer, respectively, and as electrons or holes are trapped in a charge trapping layer between the channel layer and the charge supply layer, a magnitude and pattern of a current flow flowing in the channel layer change depending on a change in a signal applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a federated learning method and system using shared learning data. The federated learning method includes determining shared learning data to be provided to federated learning devices, learning each of artificial intelligence (AI) models by each of the federated learning devices using the shared learning data and unique learning data of each of the federated learning devices, and determining a final model by a final model determination server based on a learning result of the AI models.

Abstract: Catalysts and methods for catalytic hydrogenolysis of a polymer. The method comprises a) activating a catalyst with a hydrogen source to provide an activated catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises: i) a MXene support of Formula I: Mn+1XnTx (I); wherein each M is independently an early transition metal; X is carbon or nitrogen; Tx is a surface functional group wherein x is 0-10; and n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and ii) a supported metal, wherein loading of the supported metal on the MXene support is less than 5% w/w based on the weight of the catalyst; and b) contacting a mixture of the activated catalyst, hydrogen gas, and a polymer at a temperature of at least about 200° C. for a period of time that is sufficient for catalytic hydrogenolysis of the polymer; thereby converting the polymer to a fuel.

Abstract: An audio processing system is disclosed for comparing a query audio sample with a database of multiple reference audio samples using an external normalization. The system includes at least one processor and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to determine a bias term of the external normalization based on a spectro-temporal pattern of the query audio sample. The system further compares the query audio sample with each of the reference audio samples to generate a similarity score for each comparison. The system combines the bias term with each of the similarity scores to produce normalized similarity scores. The normalized similarity scores are then compared with a threshold to generate a result of comparison, which is subsequently outputted.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to integrating human decision-making into a model-based system. In one embodiment, a method includes acquiring sensor data, including driver data about a driver of a vehicle and driving data about the vehicle and a surrounding environment of the vehicle. The method includes encoding, using a world encoder, the sensor data into a latent representation. The method includes determining human decision- making characteristics according to the latent representation. The method includes generating a control signal for providing shared control of the vehicle according to the human decision-making characteristics and the latent representation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to stylizing messages within a vehicle according to an occupant and a current context. In one embodiment, a method includes determining a style for presenting messages associated with an occupant of a vehicle according to a context defined in relation to an occupant and an environment of the vehicle. The method includes generating a message according to the style for the occupant. The method includes providing the message to the occupant.

Abstract: Provided is a communication method by which a transmitting device and a receiving device communicate through a request channel and a reply channel, the communication method including: outputting, by the transmitting device, a burden signal including data to the receiving device through the request channel; storing, by the receiving device, the data; providing, by the transmitting signal, a reply request signal indicating whether a reply is required; and performing, by the receiving device, a reply to the stored data through the reply channel according to the reply request signal.

Abstract: A teaching curriculum method for generating teaching actions for drivers, includes obtaining driving data from a plurality of driving scenarios, the driving data comprises vehicle trajectory information and corresponding scene context information, the driving scenarios comprising instructed driving events and uninstructed driving events, encoding, with a behavior model, the driving data, wherein the encoded driving data comprises an indication that a corresponding one of the driving scenarios comprises one of the instructed driving event or the uninstructed driving event, determining, with a trajectory estimator processing the encoded driving data, one or more driving skill transitions based on a presence or an absence of the indication, and generating, with a teacher action model, a teaching action for one of the plurality of driving scenarios.

Abstract: A circuit compensation method applied to pattern displacement includes: disposing at least one chip on a carrier; measuring a shift of the chip, performing circuit position compensation on a predetermined pattern of a redistribution layer, and calculating a resistance difference of the pattern before and after the circuit position compensation; estimating a circuit proportion and a range of resistance variation in the pattern needed for resistance compensation after the circuit position compensation according to the resistance difference; determining a compensation position and a scheme of circuit proportion and adjusting a circuit width, area, length, pattern, or combination thereof of a circuit within the circuit proportion according to the resistance difference; outputting a picture file of the pattern after the circuit position and resistance compensation; and forming the redistribution layer according to the picture file and electrically connecting the redistribution layer to the chip.

Abstract: A spindle device includes a shaft housing, a spindle, a bearing liner, a damping adjustment piston and an actuating assembly. The spindle is disposed through the shaft housing. A bearing component surrounds a shaft. The bearing liner is sleeved on the bearing component and has a liner conical surface facing away from the bearing component. The liner conical surface is non-parallel to an axial direction. A damping chamber is formed between the shaft housing and the bearing liner to be filled with a damping fluid. The damping adjustment piston is slidably located within the damping chamber and has a piston conical surface facing the liner conical surface. The piston conical surface is non-parallel to the axial direction. The actuating assembly is to drive the damping adjustment piston to move relative to the bearing liner to adjust a gap formed between the piston conical surface and the liner conical surface.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a horological assembly (2000) including a watch (1000) and an adjustment tool (200) for driving, without direct contact, a first mobile (1) internal to the watch (1000) throughout its case, for adjustment and/or recharging, the adjustment tool (200) including first magnetic areas (210) cooperating in attraction or repulsion with the first mobile (1) which is pivotably and axially movable about a first axis (D1) against an elastic return means (5) fastened to the case (10), between an active position in which the adjustment tool (200) draws the first mobile (1) towards an end-of-travel surface (6) in an engaged position with a second mobile (7) inside the case (10), and an inactive position in the absence of the adjustment tool (200) and in which the elastic return means (5) keeps the first mobile (1) disengaged from the second mobile (7).

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector, comprising a substrate, a pixel array formed on the substrate, a perovskite thick film formed on the pixel array and having nanosheet structure, and a readout circuit electrically connected to the pixel array, wherein the perovskite thick film comprises CsPbBrmI3-m or FAPbBrmI3-m, 0?m?3, a surfactant and a ligand. A preparation method for a perovskite thick film is also provided.