Abstract: A method is described for ascertaining the set-point braking moment for the various wheels of a vehicle, in which to this end, signals dependent on the wheel speeds V.sub.Ri and the vehicle speed V.sub.F are used. The signals from which the set-point braking moments are ascertained are obtained by sending the signals corresponding to the wheel speeds and the vehicle speed through an especially embodied Kalman filter.

Abstract: A device for binding holed sheets or a ring book fastener includes a binding cover elastically supported by supporting elements and receiving a plurality of rings spaced from each other along the axis of the binding cover and connected thereto. Each ring is comprised of two ring halves which are releasably engageable with each other. Each ring half is provided at the end thereof cooperating with the end of the other ring half with a tooth-shaped projection engageable in a tooth gap-shaped recess of the other ring half so as to produce a lock preventing a displacement of the ring halves in the closed position in the direction transverse to the closing direction.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed having a rotating distributor, which is axially adjusted by an electromagnetic final control element counter to the force of a restoring spring. The force of the restoring spring is transmitted via an intermediate ring onto a collar of an armature serving as a coupling element, with the armature being provided with an axial recess into which a fitting part of the core of the electromagnet can plunge when magnetic force is applied.

Abstract: The machine tool spindle has a cylindrical receiving bore (3) and on its front end a plurality of concentric, annular supporting surfaces (4, 5, 6) which are separated from one another by annular grooves (7, 8) formed in the front end. The tool holders (9a) have mating projections (10) of equal diameter which fit accurately in the receiving bore (3) but shank diameters (D3) which differ stepwise from one another, the outside diameter (d1, d2, d3) of each supporting surface (4, 5, 6) being slightly smaller than the outside diameter (D3) of the annular surface (12a) of the corresponding tool holder (9a). When the annular surface (12a) (of a tool holder 9a), which is located at the transition between the shank and the mating projection (10), is in contact with the corresponding supporting surface (4, 5, 6), the or each further radially inwardly located supporting surface is located in axially spaced relationship to the opposite radial surface of the tool holder (9a).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling characteristic curves in a vehicle brake system having a hydraulic brake booster. At least one supplementary piston is incorporated in the output pressure lines forming preferably closed brake circuits of the brake booster, the supplementary piston being triggered in a regulated manner both for controlling or varying the characteristic curve for anti-skid braking pressure modulation. Optionally, in order to attain predetermined characteristic curve courses, modified travel magnitudes of the brake pedal actuation or of the booster piston are compared with the actual pressure in the brake circuits. The triggering is effected via the magnetic valves.

Abstract: A circuit for the changeable prolongation of the (phase-) running time of an ultrasound delay line with a delay duration of somewhat less than a line duration for color television signals in the range of the color carrier frequency includes a changeable resistor which is disposed in the signal path and connected to the first input of the ultrasound delay line; a coil which is disposed between the first input of the delay line and the second input which is connected with the reference potential. The coil represents a first winding (8') of a transformer (8), whose second winding (8") is applied at one end thereof on the reference potential, and is connected through a changeable capacity (7) with the connection point of the changeable resistor (6) and an input terminal of a signal to be delayed.

Abstract: In a device for the illumination of a passive display element a flat light guide element made of plexiglass is arranged immediately behind the passive display element. The guide element has a peripheral edge which is sloped. A carrier plate is provided in the device, which has light-emitting diodes in chip form mounted thereon. The light-emitting diodes apply light onto the peripheral edge of the light guide element.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable valve, in particular a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems, which serves to supply fuel to internal combustion engines. The fuel injection valve comprises a valve chamber and a core upon which a magnet coil is wound by use of a carrier body. A flat armature is constructed in such a manner at its side facing core that it partially overlaps the front surface of a ferromagnetic valve chamber with its outer range of action so that the magnet circuit is guided to the flat armature via valve chamber and the front face and so that magnetic coil, when actuated, simultaneously serves as a detent for the flat armature.

Abstract: A brake pedal of a braking system controls braking pressure to be applied to both the front as well as the rear axles of a vehicle, typically a truck or other heavy vehicle.

Abstract: A self propelled toy vehicle provided with a self contained bridging assembly. A bridging assembly is provided which upon manual actuation is automatically positioned to be driven over by the toy vehicle as it climbs over an embankment or passes over a chasm. After the vehicle has passed over the bridging member, it is automatically returned to a rest position on top of the vehicle.

Abstract: The speed to be measured, either engine speed or vehicle (drive wheel) speed, is measured by a tachogenerator which trips a timer to provide a series of measurements. When the system is in use, a driver can store the actual speed at a selected moment as the desired speed. From a linearized model of vehicle speed or engine speed response to acceleration or deceleration of the engine by displacement of a control member, system parameters a.sub.1 and b.sub.1 are derived. The actual speed signal is multiplied by a.sub.1 and added algebraically (to produce a difference signal) to the desired speed signal, with the resulting signal then being multiplied by another constant derived from the system parameter b.sub.1 by reference to weighting factors p and q of a cost minimizing equation relating to the relative significance of obtaining a small control deviation and of limiting or increasing the amplitude of the control signal. An output signal is then provided by the second multiplying stage.

Abstract: The roofing module of the present invention is comprised of a sheet of thermoplastic material which has opposed side margins that are bent upwardly at 90.degree. with respect to the body of the sheet to provide joinder tabs. The module is formed by transporting a flat sheet of the material between a pair of inwardly-facing radiant heaters which are focused on a line which the sheet will be bent about in order to soften the sheet along that line. After the sheet is softened along the fold line it is transported through a bending section comprised of a series of die rollers which cause the margin to progressively be bent upwardly to the desired orientation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus and a method for controlling the operating characteristic quantities of an internal combustion engine, with a characteristic set up with operating quantities of the internal combustion engine for pre-control of engine variables influencing the operating characteristic quantities, and with a control arrangement, responsive to at least one engine variable, for correctively influencing the characteristic values. The values stored in the characteristic field and selected in dependence on operating characteristic quantities of the internal combustion engine are modified via the control arrangement to correctively influence the characteristic values. In addition, the characteristic values lying within the defined region of the characteristic value modified are also changed in dependence on the modification of this particular characteristic value.

Abstract: To permit change of data, to be used in a fixed program carried out by a microprocessor (1) in accordance with a stored program (2), upon change in operating characteristics of a controlled apparatus (M), for example an internal combustion engine, an erasable programmable read-only memory (3) is provided, which is external to the microprocessor (1). The external memory (3) forms a combined address and data memory having at least one address field (4), and a vector field (5). A constant data field (7) and a table, or function data field (6) are part of the external memory (3), which data fields contain data to be addressed directly through the address field or via the vector field for not only a single type or series of apparatus, such as ICEs, but also additional engines, or engine characteristics, for example due to aging.

Abstract: A device for aligning rail ends for welding of the abutting rail ends comprises a pair of clamping members which extend across from the rail to be welded to the adjacent continuous portion of rail including a telescopic member which can be expanded to abut plates at the ends thereof with the web of the rail and clamping members which extend over and around the rail to clamp the other side of the web. A jacking screw acts to lock the telescopic member in the required gauge spacing and also to jack the clamping member upwardly to locate the rail end at the required elevation.

Abstract: A valve control arrangement for an internal combustion engine with reciprocating pistons, comprises a combustion chamber valve, a driving cam of the combustion chamber valve, a movement transmission group arranged between the combustion chamber valve and the driving cam and having a pressure chamber which is fillable with a pressure medium and unloadable from the pressure medium, an unloading conduit through which the pressure chamber is unloaded, and electrically controlled blocking valve arranged in the unloading conduit for blocking and releasing the unloading conduit and therefore coupling or uncoupling the combustion chamber valve relative to the driving cam, the blocking valve being formed as electromagnetically controlled 2/2 directional control valve.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for metering an air-fuel mixture to an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a characteristic field set up with operating quantities of the internal combustion engine for anticipatorily controlling engine variables that influence the air-fuel mixture and a control arrangement, responsive to at least one engine variable, for correctively influencing the characteristic field values. The characteristic field values are stored in the characteristic field and selected in dependence on operating quantities of the internal combustion engine. The characteristic field values are modified by means of different control methods to correctively influence the same. More specifically, the control methods include a control to a minimal specific fuel consumption in the lower and part-load ranges as well as a control to maximum power in the upper load range as may be necessary.

Abstract: A brake booster, combined with an anti-skid apparatus for a master brake cylinder. The brake booster is controlled by a brake valve and has a first booster piston displaceable by a brake pedal via a tappet for emergency braking and hydraulically pressurizable for braking with brake boosting, and a second booster pinion, which is only hydraulically displaceable. With normal braking, both booster pistons operate simultaneously. In case of skidding the first booster piston is hydraulically fixed in its operative position during a first, low brake pressure reduction and the second booster piston is relieved of boost pressure and performs reductions in brake pressure. If these are not sufficient, the first booster piston is also displaced in the direction of its initial position. Whereby the first booster piston pressures against the tappet via a spring mounted between it and the tappet which, in turn, acts on the brake pedal.

Abstract: To reliably prevent ingress of moisture to a connection between an electrical connecting cable or line to an electrical apparatus within a housing, the conductors of the cable or line are externally surrounded by an insulating layer which is of such a material that it joins, by melting or chemical reaction with the material of a surrounding bushing or sleeve, which bushing or sleeve then can be secured in a wall of the apparatus, for example by a removable rubber ring (FIG. 2) or can be molded into the housing of an electrical apparatus, for example a sensor; preferably, the materials of the housing and of the plug or sleeve also join, either by melting together or by chemical reaction. For a melt connection, a thermoplastic such as polyamide is suitable; for reactive connection, a reactive thermosetting plastic, for example polyester imide, or epoxy may be used.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for adapting the characteristic of a final controlling element to eliminate disturbances and other undesired influencing quantities and, particularly for adapting the controller characteristic for the idle air charge control of internal combustion engines. A desired air quantity value issued by a regulator on the basis of various operating conditions is corrected by multiplicative and/or additive action prior to being delivered to an idle control element, for example, by means of which a change is effected in the cross-sectional area of the opening of a bypass valve arranged in the fuel metering arrangement of the internal combustion engine. This correction relates to adapting a characteristic of the idle control element with respect to offset and slope. This is accomplished by evaluating the output signals of at least one offset integrator or one slope integrator to generate an adapted electrical actuating quantity for the idle control element.