Abstract: To reduce the data processing requirements within operating cycles of an automotive-type microprocessor or computer, the input/output unit has an angle increment counter receiving angle increment signals synchronized with rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, the counter providing output signals to comparators which, when the count state reaches predetermined values as applied from a data bus, derived from the microprocessor, to the comparator, then provides output signals to control the engine, for example by providing ignition control output signals, fuel injection control output signals, or the like.

Abstract: To render the grey scale of recording on an electrosensitive recording medium (16) independent of voltage applied by an electrode (22) while maintaining a predetermined relationship between a command voltage (U.sub.c) and the resulting grey scale of the recording, the command voltage (U.sub.c) is compared in a comparator (44) with energy being supplied from an external source through a coil (32) having a primary winding (34) to which a capacitor (36) is connected in parallel to form an oscillatory circuit by a transistor (40). Upon controlling the transistor to conduction, for example in pulses supplied by a pulse source (48), energy will be stored in the L/C circuit 34/36 until the transistor is controlled to cut off when the command signal (U.sub.c) and a signal across a dropping resistor (42) indicates a predetermined relationship, for example equality, and representative of the energy required to burn out an area of the metalized coating corresponding to the selected grey scale.

Abstract: Control signals for triggering the events to be controlled, via at least one output stage (13, 14), are generated in a vehicular computer (11) as a dependent function of the output signals of a sensor (10) coupled to a rotating shaft of the engine, and of further sensors dependent on other operating parameters. At least one sensor-controlled auxiliary control device (17, 18) is provided. The output signals of the auxiliary control devices (17, 18) are transmitted via a switching device (12) to the terminal control stages (13, 14) as an alternative to the output signals of the computer (11). The switching device (12) is preferably embodied as a multiplexer and is controllable by an error decoding stage (19) for decoding and monitoring serial, or parallel, signals of the computer (11) to determine proper function of the computer (11); in case of malfunction of the computer (11), decoding stage (19) causes control of the output stage, or stages (13, 14) from the respective auxiliary control device.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed which serves to form the operating mixture for internal combustion engines, in particular for mixture-compressing engines having externally supplied ignition. The apparatus includes an air measuring device having a control body, which has a circularly curved control section and an actuation section. In accordance with the forces of the air which engage the actuation section, the control body, with its control section, opens a flowthrough opening in a mixture forming section to a greater or lesser extent. The control body is rotatably supported, concentrically with a throttle valve, and is connected with a metering needle which protrudes through a metering opening, at which point a greater or lesser fuel quantity is metered in accordance with the rotational movement of the control body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remote control surveying which eliminates the need for a rod man or other assistant while performing surveying operations with an electronic distance measuring device. The method includes positioning reflectors over the end points of a base line of known length, positioning an electronic distance measuring device over a desired survey station, rotating the reflectors into alignment with the electronic measuring device by remote control, and measuring the distance from the survey station to the two reflectors. The method also includes traverse operations using a single reflector positioned over a base point. The location of the survey station can then be calculated and the electronic distance measuring device may be relocated to subsequent survey stations and the reflectors realigned by remote control. The apparatus includes an attachment for a standard surveyor's tribrach which rotatably supports a standard reflector unit and an electric motor in a vertical position.

Abstract: The identity of horses is established by optically scanning the four "chestnuts" located on the insides of their legs to generate digital numbers corresponding to the width, height and area of each chestnut. These numbers are encoded digitally with an application number assigned to the individual horse and the serial number of the equipment performing the scan to produce a code which is then stored on tape within a tape recorder. The code is thereafter transmitted to a central data bank for future reference so that the identity of the horse can be subsequently checked to prevent fraudulent and mistaken substitution of horses. The apparatus and method is also useful in identifying lost horses and in controlling theft and disease.

Abstract: To provide for simultaneous transmission of pressure signals and light signals from the combustion chamber (CC) of an internal combustion engine or, selectively, either one or the other of the pressure or light signals, independently, a spark plug-type housing (1, 2) has a glass plug (3) fitted therein, the end face of which at the side remote from the combustion chamber engaging a piezo-ceramic ring (4). The inner opening of the ring (4) transmits light from the glass plug or rod 3 to a light guide fiber cable (7) which, concentrically and insulated from each other, has a metal woven sleeve (10) placed thereabout, and an outer metallic jacket (12), the woven sleeve (10) being connected to a flanged ring (6, 6a) engaging one end face of the piezo-ceramic ring (4), the other end face being connected to the outer metallic sleeve (12) to provide a coaxial electrical signal output cable, with the inner portion thereof surrounding and forming a jacket for the light guide fiber cable (7).

Abstract: The present relates to machine tools, such as hond drills and more particularly to control devices utilized for controlling the speed of the machine tool.

Abstract: An electromagnet is proposed which serves in particular for actuating a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines. The electromagnet includes a housing and a magnetic coil mounted on a core. The supply of electric current to the magnetic coil is effected via contact prongs, which protrude via insulating inserts into the housing and whose ends are yieldingly surrounded by loops embodied on contact lugs. The contact lugs are disposed on the carrier body and on the other end are electrically conductively connected with the wire ends of the magnetic coil.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for mixing and (chroma keying) two color television signals as a function of the color of one of the color signals, or of a third color television signal. The system comprises an automatic color generator by means of which the color present in a foreground signal at a selectable position on the corresponding television picture is used as a reference for the switching operation. The adjustment of the keying color is thereby considerably simplified.

Abstract: To obtain a timing signal in the regeneration of digital pulses from recordings or after transmission, two start-stop oscillators are triggered, respectively, by signals to be regenerated and by the same signals after inversion. The output signals from these oscillators are combined into a single signal which has the frequency of the desired timing signal, and a flywheel circuit is used to produce a continuously alternating voltage. Each of the start-stop oscillators is conveniently implemented by a pair of transistors whose emitters are interconnected by an inductor and individually connected to an operating voltage via a capacitor and a resistor, respectively.

Abstract: A plurality of threshold switches or comparators, at least two and preferably five to seven are provided to compare actual generator output voltage (u.sub.g) with respect to various threshold levels derived from battery voltage, and normal and abnormal and highly abnormal or excessive voltage conditions. Actual generator voltage is sensed by providing a separate set of rectifiers (14) connected to the generator (10) and providing output voltage signals representative only of the magnetism of the field--remanent or excited--and generator speed, independently of loading and battery voltage, to permit monitoring actual operation of the generator in relation to the connected network and battery. One (76) of the threshold switches or comparators is provided to inhibit energization of the field winding by the voltage regulator (20) if the voltage of the generator, as sensed, exceeds a predetermined level (eg.

Abstract: To provide for improved cleaning of an optical combustion sensor, particularly to determine knocking in an internal combustion (IC) engine, a pick-up element made of glass, glass-coated or covered metal or the like, and, for example, hollow inside and filled with a vaporizable and condensable medium to define a heat pipe, has a sensing end portion which is formed with a mushroom-shaped enlarged head (14). The unit may be combined with the functions of a spark plug by extending a conductor therethrough, making the pick-up of electrically conductive glass or ceramic, placing a metal foil or other conductor at the outside, separated from the metallic housing by an insulating sleeve or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection pump having a hydraulic governor, wherein the control pressure is reducible via a valve operating in accordance with temperature when the engine is cold, as a result of which the idling rpm increases.

Abstract: To obtain an aperture correction signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio and having steep flanks with low harmonic content, the video signal is twice differentiated to obtain the second differential (C), and is also once differentiated to obtain the first differential (B), which is squared, the squared first differential and the second differential being multiplied and the product, after phase-matching by inversion, is applied as a correction signal (F), additively, in an adder (11) to the video signal (A) to form an aperture corrected output signal (G). Prior to the addition step, the video signal is time delayed to compensate for delays in the signal processing stages (4, 6, 7, 8) of the system (2).

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which has a high-pressure pump, a fuel reservoir determining the injection pressure, and an intermediate piston, during whose first half-stroke meters fuel under low pressure and during a second half-stroke, driven by the reservoir, injects the metered fuel. In order to vary the duration of injection, the pressure in the reservoir is determined either by means of the supply quantity of the high-pressure pump or by means of an appropriate pressure control valve in an outflow conduit.

Abstract: Speed regulation, either closed loop or open loop, in a hand-held electric tool such as a drill, a miller, a saw or, in particular, combination tools for home use, is carried out by use of a microcomputer. Then-present operating conditions such as the speed of the drill bit, the direction of rotation of the bit, the presently engaged gear, etc. are indicated by a display which has a plurality of fields which are selectively lit. Alternatively, the display can include a seven-segment indicator for displaying the speed. Overload indication is also furnished, as is an automatic shutoff when the motor current exceeds its nominal value. The display, overload indication and shutoff, etc. are all computer-controlled.

Abstract: A voltage-frequency converter having a chargeable and dischargeable memory, a comparator circuit and a subsequent multivibrator, wherein the charging and/or discharging signal for the memory is obtained from special signal sources. At constant charging and discharging signals, a linear voltage-frequency conversion is provided. In the case of variable charging or discharging voltages, non-linear signal conversions are possible. The multivibrator may be a digital monostable multivibrator, to effect precise, reproducible and quantifiable period durations in the output signal of the converter, and thus a very precise voltage-frequency conversion.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle is proposed which opens toward the outside and functions with a valve needle and two springs, and further wherein a throttle restriction is effective after a first portion of the opening stroke, acting as a pre-stroke, and can be subsequently rendered ineffective. The two springs having a predetermined certain relationship to one another enable an abrupt increase in closing force after the pre-stroke. The first spring, embodied as a compression spring, acts in the closing direction; the second spring, having a smaller force than the first spring and acting counter to the closing direction, is rendered ineffective after the pre-stroke has been performed.

Abstract: A free-standing, self-supporting layer of glass-ceramic or crystallized glass is applied by thick-film technology over a presintered layer made of a vaporizable or etchable material which, after sintering the thick-film glass-ceramic or crystallized glass layer (3) to a substrate (1), is removed by heating or etching. The layer (2) to be removed is preferably applied in past form with the glass-ceramic thick-film layer (3) thereover either in form of a crossing bridge, as a partially covering cantilever, or entirely surrounding the layer 2, in which latter case the thick-vaporizable film layer (3) is of porous construction so that the volatile or components of the underlying layer (2) can escape through the thick-film layer (3). A typical layer which is volatile or vaporizable includes carbon black, a resin binder and a solvent, applied to a substrate, for example of ceramic or enameled metal, over which the glass-ceramic layer is applied.