Abstract: A sparkplug for internal combustion engines which has a central electrode extending to the ignition end. The central electrode has an electrically non-conductive core pin with an electrically conductive outer layer on the cylindrical surface of the core pin. The central electrode is positioned in the lengthwise bore of the sparkplug insulator portion, preferably without any clearance between the insulator and the ignition end portion of the central electrode. The core pin is preferably made of a material which has shrinkage characteristics and a thermal coefficient of expansion substantially the same as those of the insulator. Most preferably the same material is used for both components. The electrically conductive coating layer of the central electrode is preferably a conductive metal-ceramic mixture. The coating layer may be in the form of a resistance element and/or contain a pre-ignition discharge gap.

Abstract: A drilling tool has a drilling shaft member, a crown drilling member with an annular wall provided with a plurality of cutting edges and detachably mounted on the shaft member, a center drilling member detachably mounted on the shaft member inside the crown drilling member and having a further cutting edge, and elements for limiting a drilling depth of the tool when the center drilling member is mounted on the shaft member. Thereby, the operator of the drilling tool, after drilling a guiding groove in a rock, is forced to remove the center drilling member from the drilling tool and drill further without the center drilling member, which increases the drilling efficiency.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump in which the beginning of the fuel injection is set to "early" during the warming-up of the engine by means of an adjustable piston. The adjustment occurs by shifting the adjustable piston by a control member acting through an adjusting member.

Abstract: Safety glasses for use, in particular, in sporting activities comprise a frame to which two limbs are articulated, two lenses mounted on the inside of grooved retaining circles formed in the frame and a nose rest piece which fits together with the frame, is made of flexible material and has walls which form a part of the said grooved retaining circles. In such glasses therefore the lenses are partly held by flexible material which avoids their being broken in the case of a heavy blow as may for example occur when playing a sport. The risks therefore of cuts or injuries to the wearer of the glasses are reduced.

Abstract: To determine proper operation of a combustion sensor, and to normalize the output signals derived from a pick-up having a window exposed to the combustion chamber (10) by compensating for soiling, contamination, and loss of transmissivity of the window due to combustion residue, soot, or the like, a reference light source is provided introducing reference light of a predetermined level to the pick-up, for example when no light is generated due to combustoin events. In an internal combustion (IC) engine, the reference light can be energized during stopped condition of the engine, or during portions of the stroke of the engine when no combustion event takes place.

Abstract: A tailgate loader for a vehicle such as a truck. The loader includes an upper arm and a lower arm, both pivoted at one end to the rear of the vehicle, and both swingable in a vertical plane. The arms are in parallelogram linkage, and a platform is mounted on the short rearward arm of the parallelogram, so that it can swing between a stored position in which it overlies the upper arm, and an extended position in which it projects rearwardly from the upper arm. A hydraulic device is provided for swinging the arms about their pivot locations, and an opener assembly is provided for raising the platform from the stored position to a near-vertical position as the two arms swing downwardly about their pivot locations.

Abstract: In addition to a first storage circuit in which a sawtooth wave is generated for comparing the ramp voltage with a threshold voltage that is caused to vary with engine conditions, particularly engine speed, for determining when the interruptor switch of the primary circuit of an ignition coil is closed to begin buildup of current therein, an auxiliary storage circuit is provided for generating an auxiliary signal within the duration of which the sawtooth wave of the main charging circuit must return to its starting condition, and another pulse signal present during all but an initial portion of the auxiliary signal for rapidly returning that sawtooth wave to its beginning a new beginning, thus making a longer part of the ignition cycle available for variation of the duration of the period during which the interruptor switch is closed to allow buildup of current in the ignition coil.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump having a hydraulic governor is proposed wherein as a result of the use of a piston adjustable under rpm-dependent pressure counter to the action of governor springs, a very precise control is attainable with only small forces being brought to bear and with adjustment paths which are easily adaptable to given conditions.

Abstract: To exclude odors, drafts, insects and rodents from the necessary opening in a bathroom floor surrounding the tub drain, an open top dry enclosure box for the tub drain is placed in the floor opening in surrounding relationship to the drain components and includes an upper three-sided narrow suspension flange resting on the top floor surface. The enclosure box is provided in three of its side walls and its bottom wall with knock-out discs to provide a passageway through the enclosure box for either a horizontal or vertical drain pipe downstream from the drain trap, thereby rendering the drain box universal in its application to tub drains.

Abstract: The automatic transmission control unit in a motor vehicle furnishes a signal which signifies that motor torque is to be decreased, thereby decreasing jolts or wear on friction elements in the transmission. In response to this signal, the input or output signals of a motor control unit, for example either an ignition control stage or an injection control stage, are changed in such a way that the motor torque will be decreased. Circuits for delaying ignition timing, shortening the pulse width of injection pulses, etc. are disclosed. The present invention is essentially an adapter unit so that the desired decrease in motor torque can be effected with the injection or ignition timing units already present in the motor vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle in which a control piston acts on the valve needle, which control piston can also be acted upon by another fluid with an arbitrarily changeable pressure. In this manner it is relatively simple to meet the ever increasing requirements to apply an influence of engine characteristic values to the fuel injection process.

Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement of the mass of a flowing medium, such as for the measurement of the induced air mass in internal combustion engines which includes at least one temperature-dependent resistor film disposed in the flow of the medium, the temperature and/or resistance of the film being governed in accordance with the mass of the medium wherein the manipulated variable is a standard for the mass of the medium. The temperature-dependent resistor film is disposed in a region of stabilized flow in the flow cross section and, to this end, the temperature-dependent resistor film may be disposed either upstream of the narrowest cross section of a nozzle-like constriction wherein the pressure steadily decreases or in a gap having a laminar gap flow.

Abstract: A time correction value for each digital switching signal is determined and a set of switching control signals is formed which produce a progressive switching of the digital signal as a function of the time correction value. Each time correction value is stored until the following digital switching signal. The method improves chroma keying in digital color television systems.

Abstract: An adjusting device is proposed for controlling flowthrough cross sections of a line carrying operating medium in internal combustion engines. The throttle device which varies the flowthrough cross section is disposed, together with the electromechanical actuating member thereof, within a tubular housing and surrounded by an annular chamber. The dispensed operating medium flows from one connecting pipe to the other connecting pipe of the adjusting device through the annular chamber. In this manner, an adjusting device is created which can be built into hose-type lines in a linear fashion; the electromechanical actuating member, for instance an adjusting magnet, is necessarily cooled by the surrounding flow of the operating medium to be dispensed. Furthermore, a body having the form of a helical spring serves as a throttle device of the adjusting device. When it is compressed, this body, together with a flexible element, interrupts the communication between the annular chamber and the adjacent line.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed which can be shut off by a magnetic valve if there is a danger of engine "cranking". The magnetic valve is triggered via a switch system in which one switch is actuatable with the adjusting lever of the injection pump, wherein the magnetic valve is furthermore controllable by the supply pump pressure.

Abstract: An arrangement for aligning a drive shaft of a fluid-operated gear machine having a cover enclosing a housing of the machine is provided. The aligning arrangement includes a plate connected to the axial end face of the cover, which side is directed to a pair of meshing gears mounted within the housing of the machine. This plate is formed with an opening receiving the drive shaft without a play when the cover is placed in a position in which it sealingly closes the housing.

Abstract: The stator of a three phase AC generator is wound automatically. A first set of partial windings consitutes the first winding. Each of the partial windings has at least one turn. The first partial winding is wound in slots 1 and 4 in the clockwise direction, the second in slots 7 and 4 in the counterclockwise direction, etc. Before the second partial winding of the first set is wound, the first partial windings of the second and third phase are wound in slots 2 and 5 and 3 and 6, respectively. Similarly, after the counterclockwise winding in slots 4 and 7, the second partial windings of the second and third phase are wound in the counterclockwise direction in slots 8 and 5 and 9 and 6, respectively. This procedure is repeated until all slots are filled.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump, in particular a radial-piston pump having rotating cams, is proposed in which a reservoir is incorporated in the supply line leading from the supply pump to the pump work chamber, and in which a reservoir pressure is used at the same time for restoring the outset position of the pump pistons during the intake stroke.

Abstract: To prevent reverse-direction operation of an internal combustion (IC) engine to which the ignition system is connected which, possibly, may lead to dangerous conditions if the IC engine is used, for example in a chain saw, lawn mower, or the like, a diode (35) is connected across a second, ignition instant modifying R/C circuit (34, 33) in the control network (29) of the magneto ignition system, which includes a first R/C circuit (30, 31) to provide for immediate conduction of a control transistor (27) and hence blocking of a controlled ignition transistor (21) and disconnection of the ignition system in case of reverse rotation. This system is a further development of the basic ignition system described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,188,929, to which reference is made.

Abstract: The signals of one or more engine operating parameters, such as r.p.m. and throttle valve vacuum are altered by function generators to correspond to the desired relationship between ignition timing and the parameters that are taken into account. These altered signals are added together and conducted to a comparator that receives as a second input a time and r.p.m. dependent signal from a saw tooth generator, the output of the comparator being fed to the ignition device. .Iadd.