Abstract: The energy transfer derived from the ignition spark in the first or breakdown phase of a sparking event is matched to the speed of propagation of the ignition or flame front within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (ICE) 11. The number of spark flash-overs or breakdowns is made dependent on the conditions of the combustible mixture applied to the ICE, for example by providing signals representative of the mixture by sensing fuel and air throughput, as well as, preferably, speed, loading, and temperature of the engine.

Abstract: To permit external adjustment of a potentiometer (3) having an adjustment head (4), and located within a sealed housing (1), while permitting placement of an adjustment insert (7) from the outside of the housing through a bore (6) thereof, and compensate for manufacturing and positioning tolerances, the insert element is a unitary structure of a tough plastic, such as polyamide (nylon), sealingly inserted through the opening and retained in the opening by snap-over hooks (13) engaging over the inner wall (25) of the housing, and retaining a screw head (8) of the insert element therein. Longitudinal and transverse deviation from alignment of the axis of the opening (6) and the rotation axis of the adjustment element (4) of the potentiometer is obtained by resiliently deflectable cross-joints (14, 14'; 17, 18) formed in an intermediate portion of the insert element, which cross-joints are connected by a S-shaped resiliently deflectable connecting portion.

Abstract: A packaging container having a pressure relief valve which is suitable for packaging products that are vulnerable to oxygen and products that give off gases. The packaging container has at least one rigid and flat wall, which is surrounded by an offstanding peripheral flange and on the outside surface of which the pressure relief valve is secured. The pressure relief valve has a flexible membrane, which is secured on the wall in opposed peripheral zones by means of two adhesive strips. With its middle zone, the membrane defines a path and covers an opening in the wall. The opening is located in an indentation by means of which a pressure-action surface of the membrane is provided. A film of oil may be added in the middle zone to assist in preventing entrance of air into the container.

Abstract: The injection pump has a pump piston driven with a constant stroke which pumps fuel at injection pressure to an injection nozzle so long as an electrically actuated overflow valve blocks the flow of the fuel overflowing via an overflow conduit to a low-pressure chamber. The overflow valve is a needle valve, the valve needle of which, opening inward toward a pressure chamber that can be placed under injection pressure, by means of a conical closing surface radially defining a needle tip controls a valve seat that widens conically toward the pressure chamber. The cone angle of the closing surface is larger than the cone angle of the associated valve seat and the closing surface forms a sealing edge, the diameter of which is equal to or only slightly smaller than the guide diameter of the guide shank on the valve member.

Abstract: An apparatus including a computer for generating a time duration signal is proposed, intended in particular for controlling fuel metering or ignition processes in internal combustion engines, wherein the time duration signal is formed in accordance with the formulati=(R+K.multidot.Z)/fclwhere Z is the counting range of a counter associated with the computer, k is the number of counting processes, fcl is the counting frequency and R is a remainder value. In accordance with the above formula, the counter first counts downward from this remainder value R and then, for a desired number k of counting processes, runs through the total counting range. In the case of an 8-bit counter, for instance, this counting range value is 256.

Abstract: A hydraulic control arrangement for height regulation of an agricultural vehicle has a control valve with a control slider provided with a first piston portion with a control edge and a second piston portion with a throttle point. In the positions of neutral and lifting of the control slider the control edge blocks the communication from a control chamber to a working chamber which is connected with a spring chamber of a throttle valve. In the position of lifting the control edge opens and the pressure medium flows via the throttle point from the working chamber in the control chamber. Thereby the pressure in the spring chamber of the throttle valve is lifted. Therefore a lower neutral circulating pressure and a higher pressure level in the position of lifting is possible.

Abstract: The temperature sensing circuit includes a source of constant current I.sub.S, a voltage divider R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and an output transistor T.sub.1 whose base collector circuit is connected parallel to the first resistor and whose base emitter circuit is connected parallel to the second resistor. An auxiliary source of current having a positive temperature coefficient is connected in series with the first resistor of the voltage divider to cause a voltage drop thereon having an opposite temperature coefficient than the output voltage U.sub.S generated at the collector-emitter circuit of the output transistor.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electric measuring instrument with a connecting cable, preferably an inductive bar sensor for measuring the speed of rotating bodies, which emits electric signals in relation to the rotational speed of the body. To allow that the manufacturing and testing of the measuring instrument (10) can be carried out as economically as possible, the measuring device preferably consists of two prefabricated components (27, 28) joined in such a way that they are interlocking and moisture-proof, namely the actual measuring device consisting of a coil (13), a coil form (14), a permanent magnet (17), a flow conductor piece (15), a pole shoe (16), conductor rails (18) and a housing (20), and a connector piece (25) embedding the end of the connecting cable (22) with the conductor ends (23). Such measuring instruments (10) can be used in motor vehicles or in industry, as temperature probes, pressure sensors, rotational speed sensors or speed sensors for rotating bodies, etc.

Abstract: A method of controlling fuel mixture supply to an internal combustion engine having fuel injection system in which the quantity of fuel is metered in dependency on gas pedal position and the quantity of air is subsequently metered in dependency on the position of the throttling plate. The method employs a preliminary control with superposed extreme value regulation. For this purpose, the injection time interval or the throttle plate position are adjusted in dependency on the gas pedal position and on the rotary speed of the engine. During the operation of the engine, test cycles are continuously established and according to the reaction of the engine to the tests, the adjustment of the injection time interval and of the throttle plate position are made. The method is suitable particularly for internal combustion engine used in motor vehicles.

Abstract: An injection nozzle for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, the nozzle being arranged to inject fuel into the intake tube of the engine. The injection valve includes a valve housing of ferromagnetic material, in which a tubular connection element which functions as a core with which an armature is arranged to cooperate. Joined to the valve housing is a nozzle body having a valve seat with which a sealing section of a nozzle needle also arranged to cooperate. The nozzle needle is guided by guide sections in a guide bore of the nozzle body, and the guide section adjacent to the sealing section is provided with metering bores. By metering fuel upstream of the valve seat, the fuel metering operation is prevented from being impaired by deposits.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump which has a shutoff device for the fuel supply to the pump work chamber, comprising a magnetic valve, which controls an intake bore to the work chamber of the fuel injection pump. The fuel injection pump further has a relief conduit, which is connected by an annular slide on the pump piston with the suction chamber in order to terminate the effective supply stroke of the pump piston. In order to assure reliable shutoff of the fuel supply to the pump work chamber, a check valve is further disposed in the connection between the pump work chamber and the suction chamber, which check valve is closed, during the intake stroke of the pump piston, with the collaboration of the pressure drop from the suction chamber to the pump work chamber.

Abstract: In the case of sensors having a characteristic for which the offset in the quiescent condition has a first temperature coefficient and the slope of the characteristic has a second temperature coefficient, while the quotient of the offset and slope coefficients is approximately constant, a point can be determined in which the characteristics for different temperatures (T) intercept. A temperature corrected measurement value can be determined, preferably with a microcomputer, from the sensor signal, the coordinates of the above-described intersection point, the sensor temperature and the temperature coefficient either of the offset or of the slope.

Abstract: An rpm governor for fuel injection pumps of internal combustion engines having two governor levers, namely a first lever engaged by a governor spring and a second lever which actuates the injection quantity control member and is engaged in the opposite direction from the governor spring by an rpm signal transducer, and having an intermediate spring between the two levers, is proposed, in which the intermediate spring is embodied as a spring package of relatively stiffer and softer springs in line with one another, of which the stiffer spring is effective for brief variations in force while the softer spring is contrarily effective for longer-lasting force effects. Structurally, this is attained by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic damping member (dashpot) which receives the softer spring.

Abstract: A ball joint that cannot be disassembled intended for use in a brake booster. The ball joint comprises a first, substantially rod-like component, which has a ball head; a second component, which has an insertion opening, which narrows in funnel-like fashion in the area of its beginning and is provided with an annular groove spaced apart from the beginning, a radially elastic securing ring, which is insertable into the insertion opening and lockable into place in the annular groove, as well as a sleeve, which has an annular groove for receiving the securing ring during the insertion into the insertion opening until it locks into place in the detent provided by the annular groove of the outer component. The sleeve surrounds the ball head in an articulated and undetachable manner.

Abstract: An injection valve for preparing fuel injected into an intake tube of an internal combustion engine and an injection valve for performing the method are proposed. The injection valve includes a movable valve element, which cooperates with a fixed valve seat, downstream of which the fuel reaches fuel guide bores inclined relative to the valve axis and this fuel discharges into a preparation bore at a distance (a) on the bottom from the wall. The fuel flowing via the fuel guide bores at first exits freely from the discharge openings of the fuel guide bores into the preparation bore and subsequently arrives at the wall of the preparation bore, from where it flows in the form of a film, distributed over the wall, toward the open end of the preparation bore and is ejected into the aspirated air of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An induction motor is suggested with a permanent magnet rotor and a stator which is excited electromagnetically by an alternating field, whereby an electrically conductive rotor outer part (17) is mounted between a freely rotatable permanent magnetic rotor inner part (16) and the stator poles (11,12) in the form of a hollow cylinder or a short circuit cage. The rotor outer part (17) rotates in form of a cage runner asynchronous and drives the connected load, after the start of the permanent magnetic inner part (16) which runs synchronous in the continuous operation. A rotating direction arresting device (36,37) assures a defined rotating direction of a drive shaft (27).

Abstract: An apparatus for removing solid particles from internal combustion engine exhaust gases is proposed, in which the flow of exhaust gas travels at a high speed of more than 2.5 m/sec through an elongated tube (4), in which a corona discharge takes place from a coaxial spray disk/electrode arrangement toward the wall of the tube. Inside the tube, the soot particles are agglomerated to form larger particles, which are not deposited on the walls because of the high flow speed, which then carries them to a centrifugal precipitator, leading away from which are a tube carrying scrubbed exhaust gas and an outlet having a small quantity of exhaust gas highly enriched with soot. This soot-enriched flow of exhaust gas can advantageously be recirculated to the intake side of the associated engine for afterburning.

Abstract: In a windshield wiper, which includes a wiper arm carrying a wiper blade and driven by a wiper shaft to oscillate against a windshield pane being wiped, a lever mechanism is provided, which imparts to the wiper arm additionally a straight-line shifting movement in the direction of elongation of the wiper arm. The lever mechanism includes two four-joint guides, each of which includes two rocking levers positioned at two sides relative to the axis of the wiper arm, and a coupling rod which is connected by joints to each of the rocking levers and to the wiper arm.

Abstract: To retain end portions (10,11) of armature conductors in slots (6, 37) formed in radially projecting lugs (5) of armature segments (2) of a commutator (1), the side walls of the slots are formed with a deviation from a plane surface, for example by a recess (7) or an inwardly extending projection (38), and the end portions (10, 11) of the windings are then placed in the slot and deformed under punch or stamping pressure to form, together with the recess or the region adjacent the projection, an interfitting projection-and-recess connection which will withstand high centrifugal forces, and prevent loosening of the connection under conditions of shock, vibration, high temperatures and temperature changes, to make the connection particularly suitable for installation in mobile, typically automotive dynamo electric machines.

Abstract: An electric potentiometer used for conversion of a rotating movement into an electrical value. The potentiometer has a wiper passing across a resistance path and, on the other end, the wiper is rotatingly coupled with a bearing shaft. The resistance path is disposed on a mounting plate next to which is disposed on the intake pipe wall an elongated plug, made of plastic by injection molding, in which are embedded contact prongs, which are connected on the other side in an electrically conducting manner with connecting contacts extending generally perpendicular to the contact prongs.