Abstract: The homo- or copolymerization of ethylene at temperatures of 150.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. and pressures of 300 to 3500 bar is carried out in the presence of catalysts having an organometallic compound of a metal of Group III of the Periodic Table of the Elements and a titanium compound. The titanium compound is the reaction product of (a) a titanic acid ester and (b) the product of the reaction of a magnesium alcoholate and a halogen-containing aluminum alkyl compound.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of aldehydes by reacting olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprised of rhodium in metallic form or as a compound and a water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt of a mono, di or trisulfonated arylphosphine.

Abstract: The preparation of aldehydes by the reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of water and water-soluble rhodium/phosphine complex compounds as catalysts. The method comprises first cooling the organic part of the liquid phase to 70.degree. to 90.degree. C. in a stripping column by treatment with the carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture fed into the reactor, further cooling the organic part to 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. by heat exchange with the feed olefin, subsequently relieving the pressure with the consequent formation of waste gas and aqueous and organic phases, and finally separating the phases so as to recover substantially all of the catalyst and the heat of reaction.

Abstract: A process for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is disclosed wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of a catalyst containing an oxide of a first metal selected from the transition metals of Group IV and a second metal selected from Group VIII of the periodic table. The reaction takes place at a reaction temperature of between about 250.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. and a reaction pressure of between about 10 and 30 bar.

Abstract: An improved ram extruder for the production of plastic pipe, especially plastic pipe of high molecular weight low pressure polyethylene, which comprises an extrusion die, heating means for heating polymer to be extruded, a ram which is reciprocated in the extrusion die, means for reciprocating said extrusion die and a mandrel which determines the inside diameter of plastic pipe to be extruded, the mandrel being rigidly connected with the ram. Also disclosed is a process for ram extruding plastic pipe by the use of such a ram extruder, especially a process for the formation of plastic pipe of high molecular weight low pressure polyethylene of molecular weight of more than 500,000. A pipe or tube of high molecular weight low pressure polyethylene of molecular weight more than 500,000 is also disclosed together with its use as a liner for a steel pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the discharge of residues of ash-containing fuels occurring during gasification of coal. The hot mixture of residues and water is separated in a separating chamber, whereby the residues enter a lock vessel situated under the separating chamber. The hot water is recycled to the water bath situated under the gasification reactor. After the lock vessel has been filled with residue, the hot water in the separating chamber is cooled or replaced by cold water. The discharge of the residues is pressureless and is effected by a stream of water flowing through the separating chamber into the lock vessel. Separating chamber and lock vessel remain filled with water at all times.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms using rhodium catalysts in a low pressure process, wherein the waste gas from the low pressure plant containing the olefin is compressed and used in a high pressure plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine containing 1,3-diaminopropane as an impurity. Dimethylaminopropionitrile is formed by adding dimethylamine to acrylonitrile, and is then converted by subsequent hydrogenation and distillation into N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine. The impurity 1,3-diaminopropane is removed by adding a metal salt of a transition element which forms a stable complex with the 1,3-diaminopropane.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of free-flowing homopolymer and copolymer waxes by heating the solid or molten waxes in aqueous ammonia solution.

Abstract: A coal-water suspension containing 50 to 75 percent by weight coal, based on the weight of the suspension, the bulk of the coal having a particle size of 50 to 500 .mu.m, the proportion of the particles having a diameter greater than 0.5 mm in the coal being less than 15 percent by weight and the particle size distribution curve of the coal in the Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution grid according to DIN 4190 having a slope of .gtoreq.1; a process for the production of such water-coal suspension which is suitable for use in coal gasification under elevated pressure by mixing lump coal with water directly, the water being added in a concentration just sufficient to form a water-coal dust suspension suitable for the gasification reaction and grinding the resultant suspension in a disc attrition mill, a toothed disc attrition mill or a toothed colloid mill.

Abstract: The continuous preparation of aldehydes from olefins and synthesis gas by the use of a water-soluble catalyst system containing rhodium. The reaction takes place at 100 to 30,000 kPa and 90.degree. to 150.degree. C. The proportion of gaseous components in the liquids is 5 to 30% by volume, based on the total gaseous and liquid components, the volume ratio of aqueous to organic parts being 1:1 to 100:1. After completion of the reaction, the liquid components and the gaseous components are separated into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, then the liquid phase is divided into aqueous and organic parts, separation taking place without previous cooling. The heat contained in the reaction product is either removed by water or steam, or is carried over to the hydroformylation products.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing 3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethylpropanal from isobutyraldehyde, dimethylamine and a source of formaldehyde is disclosed wherein the process is carried out at a pH value of 9 to 11.

Abstract: An improved solar-selective layer and method for producing the same on suitable substrates is discussed. In accordance with this invention, a metal layer is first of all deposited on a suitable substrate of a collector and is then oxidized at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method for the production of homogeneous coatings of a substance comprising at least two metals and/or metal compounds on a substrate, which method comprises depositing the substance from a gas or liquid phase from dinuclear or polynuclear mixed metal compounds via a four step process comprising heating the substance to 85-90% of a final temperature over a period of 5 to 20 minutes, reducing the temperature to a second temperature which is 2/3 of said final temperature, maintaining the second temperature for 11/2 to 21/2 hours, raising the second temperature over a period of 20 to 40 minutes, and maintaining the final temperature for 1 to 2 hours. The coated materials are, for example, useful for coating solar collectors with an .alpha. of at least 0.70 and an .epsilon. no greater than 0.30.

Abstract: To recover a hydroformylation catalyst system containing rhodium and phosphine, the aqueous solution containing the catalyst system is mixed with acid and then extracted with an amine which is dissolved in an organic solvent. The organic phase is separated and treated with the aqueous solution of an inorganic base, thereby recovering the catalyst in essentially pure form as an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for drying finely particulate solids in a carrier gas stream conducted along a helical path. The apparatus consists of an externally heated and cooled flow tube centrically surrounding a similarly heated and cooled inner body. Guide means helically arranged in succession in the flow direction are situated between the flow tube and inner body, and are formed as aerofoil-like curved or flat plates and are distributed over the whole length of the inner body. These guide means are designed as a self-supporting structure not secured to the inner body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing pumpable coal-water suspensions by grinding pre-comminuted coal with water in a packed column in a ratio corresponding to the composition of the suspension ready for use. The addition of water or coal is controlled by measuring the density of the suspension leaving the mill, and the grain size of the coal particles is controlled by measuring the viscosity of the suspension. The density and viscosity of the coal-water suspension are simultaneously mutually adjusted. The addition of additives to the water is regulated according to the amount of coal added to the mill. The coal-water suspension can be fed to a coal gasification reactor without substantially changing the relative amounts of coal and water in said suspension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the stabilization of a carbonaceous combustible solid-diesel fuel suspension by inclusion therein of wax-like polymers in an amount of at least 0.2% by weight of the stabilized suspension. The polymers preferred are homopolymers of .alpha. -olefins, and copolymers of ethylene and at least one other monomer copolymerizable therewith wherein the ethylene portion constitutes at least 60% by weight of the copolymer.

Abstract: In order to improve the combustion of diesel engine fuels, mixtures of neutral salts of carboxylic acids and metals of Atomic Nos. 57 to 71 and free carboxylic acids are added thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ethanol and n-propanol by reacting methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated pressure and temperature. A system consisting of a cobalt compound, a ruthenium compound, an iodide, and an organic phosphine serves as the catalyst. The organic phosphine contains a group having a --SO.sub.3 M, --COOM or --OSO.sub.3 M radical.