Abstract: The method provides methods and compositions for treating metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance, elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and fatty liver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating or preventing a metabolic disorder in a subject, methods of treating or preventing coronary artery disease in a subject with a metabolic disorder, as well as methods of reducing hepatic glucose production in a subject. Such methods include, but are not limited to, the administration to the subject of inhibitors or activators of CaMKII, IP3Rs, calcineurin, p38, MK2/3, HDAC4, Dach1, Dach2, or any combination thereof. The invention also provides methods of identifying a compound that inhibits the activity of CaMKII, IP3Rs, calcineurin, p38, MK2/3, HDAC4, Dach1 or Dach2, or reduces the activity and/or activation of CaMKII, IP3Rs, calcineurin, p38, MK2/3, HDAC4, Dach1 or Dach, or activates CaMKII, IP3Rs, calcineurin, p38, MK2/3, HDAC4, Dach1 or Dach2.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for the modulation of glucose homeostasis and/or the treatment of metabolic diseases. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods and compositions for the modulation of histone deacetylases. such as Class IIa histone deacetylases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for synthesizing terpenoid compounds, as well as compositions comprising terpenoids and methods for their use. In one aspect the process is represented by the scheme wherein G is X is and R1, R2 and R3 independently are selected from H, acyl, lower alkyl and aralkyl; and Y is —O—, —S— or —NH—, and R4 is selected from H, acyl, lower alkyl and aralkyl.

Abstract: Methods for heart regeneration are provided. The invention provided herein includes methods of modulating proliferation of cardiomyocytes using small molecules and micro RNAs. In embodiments, the methods provided may be used to increase proliferation or cardiomyocytes. Further provided are methods to be used for the treatment of myocardial infarction.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel compounds that have a variety of properties, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Invention compounds, therefore, have the ability to impart a variety of beneficial physiological effects, e.g., to protect neurons and/or to promote neuroregeneration and/or to promote memory formation and/or to act as protein phosphatase or kinase inhibitors and/or to act as lipoxygenase inhibitors. Such compounds are useful for treatment of a variety of indications, including neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, diabetes, ischemia associated with heart disease, and memory deficit. In another aspect of the present invention, there are also provided formulations containing one or more of the above-described compounds, optionally further containing additional neurologically active compound(s) and/or adjuvants to facilitate delivery thereof across the blood/brain barrier.

Abstract: Provided herein are, inter alia, transgenic plants with altered ethylene sensitivity. The transgenic plants provided herein express an EIN2 protein including an amino acid mutation at a position corresponding to position 645 of SEQ ID NO:1. Expression of the EIN2 protein carrying the mutation at position 645 will result in plants with modulated ethylene sensitivity. In some embodiments, the mutation at position 645 of the EIN2 protein will result in plants with increased ethylene sensitivity. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the mutation at position 645 of the EIN2 protein will result in plants with decreased ethylene sensitivity.

Abstract: Composition and methods are provided to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into chondrocytes. The method comprises the steps of contacting the pluripotent stem cells with an AB2 chimeric polypeptide under conditions suitable for grown and proliferation of the cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides neuroprotective polyphenol compounds, which can be synthetic analogs of fisetin, baicalein or chlorogenic acid, that maintain neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, glutathione promoting, and/or antioxidant properties. The neuroprotective polyphenol compounds are useful for promoting, enhancing and/or increasing neuron protection, growth and/or regeneration. The polyphenol compounds further find use for increasing and or maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. The polyphenol compounds are also useful for treating, preventing, mitigating and/or delaying neurodegenerative conditions, including diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, non-Alzheimer's dementias, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury or ALS.

Abstract: The method provides methods and compositions for treating metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance, elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and fatty liver.

Abstract: Provided herein are, inter alia, methods of generating vascular progenitor cells from primary cells without reprogramming the primary cell into a pluripotent stem cell. The vascular progenitors provided herein may be used to form endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. Further provided are isolated mutlitpotent cells useful to form vascular progenitor cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chimeric protein that includes an N-terminus coupled to a C-terminus, where the N-terminus includes a portion of a paracrine fibroblast growth factor (“FGF”) and the C-terminus includes a C-terminal portion of an FGF19 molecule. The portion of the paracrine FGF is modified to decrease binding affinity for heparin and/or heparan sulfate compared to the portion without the modification. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions including chimeric proteins according to the present invention, methods for treating a subject suffering from diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, and methods of screening for compounds with enhanced binding affinity for the ?Klotho-FGF receptor complex involving the use of chimeric proteins of the present invention.

Abstract: Nutraceutical formulations that improve cognitive function in adults diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease are provided, which comprise a combination of fisetin and DHA.

Abstract: Retinal prostheses are configured to apply retinal stimulus signals based on retinal cell classification such as cell types or cell clusters identified based on retinal cell signals. Cell types are identified based on spontaneous or induced retinal electrical signals and analyzed based on temporal patterns of electrical activity, spatio-temporal voltage waveforms, and signal correlations that can be obtained from temporal spike patterns. Cell type indications are stored, and a signals are applied to the retina based on the stored cell type indications.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns antimicrobial compositions and methods for immunoenhancement, for example methods of increasing production of a type I interferon (IFN) in response to pathogen infection, by administration of a TAM receptor inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the disclosure concerns methods of using a TAM receptor inhibitor to treat a viral or bacterial infection in a subject.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and compositions useful for screening inhibitors of aggregation mediated proteotoxicity. The disclosure provides transgenic animals and cell useful for such screening. Also provided are compounds useful for inhibiting aggregation mediated proteotoxicity in a subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for generating vascular progenitor cells that can in turn be differentiated into endothelial, smooth muscle, and hematopoietic cells. The present methods provide a faster, safer, and more efficient in vitro differentiation program than existing methodologies. The differentiated cells can be used for research and therapeutic applications, such as cell transplantation.

Abstract: A method of treating increased non-LTR retrotransposition in a cell. The method includes exposing a neural cell to a retrotransposition inhibitor in an amount sufficient to decrease the non-LTR retrotransposition in the neural cell or a progeny of the neural cell. In various embodiments, the non-LTR retrotransposition involves at least one L1 retrotransposon. Also provided is a method of assaying retrotransposition in neural cells. The method includes sorting synchronized neural cells of the same genetic background into single neural cells, and subjecting one or more of the sorted single neural cells to quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification of at least one retrotransposon. In addition, a method of identifying an inhibitor of retrotransposition and a identifying a neural condition associated with non-LTR retrotransposition are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: an input configured to receive information indicative of sensed light locations; memory coupled to the input and storing indicia of receptive fields forming a mosaic, each of the receptive fields corresponding to an electrode, the mosaic including first and receptive fields having first and second shapes that are different, the memory further storing instructions; a processor coupled to the input and the memory and configured to read and execute the instructions to: analyze the information indicative of sensed light locations; determine, for each of respective ones of the sensed light locations, one or more receptive fields that include the corresponding sensed light location; and produce excitation indicia; the apparatus further including an output coupled to the processor and configured to be coupled to a retinal implant and to convey the excitation indicia toward the retinal implant.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for increasing p53-dependent transcriptional activity in a cell.