Abstract: A Max-Min processing circuit for a Fuzzy controller includes using a pipe lined architecture. The circuit includes a first memory initialized with input values of first dimensional information, a second memory initialized with label matrixes of second dimensional informations as the number of control rules.times.the number of channels, and a third memory for generating membership signals of a label determined by signals of the first memory and the second memory. The circuit generates minimum values by comparing the membership signals of the third memory in sequence, and maximum values by comparing the minimum values in sequence.

Abstract: A projector with a detachable liquid crystal panel. A lamp emits a certain amount of focused source light rays. A reflector reflects the focused source rays of the lamp into uniform spread light rays. A planar reflector reflects the spread light rays of the reflector into planar light rays. A Fresnel lens focuses the planar light rays of the planar reflector. A detachable LCD panel section rotatingly transmits the incident focused light rays from the Fresnel lens in accordance with a picture data to be displayed. An image-forming optical system for forming images from the incident light rays incoming from the LCD panel section. A small LCD panel is detachably formed in an LCD projector. Thus, if the surrounding illumination is bright, pictures can be viewed by attaching the LCD panel to an LCD TV. If the pictures are to be watched through a large screen, the LCD panel is attached to the LCD projector so as to magnify the pictures.

Abstract: A wire bonding apparatus includes a frame, an X, Y, table, installed on the frame, including a linear stepping motor with a first stator and a first inductor, a transducer, pivotably installed on the X, Y table, to one end of which a capillary for bonding wire is installed, a first transferring portion installed to the frame to make the other end of the transducer ascend so that the capillary for wire bonding ascends, a second transferring portion installed on the X, Y table in front of the first transferring portion to, thereby, make the other end of the transducer ascend during bonding, and a first location detecting portion installed to the frame and the X, Y table to detect an amount of movement in the X and Y directions so that energy loss according to the driving of a head portion can be reduced.

Abstract: A linear sensor camera comprises an image information converter for receiving image information, electronically scanning the image information, and converting the scanned image information into an electric signal having a regular period. The spatial frequency modulation of the electric signal output from the image information converter is determined for one scanning period, and the quantity of the electric signal is controlled in accordance with the spatial frequency modulation determination. When the spatial frequency modulation is low, the quantity of the outputted electric signal is decreased, thereby permitting the image information processing speed to be increased.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a package accommodating a semiconductor chip, and a plurality of connecting leads. One end portion of each connecting lead being attached to the semiconductor chip by an adhesive member and the other end portion thereof being external to the package and connected to a circuit substrate. The semiconductor device further includes at least one heat-emitting lead whose one end portion is attached to the semiconductor chip by the adhesive member and whose other end portion is external to the package and is separated from the circuit substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a heat-emitting body inserted into the adhesive member and having one portion thereof connected to the heat-emitting lead.

Abstract: A high-speed flash charging system for a camera accelerates flash charging time by storing electrical energy in capacitors in a first charging section when photographing is started after power is applied. When the flash is to be emitted, the system transforms the stored energy and charges a second set of capacitors to be used for powering the flash. After charge is transferred from a capacitor in the first set to the second set, the system determines whether enough charge is present in the second set to activate the flash. If there is not enough charge present, another capacitor from the first set is discharged.

Abstract: A zoom lens system using inexpensive lens materials and having a high magnification zoom ratio of more than 2 times and good aberration performance. A first lens group has a positive refractive power, and a second lens group has a negative refractive power. The distance between the first lens group and the second lens group varies during zooming. 0.37<f.sub.I /(f.sub.bT -f.sub.bw)<0.7; m.sub.2T /m.sub.2w >2.0, where f.sub.I is a combined focal length of the first lens group, f.sub.bT is a back focus distance at a telephoto position f.sub.bw is a back focus distance at a wide angle position, m.sub.2T is a magnification of the second lens group at a telephoto position, and m.sub.2w is a magnification of the second lens group at a wide angle position.

Abstract: A camera having an automatic flash function according to a charge amount and a method includes a microcontroller for flashing a strobe and carrying out a photograph when a photograph with a suitable exposure can be obtained with a presently charged voltage. A transient, spontaneous image can be obtained after the microcontroller determines a relationship between a measured distance from an object to be photographed and the charged voltage of the strobe when a release switch for the photograph is operated even while the strobe is being charged. The camera includes a power switch, a first step release switch, a second step release switch, an automatic distance measuring circuit, a brightness measuring circuit, the strobe, the shutter and a motor driving circuit which are all connected to the microcontroller.

Abstract: An autofocusing apparatus including a device for irradiating a light ray toward an object; a device for sensing a light beam corresponding to the image of the object and the light ray reflected off of the object; a device for indicating to the user of the apparatus that the light ray has hit the object based on the result of the sensing by the sensing device. In another embodiment, the autofocusing apparatus includes a device for indicating to the user which portion of the object has been hit by the light ray.

Abstract: A control circuit for operating a camera in the B shutter mode includes a microcontroller for computing an appropriate film exposure time period based on a measurement of ambient light in a scene to be photographed. Under the control of a user-actuated shutter switch, the microcontroller opens the camera shutter, counts off the computed exposure time period, and closes the shutter at the end thereof. The control circuit includes the capability of permitting the user to compensate the computed exposure time period, abort the computed exposure time period, end the computed exposure time period prematurely, and select an exposure time period in place of the computed exposure time period. Exposure times are displayed to facilitate user compensation, premature conclusion, and independent selection of the film exposure time period, in order to facilitate successful practice of time exposure photography.

Abstract: A film winding system for a disposable camera. The system includes a spring coupled to rotate a film spool through a spool gear, a sprocket engaged with holes in the film, a cam on a common axis with the sprocket, and a mechanism for engaging the spool drive gears to stop the rotation of the spool after the film has advanced one frame.

Abstract: A film transfer device of a camera, which consists of a charging means for controlling one frame transfer of a film. The charging means is engaged with a winding part and a rewind spindle RS. A sprocket is designed to rotate independently from the winding part and the rewind spindle RS. A second clutch means is provided to compensate for the speed difference between the sprocket and the winding part on film winding or between the sprocket and the rewind spindle on film rewinding.

Abstract: A system for controlling a brushless DC motor which can minimize a torque ripple of a motor, thus reducing minute vibrations of the motor and loading devices and increasing efficiency. The system includes a current command generator for producing a current command signal by multiplying a wave form of the current command signal in correspondence to position information by the desired size of the current command signal; a current controller for controlling actual current in the motor to follow the current command signal produced from the current command generator, in response to a feedback error control signal having proportion, integral, and differential elements, and producing a signal for turning ON/OFF following the current command; and an inverter circuit for controlling switching elements to be turned ON/OFF by the signal produced from the current controller, and the desired amount of current to be applied to three-phase coils by a power supply unit.

Abstract: A shutter driving system for a camera including a motor gear, an automatic exposing gear, an opening lever, an automatic focusing gear, an automatic focusing ring, and a locking member. The system controls the locking member for accurate automatic focusing.

Abstract: A method for making a lead frame comprising overflow plating the lead frame to form a plating layer thereon; and heating the plated lead frame at a predetermined temperature to rearrange the plating layer. Therefore, the rearrangement of the overflow-plated lead frame, by thermal treatment, effectively eliminates the number of pores formed in the plating layer of the lead frame, thereby greatly reducing the number of corrosive portions.

Abstract: A printer film carrier turning apparatus for obtaining a photograph by irradiating light onto a film comprises a film carrier for supporting the film, a carrier supporting table for supporting the film carrier parallel with the film to make the film carrier turn through a 90.degree. range, and a light diffusion box for diffusing illuminance light to uniformly illuminate a film range which is to be printed. The film turning apparatus is constructed such that the film carrier turns in unison with the light diffusion box. Therefore, transferring rollers of the film carrier cannot interfere with the light diffusion box, which allows the light diffusion box to be placed very close to the film carrier and thereby increases the efficiency of the light source. Also, the film carrier can be turned in unison with the light diffusion box, thereby improving the operating mechanism.

Abstract: A zoom lens system using inexpensive plastic lens materials and having a good aberration performance and good optical performance includes a first lens group having a positive refractive power and a second lens group having a negative refractive power, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being variable during zooming, wherein 37<(F.sub.I .multidot.f.sub.bT /D.sub.T .multidot.f.sub.bW)<48; and 2.5<D.sub.T /N.sub.nI <3.5 where f.sub.I is focal length of the first lens group, f.sub.bT is back focus distance at a telephoto position, f.sub.bW is back focus distance at a wide angle position, D.sub.T is distance between the first lens group and the second lens group at a telephoto position, and N.sub.nI is refractive ratio of the lens having a negative refractive power in the first lens group.

Abstract: A system for compensating for color deviation in image light of an object obtained by an image capturing and reproducing apparatus, which comprises a color temperature measuring circuit for detecting the color temperature of the light rays around the object, a color coordinate operation circuit for processing the color data generated by the color temperature measuring circuit so as to obtain color coordinates, a control circuit for obtaining a color deviation compensation value, based on the color coordinates to produce a color deviation compensation signal, and a color compensation circuit for supplying color deviation compensated image light to the image capturing and reproducing apparatus responsive to the color deviation compensation signal.

Abstract: An automatic film winding/rewinding device and related control method for prevention of film exposure to light due to leaving non-rewound film in a camera for a long time or due to a operator mistakingly opening the back cover of the camera. In operation, the device automatically rewinds the film when the camera power switch is turned off for a long period of time. The device winds the film back to the next frame position when the camera is turned on so that the remaining film is fully utilized. Further, the device allows the film to be rewound if the back cover is opened. The device includes a film number sensor for sensing the perforation number of the film as the film is wound and produces an electric signal corresponding to the number of the perforation of the film.

Abstract: A current limiter of a voltage/frequency type inverter which comprises a comparator for comparing an output current to an applied reference value to generate a current comparator output signal; a delay circuit, coupled to the comparator, for delaying the timing of the current comparator output signal for a predetermined time duration to generate a current limiting signal based on the result of the comparison; and a pulse output circuit for outputting a predetermined pulse based on the current limiting signal.