Abstract: A photoacoustic spectroscopy method and apparatus for maintaining an acoustic source frequency on a sample cell resonance frequency comprising: providing an acoustic source to the sample cell, the acoustic source having a source frequency; repeatedly and continuously sweeping the source frequency across the resonance frequency at a sweep rate; and employing an odd-harmonic of the source frequency sweep rate to maintain the source frequency sweep centered on the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A spectrographic apparatus and method comprising providing a spectrometer, digitizing a sample spectrum in a spectral range that includes at least one feature of an analyte, and comparing, via a linear least squares computation, the sample spectrum to a spectrum known to closely approximate the sample spectrum at a reference condition and to one or more derivatives of the known spectrum taken with respect to one or more parameters of the reference condition.

Abstract: A tone burst spectrometer and spectrometry method comprising employing a narrow bandwidth light source, a tone burst modulation waveform generator, synchronization of a lock-in amplifier to a burst frequency of the generator, and one or more of the following: use of a semiconductor laser; setting the tone frequency of the generator to an integer multiple of the burst frequency; using a tone modulation waveform other than a sine wave; setting the tone frequency of the generator to less than a half width at half maximum of a targeted spectral transition; and producing a spectral feature with a high signal to noise ratio while synchronizing the lock-in amplifier to the tone frequency of the generator or an odd harmonic of the tone frequency and wherein the output of the lock-in amplifier is low pass filtered and negative feedback is employed to stabilize the operating wavelength at or near a center wavelength of a spectral feature of the sample.

Abstract: A photoacoustic spectroscopy method and apparatus for maintaining an acoustic source frequency on a sample cell resonance frequency comprising: providing an acoustic source to the sample cell to generate a photoacoustic signal, the acoustic source having a source frequency; continuously measuring detection phase of the photoacoustic signal with respect to source frequency or a harmonic thereof; and employing the measured detection phase to provide magnitude and direction for correcting the source frequency to the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A non-invasive electro-optic probe and probe method for probing electric fields in semiconductor devices comprising directing laser output at a semiconductor device to be probed employing a laser having an operating wavelength such that photon energy of a second harmonic wavelength of the operating wavelength is below the band gap of a semiconductor comprised by the semiconductor device and detecting second harmonic wavelength but not operating wavelength radiation from the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A wavelength modulated photoacoustic spectrometry system and method comprising: generating light from a light source; passing the light through a sample area; sampling sound produced by the light passing through the sample area with an acoustic detector; and controlling wavelength of the light with a wavelength controller, wherein the wavelength controller modulates the wavelength according to a waveform comprising square components.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device having a self-contained stored energy membrane for expelling fluids at a precisely controlled rate, which is of a compact, laminate construction. The device is of very low profile so that it can conveniently be used for the precise delivery of a small volume of pharmaceutical fluids, such as insulin, morphine and the like, into an ambulatory patient at precisely controlled rates over extended periods of time. The device includes strategically configured, multiple fluid chambers to achieve the maximum possible average percent of extension of the membrane and thereby assure adequate fluid delivery pressure.

Abstract: An implantable delivery apparatus for infusing medicinal fluids into a patient that includes a novel electroresponsive polymer gel material that, upon being stimulated by an electrical field, uniquely functions as an internal energy source for expelling the medicinal fields from the device.

Abstract: A fluid delivery apparatus for infusing medicinal fluids into a patient which is of a compact, low profile, laminate construction. The apparatus embodies a novel light activated expanding polymer material which uniquely functions as an internal energy source for expelling the medicinal fluids from the device. The light polymer mass is activated by a novel light source in a manner to controllably expel fluid from the device. Further, the light actuated polymer can be specifically tailored to provide precise, predictable protocol delivery of the medicinal agent stored within the reservoir of the device. In one form of the invention, the fluid delivery apparatus is implantable within the patient's body.

Abstract: An implantable fluid delivery apparatus for infusing medicinal fluids into a patient that includes a novel heat responsive polymer gel material that, upon being heated by a heating coil uniquely functions as an internal energy source for expelling the medicinal fluids from the device.

Abstract: An implantable fluid delivery apparatus for infusing medicinal fluids into a patient that includes a novel basal delivery system that includes a heat responsive polymer gel material which upon being heated by heater foil uniquely functions as an internal energy source for expelling basal doses of medicinal fluids from the device. The apparatus also includes a bolus delivery system that includes a magnetically responsive polymer gel which, upon being stimulated by an electro-magnet will delivery precise bolus doses of medicinal fluids to the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately infusing medicinal agents into an ambulatory patient at specific rates over extended periods of time. The apparatus is of a compact, low profile, laminate construction and includes an elastic distendable membrane, chamber having a fluid outlet. Disposed within the fluid chamber is a thin fluid permeable member which precisely controls the rate of fluid flow through the fluid outlet. The apparatus also includes a highly novel fluid flow indicator that provides a readily discernible visible indication of fluid flow through the apparatus. Additionally, the apparatus includes a fill assembly comprising a prefilled vial that can be used to fill the fluid reservoir of the device with a selected medicinal fluid.

Abstract: An elastomeric bladder stored energy type infusion apparatus that can be filled with a medicinal fluid and, after being filled, can efficiently delivery the medicinal fluid to the patient at a selected rate. The apparatus includes a delivery component for delivering medicinal fluid to the patient and a fill component that can expeditiously be used to fill the fluid reservoir of the delivery component in the field.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately infusing medicinal agents into an ambulatory patient at specific rates over extended periods of time. The apparatus is of a compact, low profile, laminate construction and includes an elastic distendable membrane, chamber having a fluid outlet. Disposed within the fluid chamber is a thin fluid permeable member which precisely controls the rate of fluid flow through the fluid outlet. The apparatus also includes a highly novel medicament dose dialing feature that allows the user to dial in the appropriate dose to be delivered to the patient. Additionally, the apparatus includes a fill assembly comprising a field fill vial that can be readily filled in the field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for demodulating a plurality of frequency components output from a photodetector in a wavelength modulation spectroscopy system and determining absorption line shapes from the demodulated data. Demodulation is performed with a homodyne demodulator. Line center magnitudes of selected even harmonics of the demodulated output frequency components are measured and the absorption line shape is calculated from the relationship between these magnitudes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for dual modulation of an optical spectroscopy laser. Demodulation is accomplished in a manner resulting in measurement of absorbance of a gas species, as well as stabilization of laser wavelength and baseline noise reduction.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering fluids at a precisely controlled rate which includes a fluid dispensing component having a fluid reservoir for containing the fluids to be delivered and a reservoir fill component which can be removably interconnected with the fluid dispensing component. The reservoir fill assembly is uniquely designed to accept a vial component of conventional construction which is factory filled with the medicinal fluid to be delivered to the patient. The dispenser component embodies a highly novel fluid flow indicator that provides a readily discernible visual indication of fluid flow status through the device.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device for infusing medicinal fluids at a precisely controlled rate which includes adapter sleeve means for insuring that only a proper medicament can be used to fill the fluid reservoir of the apparatus. More particularly, the apparatus includes a unique polarity adapter that will mate only with a particular delivery device and positively prevent filling the reservoir of the device with a medicament that is incompatible with the delivery profile of the device. In one form of the invention, the polarity adapter includes a novel double-ended cannula that is carried within the polarity adapter and controls filling of the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: An elastomeric bladder stored energy type infusion apparatus that can be filled with a medicinal fluid and, after being filled, can efficiently deliver the medicinal fluid to the patient at a selected rate. The apparatus includes a delivery component for delivering medicinal fluid to the patient and a fill component that can expeditiously be used to fill the fluid reservoir of the delivery component in the field.

Abstract: A delivery device for the administration of nutrients, drugs, vitamins, trace elements and the like to a ruminant. The device embodies a thermal expanding polymer material which, when heated by the animal's body heat functions as an internal energy source for controllably expelling the beneficial agents from the device over extended period of time of up to 200 days. The device is of a size and shape that can be introduced into the ruminant via the esophagus and is of a density such that the device will be retained within the reticulo-rumen of the animal for the effective controlled release of the beneficial agents to the animal.