Abstract: In a method of classifying defects of a pattern, SEM images having different colors on the same pattern are aligned and merged. The defects of the pattern are located by color difference in the merged SEM image. The defects of the pattern are firstly located at the location of the defects. A design in which a layout of the pattern is drawn, and the merged SEM image are aligned. The defects of the pattern are secondly classified by comparing the layout of the pattern drawn in the design and the merged SEM image. A type of the defects of the pattern is determined by combination of the first and second classifications of the defects of the pattern.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus for lumbar stabilization, which includes a first sub-antigravity module configured to apply a predetermined force to an upper body, and a base frame including a first rotating plate configured to support the first sub-antigravity module to be rotatable about a first vertical rotary shaft extending vertically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting a target analyte using a gold nanoparticle, comprising growing a copper crystal specifically on a gold nanoparticle by treating the gold nanoparticle with a solution comprising a copper ion, a polymer having a primary or secondary amine group, and a reducing agent, a composition for amplifying a signal used in the detection method above, and a kit for detecting a target analyte comprising the composition for amplifying a signal above.

Abstract: A method of measuring a critical dimension (CD) includes forming a plurality of patterns in a substrate, creating first to n-th images, where n is a natural number greater than 1, for first to n-th areas in the substrate, respectively, where the first to n-th areas do not overlap with each other, where each of the first to n-th areas comprising at least some of the plurality of patterns, creating a merged image for the first to n-th images, and measuring a CD for a measurement object from the plurality of patterns using the merged image. The merged image has a higher resolution than each of the first to n-th images.

Abstract: Provided is a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power and provide a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power by minimizing power consumed by pins of a memory by using an SBR pattern. The method of optimizing memory power using a PAM-4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation-4) method includes: setting a ratio and sizes of a pull-up transistor and a pull-down transistor included in a driver according to a smallest size of a plurality of eyes included in an eye diagram of a memory; and setting a reference voltage of a sampler and a phase interpolator (PI) digital code value included in the memory by using a signal bit response (SBR) pattern.

Abstract: A device for performing multi-key homomorphic encryption includes a public key generator configured to generate a public key by using a secret key for each client, and a multiplication key generator configured to generate a multiplication key by reusing a public key protection error used in the generating of the public key. By reducing the size of the multiplication key by reusing the public key protection error, the operation time and memory may be reduced.

Abstract: A method of operating a homomorphic encryption operation accelerator includes performing a number theoretic transform (NTT) operation on each of first homomorphic ciphertext and second homomorphic ciphertext, and performing a base conversion operation by adding a partial sum using a first value of the NTT operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a BCC dual phase refractory superalloy with high phase stability and a manufacturing method therefor, the alloy comprising one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf as Group 4 transition metals, one or more of Nb and Ta as Group 5 transition metals, and Al, and having a structure of a BCC phase, wherein the BCC phase is composed of a disordered BCC phase and an ordered BCC phase, and wherein the ordered BCC phase is formed by allowing Al, which is a BCC phase forming element, to be soluted in an area of the BCC phase where the contents of the Group 5 transition metals are more than those of the Group 4 transition metals, so that the present disclosure provides a BCC dual phase refractory superalloy with high phase stability, characterized in that when a BCC dual phase with the ordered BCC phase and the disordered BCC phase separated from each other is formed by aging, the aging condition is precisely cont rolled through the apex temperature (Tc) of the BCC phase miscibility gap, expressed by (Equation 1) be

Abstract: Disclosed are an n-type semiconductor including compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, an image sensor, and an electronic device. In Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, each substituent is as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating body temperature, may include: a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor configured to measure a PPG signal by emitting light onto an object and by detecting light scattered or reflected from the object; and a processor configured to estimate a cutaneous blood flow and an energy metabolism of the object based on the PPG signal, estimate a core body temperature of the object based on the cutaneous blood flow and the energy metabolism, and provide notification information on a risk of abnormal body temperature based on the core body temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus with pruning are disclosed. A method is performed by an apparatus including a processor, the method includes determining weight importance of a trained neural network, receiving a constraint condition related to an operation resource, and determining, in accordance with the constraint condition, a pruning mask for maximizing the weight importance of the trained neural network.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage device including a neural network processor includes outputting, by a controller device, a trigger signal instructing the neural network processor to perform a neural network operation in response to a command from a host device, requesting, by a neural network processor, target model data about parameters of a target model and instruction data for instructing the neural network operation to a memory device storing the target model data and the instruction data in response to the trigger signal, receiving, by the neural network processor, the target model data and the instruction data from the memory device and outputting, by the neural network processor, inference data based on the target model data and the instruction data.

Abstract: In a method of coating a photoresist, the photoresist may be provided to an upper surface of a rotating wafer. A hovering solution may be injected to an edge portion of the photoresist under a condition that the hovering solution may be hovered with respect to the edge portion of the photoresist with an air layer being interposed between the hovering solution and the edge portion of the photoresist to limit and/or prevent a bead of the photoresist from being formed on an edge portion of the upper surface of the wafer. Thus, the photoresist having a uniform thickness may be coated on the upper surface of the wafer to improve a yield of a semiconductor device by increasing an effective area of the edge portion of the wafer.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a dimethylchalcone derivative for prevention or treatment of metabolic diseases and, more specifically, to a compositioncomprising a derivative of 2?,4?-dihydroxy-6?-methoxy-3?,5?-dimethylchalcone as an active ingredient for the alleviation, prevention, or treatment of various metabolic diseases.

Abstract: A processor-implemented accelerator method includes: reading, from a memory, an instruction to be executed in an accelerator; reading, from the memory, input data based on the instruction; and performing, on the input data and a parameter value included in the instruction, an inference task corresponding to the instruction.

Abstract: There is provided a mutation complex including: a BMPR2-E376K mutant in which an amino acid at position 376 of BMPR2 gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) has mutated from glutamic acid (E) to lysine (K); and an ACVR1-R206H mutant in which an amino acid at position 206 of ACVR1 gene encoding an activin A type I receptor (ACVR1) has mutated from arginine (R) to histidine (H). There are also provided induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from cells including the BMPR2-E376K mutant in which an amino acid at position 376 of BMPR2 gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) has mutated from glutamic acid (E) to lysine (K).

Abstract: A method and apparatus with neural network control are provided. In one general aspect, a method is performed by at least one processor of an apparatus, the method includes selecting neural networks from among available neural networks with respective input image resolutions, including plural resolutions, wherein the selected neural networks are selected based on a sum of amounts of mutual information between the selected neural networks being minimal and based on a limiting condition of a use of the available neural networks, and configuring the available neural networks to perform an inference on input data, wherein the configuring is based on the combination of the selected neural networks.

Abstract: A multi-image display apparatus includes a light source configured to emit a first wavelength light, a second wavelength light, and a third wavelength light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the first wavelength light, the second wavelength light, and the third wavelength light to form a first image including a first color holographic image, a second color holographic image, and a third color holographic image, a polarization selective lens configured to focus the first image having only a first polarization component and transmit a second image having only a second polarization component without refraction, the second image being provided to the polarization selective lens along a different path from the first image, wherein chromatic aberration of the polarization selective lens is offset by adjusting a depth of the first color holographic image, the second color holographic image, and the third color holographic image.

Abstract: A syntactic analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an input device receiving a phrase uttered from a user, and a learning device performing at least one or more of extension of an intent output layer for classifying an utterance intent of the user from the uttered phrase and extension of a slot output layer for classifying a slot including information of the phrase and extending a pre-generated utterance syntactic analysis model, such that the uttered phrase is classified into the extended intent output layer and the extended slot output layer, thereby broadly classifying an intent and a slot for the phrase uttered from a user.

Abstract: A supported metal catalyst and a method of forming the same is provided. The supported metal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention is formed by a method comprising supporting a metal on a support and treating the support supporting the metal with an acid. The method of forming a supported metal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention comprises supporting a metal on a support and treating the support supporting the metal with an acid.